AX \ | ‘ SN SS \\ SIREN \ _ \ \\ \ AN AY \\ \ \ AAC \ WW \ \ ASS SN \ \ AX IK << \X > ze AK \ RAG AN . = \ IAC ~~ \ \ \ ne WN A AY \ NS IN \ AN \ \ SN XY \\ SY RAK NX _ AY \\ \ \ AY (CX SS SS . , : SN x RS AX FAS PAS SD on € 58 SOT RRA \ AX Qa A . RAV AWS SS ~~ A SS ON we ii i" 4 Paes SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 100 VOLUME 8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BIOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO AND ADJACENT REGIONS THE FISHES OF THE SERIES CAPRIFORMES, EPH- IPPIFORMES, AND SQUAMIPENNES, COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES SLEAMER “ALBATROSS,” CHIEFLY IN PHILIP- PINE: SEAs: AND: ADJACENT: WATERS BY HENRY W. FOWLER Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and BARTON A. BEAN Of the United States National Museum UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1929 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 60 CENTS PER COPY ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphiet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi- zations and to specialists and others interested in the different sub- jects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasion- ally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, cata- logues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo im size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating te the botanical collections of the Museum. The present work forms No. 100, volume 8, of the Bulletin series. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Wasuineton, D. C., December 13, 1928. iti key TABLE OF CONTENTS ilo Lin Be ee ee So aca IT We ey, Ga ea BeOR GIA MUR oer ad ays hip NS. a Dee cin weal ayn © an Sorin Belt GIe eae mec errs Ts eae Ay el 2 Ul ey Leia aby ies IBA gee 2 ata I ph en pw* SSnck IRM Maat OREN Se Vy Nuc tea Genus Atypic I biniy cian ere nay Sern nt ae Ls MN edible le ea Bie US ies ame tale eth Sens sts | Tree eras el eS Geman NCA Gy iiae teh Crah ees Ac nye SNA aladi pda on aie te SEC CULE IG gt ot Shoham tn LC delat dete ca pee, sti nls! STB US CHUL Lente ream toe de See agen eS aCL arama gic heute BCAA TENTS oe aac et Mw oe Nee ee leh” Family Platacidae Genus Platax PRUNE bent pee = 5 hte a alay ohare este et en eR See! SNES Family Toxotidae OLR Ole Dis teks cor te ate MR, SG rh fue geal esiapayee eo 8 P atT CRAG aGU eitea aia tas DEA ch Oa cor ea BUN ne COOH MANUNUABAHwWwWDwhw aerate wen smme coo a og Co COTE NOSIS SNORING IND ONO a atl pea pt fea ps) peers en ha ey ca ate da Fhe ek pm BP WWHWNOSONSATAREOUTITAweonnnweeeeSeSsSSs VI TABLE OF CONTENTS Family Scatophagidae--------------------------------------------- Genus Scatophagus___-__=------------------------------------- argus 2u.2..-402-20-L-2- 2206 oo Ree eee eee Subgenus Desmoprenes ----------------------------------- Scatophagus tetracanthus Family Chaetodontidae _----------------~--------~-==- === 35-9" —— Genus Chelmo:..22..2252 4624-32-44 se eee =e rostratus co. 2 oe ee ae ee Genus Chelmonops'_22 2-222 52-52 sso ase ee ee ae trNGCALUS 220606 = based oa ee a ee Gents’ Forcipiger::.2-25)- 220-424 425= see ee longirostris \2 225 324224226 S555 oe oe Genus Coradion. 32-2 46425 ene = a ee chrys0Z0NUs 222-=-- 925 —=- — ab melanopus. oo. jot ose ee Ss a desmotes. 25 5223 -ii ee ee Genus Parachaetodon2-. <5 25-2 SS ee ocellatus. 2c oo Sos a See Genus Chaetodon. 2624) 22 6 ee ME YEE. 242422 shea ee ae ee an ormatissiMUs 255052220 523855-643S= 2 == trifasciatus: 10-222 a2 Se2 esa ee melapterus ...220--.52 224-25 -5505- See eee ephippium = 0s. 55 ee bennettisc 325626. seo ss ks Se ee speculum ----- Wt pee Dae aU ea ee rr maculiceps 222 s-22255 54 525552 252 ee eee plebius-_-_---------------- ------- 2 A RE ee eee GeOCOLATUS os Se BCMEION soe poe ee ee blackburnil--—.----~ “ssh che hep sR Sree leucopleurs:..0. 6243 56 6 a ae lencopyeus - 22.546 222-5429 2-ee ee howensis: =. 22. 2222 soo S5 oe eee ee daedalma.. 646223 526 be gobs a ee nippope ie .=< 3 = aie ee ae ae xanthocephalus.----.=--.. --------==--====5=-==--5-4= nigripinnatus. 2222222 2-22 -4-55= - 2532-4 fremblil. oie Pe Besa see flavirostris2 ee eee Se mitratus o. 208 62.2 43S elie oe ee modestuse is So ke ee re ea ee {riGhrOUS 4220002 awe ec Cee eee a eee eS corallicola__------ 5 i ns NB, ES a ee png reel te EA RULE IETS sos Se a ey Sore oe el citrinellus 2202S 2 eo. sae eG Se ea ea quadrimaculatus_.-=---=-==<~-=--2==- 55-55-55 = maculatuse... 22 Sobek eee eee ee | oe a ee guttatissimus------ ye Si uel a 202 oe Ae ee punctatofasciatus.-22--229= 26S ae notophthalmus =. 22 -~ = 2 eee tricinetus2 2.0L oe es ee Se ae oe marleyi.i J. 222. 2250.S2 Ses ee Family Chaetodontida TABLE OF CONTENTS e—Continued. Genus Chaetodon—Continued. AUN OLAS CLA LUIS eee eee eee ne epee NIN Eee rs ciektee bae PUTT OTT anak era aa Peto mene VME Song TS) 21S Delewensist see "2 nanos ao ote ee none een ee lunula FEO LS rfp SH af OYS seas tna ae ad ye BN a aR NE ete PE LINWAT CL emer ee etn ee ae Pea ee ae VR sent Shae ot CL Ey pee a ae i ya ET A NUP TAS DN PAE TAO PO Ml ayes ae tees yea ey AL op ee ROP pene Aye kleinii auriga SUE eat UIT GLUT SS eis oes ete ee ne AMY 8 J Pe RBS RTC ee eee a ee ee re te NE Ee PR Aart ee TSR LLL Cg Nia rete tee ase rp ae ate I Pi ERE Yard Mee Se MR TY ICED ko ATSC TUA US epee eee ee ene eee en ROE ee Sayan te 2 De EE SEU COU VEN EA CIN mre has BOO Teg at lit tet sa bade COD. Si G89 01 OCP LDS oh leo eh cy Ma ly ae at iba ash Sl Cpe en ES Pe] GU a pee ere tis meets ery ean i LRN SECRETE MIs Se Aso etn GTLA TN UN TIN eetns eete as Cr eeae Reeeeean eA trifase Genus Hemitauri UE YS ch at ie ag oS pe Ch ue i a gente at EE TARY eeepc Sons re ean emt el ae ak YD ent Oe TiO SUC Teen ete eat a a Nas we ae eh EST ALO i IV oe EME ROE AE TS thomp OTT eer ene a hey ery EL NE tae ee CP ERR Ne Ean Ae RN PG CHUSPVEChOCAn EMSs eae Sel Re tt Pe Sees Freee er POM ea strigat NS a eet ae a eg ac ee ete Er TUS AVE Lan CULL Urey me te ee eee IVE cae oy een «es AN monoce CT Se et re a ee a a ae an ee DELINUUA TUS Esse et Oe eee ot een ees rn eer a cera ee sph ai U0 Es Ye igh teppei ua hc ta WL. dh ap ge age EU CULT UDT TT 2h UT SS ee weet ee eye Be, 2 fn a GeEnnspelOlacantinises oe” a2 Meat See EY Ae Re eR Ee ee MMe LAM OS pIlUSe eres es ee See Uhr Wome RE Rn eee late LAME MOMEGOPON! sam ste aes oe ee em ee Serene le ee vroliki VII Page 92 93 93 96 96 99 101 101 104 106 108 109 110 110 110 110 112 113 116 120 125 125 127 129 130 130 130 132 134 136 136 139 142 142 143 143 144 145 146 146 147 149 151 152 154 156 161 162 162 163 164 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS Family Chaetodontidae—Continued. Genus Holacanthus—Continued. Page trimaculatuss.< = so 220s ee ee 166 NAVATCHUS S22 Se LS oS Sekt ee ee ee 167 KAN GUIS ee es ee ee ee 169 Ginesnthys 2228 Salas 8 i ee erica 169 Ma vissimus22 Secs ee a ee eee ee 72 BTC OL 2a Se ee ea Bl ys ee 172 tibicens Jee ote On eee Fe Ge ee aie Ee eee 174 TO ee See aE eRe a a ah np es ee 175 SUTURES sg eS a Eatin et rel AD enna tae ee eS 176 SEU Ae Se ee ee a ne pes TS ape ce 177 SCXSULIADUSS 2 ee ic are re eee TI Isha 177 LOTICUIUG. Sa ct ea a ea a ee 179 MUNtIFARCIAGUSS fate eS one eee a ahem coe 179 bIspinosusi22 l=. 2228s SSeS ee oe ee eae ate ea 181 pottery ke een Rae 2 ces Se eee 183 MmiUiGispinie oA eels Be a ee 183 Asher ee Se ov a sos a eS, Seay eee a 183 lepidolepis 22s. 2s esse So Ce a eee ee 184 BEIMICINCUIALUS =o Sok sree REE res ea ca eek 185 Gry SUNU Gee et Se a eg 2 a re 188 MICODATIENSIs 2 Sa A ee ee ne 188 im peratores 2.6 2 = Sak ee ee 189 annilarisicce nic hon Sea ee ay Ses ee ee 191 mesolewcus=242.2 22-228 25 ee ee oe ee 191 septentrionalis << 025 2405 oie Js a see ee eee 193 ehrysocephalus. S255 2 ok Soe ee eee 194 @uboulayts soos = See ee cage aye 194 conspicillatusss 222 joe 2 re eo ae ee ee ee 194 melanosOmMa ent. Jes ys aes se es ie ee 195 Gimidiatus.. 20 ee eee ee ee eae 195 Hiamily Zanchdae. ashen OS Se ce ee 195 Genus Zanclus. 22 Sh ee a eae ee 196 GANESCENS 2 ce ee LS ee on eee ee ee 196 amily: Hepatidse--2 soso <2. 3 See he eee ee ae Bie sl ae ees 199 Genus Ctenochactuse =. oso eos Sa ee Ve ae ne eee 200 SULIGOR US ee so Bc cs ar ae ee eS ee 200 Geniis “Paracanthurus: 3 2 eo eS as ee 205 PHEUGHIS, eb ee Sw) 205 Genus Hepatie! .2.42 52 et a Ve Se oly ee ee 207 fulipinosus =. 22.4 a2) bee Soe es ee eee ee 211 MIN GOTENSIS 22 A es nk ce ee 213 GOTCCHSIS: oo 2s ee ee a ee ee ee DiS BE EN EE Ss SS aa Se a er 213 thompson 2 3282-e).52 Hes = Se ee a ee 213 CLOW PRUs crores ee a ee a ete es eee Mea a ee 213 JeWcOPATesy es 5225 2a ye 8 ce ee 2 ae 214 ChYYSOROMA See a See ae ene 214 Marpinatusiceo2lse 22 So See eS ee ee ee 214 philippines 455.02 1 oe ee ee as os 2 Hh 215 Bola oe ae ES as ee ee Le eae a 216 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ix Family Hepatidae— Continued. Genus Hepatus—Continued. Page LETTER GUUS fe aay ce ae ee ee Ea ig inp Paes ORE es Sy 217 UME CUT G5 Ua a a sa Ss nla pa EEN PL a tS OE eS 219 lee cere noes ep ia nye ote Ae oes Wye eae ape het es LS 220 SE TST@ 71. yee eee pape rte te pe ORD Rip parr see ol 222 STAMOS eee a oe. a ee ei es 225 Lin Ol ats wees ns ere a ee re ee 228 Ove GOUS peyeaeas 2 ey rc rater hy Cite ie Bin PO eager 9 231 PIT OLG RUS ae Geese ore er oe chee) os ek EROS 2 rs 232 TANTS CATA S eee Paste ray ae ms ERE Bs Pe ake 233 MIGTOLUSCUS Hee Gs ey ee ee ory 2 oes 237 MA CULICE DS sree eae aL oe ee eee eS ee 240 SYESLUIITUUS Sees eee eer ie er oh eae eS re SF 243 LETUICOSCETT OT ee eee eee eee eR ENR iE PS DIS Se 243 BIA COPATEMIG st a = Sey ae eee aan ee wie 246 TO HW eg ee ee eek erry Le ES on cee ot eae a te 247 PANG AGUS oa eo eter es a e eRe ee 248 ENIOSLC SUS ee ene ee in Si 2 eI ab re eS 249 SUubgeniisrblabpurina ssh a eh ee eh ais eee ee oe aes 253 Hepatussnubiluse- one 206 <= S's) oe ee ee a oe 253 GenusiZebrasomacen es = eerece a bene ae We Be Siar ip eae os 255 SVE Le Toe eee hm ape Nem PL Cee eS ip RET Heep SE 255 Sermmiabuima te ese Se ee eet Sree eee 258 fAVeESCONS ite etek ero ne epee ee te See ee 258 ERED TUG EVUDT UNTO reser ee cle Fred se ie lw eee 262 TOS CLS CUT ee ee coe ne aa a IRS 1 ee ee eee 2 262 CRETHUIS NAS tee erent weer Nga pe. he rene Sel etal ah Me ee 2 Ba 263 UTR OTT TS eee ete ace ee eae BAR bet Aes anette sue ee 264 brach yecmGrone. ote a eine ned se i ele Sede aie 268 TO VIOS TEL See ates eet Seid Pe sell Re Pen NRE 268 ATUL CS eee ee meets Seb e ees 2 ey 2S Si ee eae ee 271 Sippenus O.wphomyelers 9 ss ee te ee ee eee = 273 INS SOntUDCTOSUSE: Sete ae eee ee se ae ok eS 273 SOUL TN ee ae eet he TN SH Merce re Lea Fs Pas RAS sh ares 205 VIG ES GUS cee ees aoe tee REE 2 iy pe ee 278 EX A CAT GUIS ee ee ke kena B Perne tne amy ee Bk athe Oe Sk 280 COniMaAngINAhises= = seees See a ee eee eee 282 SVC) TYT @ Toned eee bite etn br OREN Ra Sis Be Eee ee Ol 282 LX PCINOSOM Met Me hese Sw tate ee eee ee eee ase 283 LInWATOLG eae ee ke ERMC tes foe Pe ie te oe ee ue 285 PUN CEUIAGUSE o> eae Cane ees Te nk eee Ce ee A ee 286 ELIPCLEE Soe See eee ace Reins. ere ina epee 287 (Grams PLO MUTE ee seca ee a ie ced = ae ek eee me pyr en 287 TMICTOLEMDIGOLUS) 2- Se ae oe ene ee ap a eee 287 Burnt ihya Sima Ae een eis Eo ie ee ee ee ee 288 CLETUS W SIG RTIRLS Se ame ee tae Rely ae NE Ee ne ane ee ye IS 288 PAVING eee a pos rh ie ne WR ow ween ye ons 291 COTA TE TIEN GUNS eer ee Ne ares ea 293 Acquganleyse eres eae fe ee bee ye ay ee eh a 297 SIDOPURCERLUB 9 ee ewan ese ee eee ea eae 297 PUNCLAbISSINNIS, ane ea ee eee ee a 298 Ne yO MS yee eee ea cere eee eee ee 299 x TABLE OF CONTENTS Family Siganidae—Continued. Genus Siganus—Continued. Vvermiculatus 22) 522 Soe eee ahah epee ak corallinus 22 33 a ee ee ee PUMCUATUS soe oon ae Sr ore a ee ep PUTTATUS SE Se ea eek Se a ese NOLOSELCEUS is ak eg a eo Stellatis ss scsi a Bec pe aly Seat Ser een Se TUSCERCENS se 2 ee ee ee ae a re A ne TUTTCUIS tae Ses ES Ee ON ee a ae ieee ah PEON ATRENTCUSL 2225502 S es eee es ae Pe limeatusy As. A ee et ee Sig ee ee Bpintiss Joos Se oo Ss ee ee eee Tiviwlatus £2 5256.2 eee eae ee Oren eee Page 299 301 305 307 310 311 311 312 313 314 314 314 319 319 319 320 323 324 324 325 327 332 Fig. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page 1. Variation of color markings of Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) - - - 37 2. Rostral variation with age of Forcipiger longirostris (Brousscnet)- AT 3. Variation of color markings of Chaetodon meyeri Schneider --- 61 4. Variation of color markings of Chaetodon meyeri Schneider ---- 62 5. Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier. Young......-.---.-------- 63 6. Variation of color markings of Chaetodon adiergastos Seale-_-- 100 W.. Microcanthus strigatus:Cuvier:> -Young==-~.---© 52 = 25-22 144 8. Variations in color markings of Holocanthus diacanthus (Bod- LAC TIG) eee ees le ee eee ee eee ret te ca Ore aes eR 170 9. Holacanthus nicobariensis (Schneider). Uppermost left figure. Adiothers) Holacanthus:semicirculatusts= =95. 222s 5u 2 Sees 186 10. Variation of color markings of Paracanthurus theuthis (Lacé- COC) series ee i a ae eran ese re Nowy a cua en 206 ii clepatus:philippinus (Herre)2 22-2 oo eee ee ee ees 215 12. Variation of color markings of Hepatus lineatus (Linnaeus)---_ 218 tse niepaius macuiiceps Abhi: Myke sone eee ek hee ee 242 i45uHepatus leucosternon! (Benmett). =o 2 22-2 ee ee 245 foMecepatusumulbilis ine wasPeCles =e ees ime se fete elec eee 254 16. Rostral variation with age of Naso unicornis (Forsk&l) -_..___- 265 17. Rostral variation with age of Naso brevirostris (Valenciennes) -- 269 18. Rostral variation with age of Naso annulatus (Quoy and Gai- ERED GL ease ona ee A Dre RAS ean cee only hk Reh ape a ene 271 19. Rostral variation with age of Naso tuberosus Lacépéde_-----___- 274 20. Rostral variation with age of Naso eoume (Lesson) --_---_----- Zid 21. Rostral variation with age of Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker) - ----- 281 DO NO SOuVOnIcr (Kun Zinger)..) AGUltr. 22 2a See a eel aioe kee 283 23. Rostral variation with age of Naso tapeinosoma (Bleeker) ---_-- 284 24. Rostral variation with age of Naso thynnoides (Valenciennes)__ 285 25a SITANUs PUNCtavisshMuUS; mMew SPeCleSe soso e = see = ase ee 298 an ets a? A /-< ie} an S > : a. << a ; - ¢ i p, | aS a ¥ chs Bae eee 8 a i THE FISHES OF THE SERIES CAPRIFORMES, EPHIPPIFORMES, AND SQUAMIPENNES, COL- LECTED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES STEAMER “ALBATROSS,” CHIEFLY IN PHILIPPINE SEAS AND ADJACENT WATERS By Henry W. Fow.er Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and Barton A. Bean Of the United States National Museum The spiny rayed fishes of the series Capriformes, Ephippiformes, and Squamipennes, as limited by Jordan, form the subject of this vol- ume, which is the second devoted to the report on the fishes collected during the cruise of the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in Philippine seas and adjacent waters in 1907-1910. The first report, embracing the families Pomacentridae, Labridae, and Callyodontidae formed volume 7 of the present bulletin. Under the Capriformes we unite the Antigonidae with the Capro- idae, to include Capros and Antigonia. Though suggestive of the Zeidae they differ in the ventrals having one spine and five soft rays. Like the Squamipennes, both have the post-temporal solidly united with the skull. Both the Capriformes and the Zeidae differ from the Squamipennes in the gill membranes free from the isthmus. The Ephippiformes include the Scorpidae, Monodactylidae, Plata- cidae, and Ephippidae, as we merge the Drepanidae with the last. They differ from both the Capriformes and the Squamipennes, like- wise the Zeidae, in the post-temporal not joined solidly with the skull. They agree with the Squamipennes especially in their densely scaled bodies and fins and the lateral restriction of the gill openings. The Squamipennes include the Toxotidae, Scatophagidae, Chaeto- dontidae, Zanclidae, Hepatidae, and Siganidae. Though these groups have all been more or less loosely used, we have preferred simply to accept them without further detailed definition. In the preface to the first report of the splendid work of the sci- entific staff of the Albatross during this cruise, consisting of Dr. Hugh 1 2 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM M. Smith, director of the expedition; F. M. Chamberlain, naturalist ; Lewis Radcliffe, assistant naturalist; C. E. Wells, ship’s clerk; and K. Ito, artist, was duly acknowledged. In this connection should also be mentioned the untiring assistance rendered by Dr. Paul Bartsch, who served as the representative of the United States National Musuem on board the Albatross during part of the cruise. The excellent preparation of the material is due to their efforts. The . immense collections were obtained by dredging, seining, trapping, dynamiting the reefs, as well as by the use of submarine light at night and by purchase of market material. The color notes based upon the fresh specimens, in many instances supplemented by color sketches made by Mr. Ito, have been incorporated in the text and are cited with the field number of the tag attached to the specimen. While all the materials collected by the United States steamer Albatross from 1907 to 1919 in the Philippimes and East Indian region, representative of the above families, form the basis of this work, we have also examined the general series of material in the United States National Museum pertaining to the same limits. Many of these fishes early attracted the pioneer voyagers and natur- lists, so that many have long been known to science. It therefore follows that we have very few to report as new. The following are the few new taxonomic units. Desmoprenes, new subgenus, under Scatophagus. Harpurina, new subgenus, under Hepatus. Hepatus nubilis, new species. Cyphomycter, new subgenus, under Naso. Siganus punctatissimus, new species. Besides the species represented in the above collections, we have also included all those described or reported from the entire Indo- Pacific region. For these only regional and other important or dis- tributional references are given, besides a condensed account, duly credited. As the hepatids and siganids were not included in Bleeker’s unfinished Atlas we have given all his important references so far as we could locate them. Besides the figures of the few new species are a number of others portraying the variation of some of the more striking individuals with reference to color designs. These are by Henry W. Fowler. We are indebted to Earl D. Reid for copying the data of a number of specimens. ° Family CAPROIDAE Body compressed, deep, back elevated. Head small. Snout short. Eye moderate. Mouth moderately small, lower jaw pro- truding. Teeth very small, slender. Premaxillaries very protrac- tile, hind processes very long. Opercle small. -Top of head bony. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 3 Preopercle and preorbital more or less serrated. Gills normal. Gill membranes separate, free from isthmus. Vertebrae 23, of which 13 caudal. Scales small, ctenoid, extend on sides of head. Lateral line not extending on caudal. Dorsal long, stout spines separated from soft rays by deep notch, spines not graduated. Anal spines 3, separated by notch from soft rays, first spine longest. Soft dorsal and anal alike. Caudal rounded, peduncle moderate. Ventral with strong spine and 5 rays, inserted below pectorals. Genera 3, the extinct Metoponichthys Kramberger=Proantigonia Kramberger said to be intermediate. The few recent species of wide distribution and living at moderate depths. The Atlantic Capros Lacépéde differs from Antigonia in its very protractile mouth. Genus ANTIGONIA Lowe Antigonia Low®, Proce. Zooi. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1843, p. 85. Type Anii- gonia capros Low8, monotypic. Hypsinotus ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japon., Poiss., dec. v—vi, 1844, p. 84, pl. 42, fig. 2. Atypic. Type Hypsinotus rubescens GUNTHER. Caprophonus Mituuer and Troscueu, Horae Ichth. Zool., vol. 3, 1845, p. 28. Type Caprophonus aurora MtLLER and TRoscHEL, monotypic. Body greatly elevated, much deeper than long, very greatly com- pressed. Upper profile of head to dorsal very steep, almost straight. Mouth small, cleft nearly vertical. Mandible protrudes. Teeth in jaws uniserial, slender, small, none on palate. Cheek deep. Oper- cle short. Surface of head above with rough bony striae, preopercle and suborbital with slender, antrorse spines. Branchiostegais 6. Seales moderate, firm, rough ctenoid, present on maxillary, cheek, and opercle. Lateral line concurrent with back. Third dorsal spine stout, elevated, sixth or last shortest, lower than rays. Anal spines with first longest. Soft dorsal and anal long and low. Caudal short, truncate. Pectoral moderate. Ventral strong, moderate, lowest in ventral outline, large spine roughened in front. Species of moderate size and pale red coloration living in moderate depths. They appear to have been unduly multiplied as our materials show a great range of variation. Likely all are referable to but two or three species. ANTIGONIA CAPROS Lowe Antigonia capros LowB®, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 2, 1843, p.85. Madeira.— GuUnTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 497 (copied).—Srpin- DACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., vol. 41, Heft 1, 1879, p. 10 (Yokohama).—STEINDACHNER and DépERuEIN, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., vol. 49, abth. 1, 1885, p. 187, pl. 5 (Tokyo).—GutntTHmrR, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 22, 1887, p. 44 (Ma- deira, Barbados, Manado, Ki Islands, in 129 fathoms).—GoopE and Bran, Ocean. Ichth., 1896, p. 229, fig. 235 (copied).—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, pt. 2, 1896, p. 316 (off Ceylon in 296 to 320 fathoms).— IsHtkawa and Matsuura, Prelim. Cat. Fish. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 41.— 4 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Fowter, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1925, p. 250 (Natal coast in 40 fathoms). Caprophonus aurora Miuuer and Troscuet, Horae Ichth. Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 28, pl. 5, fig. 1. Barbados. Hypsinotus benhalatute BLEEKER, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. (Nal. Ich. Japan), vol. 25, 1853, p. 18. Oomura, Japan. (No description or figure.) (On Hypsinotus SCHLEGEL.) Hypsinotus rubescens GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 63 (on Hypsinotus ScHitEGEL, Fauna Japon., Poiss., dec. v—vi, 1844,"p. 84, pl. 42, fig. 2, Nagasaki) —GtnrueEr, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 1, 1880, p. 44 (Japan, Celebes, Ki Island)—Meryrr, An. Soc. Espafiola Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 18 (Manado, Celebes). Antigonia rubescens JoRDAN and Fowtsr, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1903, p. 523 fig. 2 (Suruga Bay, Totomi Bay, Misaki, in 34 to 64 fathoms).— Weser, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische 1913, p. 299 (Arafura Sea, in 204 to 304 m).—Guiucurist, South Afric. Fisher. Marine Biol. Surv., No. 2, 1921 (1922), p. 74 (west coast of South Africa).—Barnarp, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 1, June 1925, p. 380, pl. 16, fig. 2 (Natal). Antigonia miilleri KLUNZINGER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 80, Heft 1, 1879, p. 380, pl. 5, fig. 3. “‘ Neu Seeland.”’ Antigonia steindachneri (JorpDAN and EvERMANN) JORDAN and Fow Ler, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1903, p. 522. Hilo, Kailua, and Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.—JorDAN and EVERMANN, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., vol. 23, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), p. 361, pl. 45 (Kailua and Hilo). Antigonia malayana WExER, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische 1913, p. 299, fig. 69. Arafura Sea (5° 28’.4 8. B., 182° 0’.2 O. L., in 204 m.; 5.9° 48’.2S. B., 132° 13’ O. L., in 304 m.). Antigonia fowleri Franz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Heft 4 (1), 1910, p. 54. Sagami Bay, Dyushi, Misaki, Aburatsubo. Antigonia rubicunda OaiLBy, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, vol. 22, 1910, p. 103. Off North Reef, Queensland.—McCuttocua, Rep. Fish. Endeavour, pt. 3, April 21, 1915, p. 113, pl. 18, fig. 2 (13 miles N. 50° east of North Reef, Queensland, in 70 fathoms). Antigonia rhomboidea McCutuocg, Rep. Fish. Endeavour, pt. 3, April 21, 1915, p. 111, pl. 18, fig. 1. Between Gabo Island and Cape Everard, Vic- toria, in 200 to 250 fathoms. Depth 1 to 1%, greater than length in young; head 214 to 234, width 2 to 24%. Snout 3 to 3% in head from snout tip; eye 226 to 214, greater than snout or interorbital; maxillary 24 to 44 in snout, 31% to 34% in head; interorbital 3144 to 4, broadly convex. Gill rakers 5+14, lanceolate, short, 31% in gill filaments, which 14 in eye. Tubes 52 to 60 in lateral line to caudal base; 15 scales above lateral line, 43 or 44 scales below. Scales with single row of 19 to 30 apical marginal spines and median linear cluster of 5 or as 6, 4, 2, and mostly bifid with age; circuli basal and fine. D. VIII to X, 24,1 to 29, 1, third spine 11% to 2 in total head length, third ray 3 to 4; A. III, 23,1 to 26,1, first spine 2 to 3; least depth of caudal peduncle 27% to 31%; caudal rounded behind to truncate with age, also rounded in adult when expanded, 134 to 17%; pectoral 14% to 1%; ventral spine 114 to 134. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 5 Largely uniform dull oer light brown, with silvery shades, especially about peritoneum, which shows through body walls whitish. Sides of head and iris whitish. Besides widely distributed in the Atlantic, where it has been reported from Barbadoes, Azores, Ascension Island and Madeira, it is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, Natal, Ceylon, Kast Indies, Queensland, Victoria, Japan, Hawaii. 10054. Balikias Bay, Lubang Island. July 17,1908. Length 35 mm. (D. 5277) 2794 and 2795 (D. 5353). Cape Melville Light. January 1, 1909. Length 94 to 104 mm. 2099 (D. 5354). Cape Melville Light. January 1, 1909. Length 78 mm. Nineteen examples (D. 5403). Capitancillo Light. March 16, 1909. Length 55 to 90 mm. Some quite rough on head. 3307 to 3310, 5883 (D. 5403). Capitancillo Light. March 16,1909. Length 91 to 101 mm. 1694 to 1698, 1700, 2498 (D. 5408). Capitancillo Light. March 18,1909. Length 60 to i0L mm. 8404, 17861 and 17862 (D. 5409). Capitancillo Light. March 18, 1909. Length 97 to 130 mm. 2495 to 2498 (D. 5273). Corregidor Light. July 14,1908. Length 53 to 60 mm. 1545 to 1547 (D. 5418). Louis Point Light. March 25, 1909. Length 83 to 93 mm. 10128 (D. 5501). Macabalan Point Light, Mindanao. August 4,1909. Length 133 mm. 2548 and 2549 (D. 5121). Malabrigo Light. February 2, 1908. Length 67 to 74 mm. 3235 to 3237 (D. 5279). Malavatuan Island. July 17,1909. Length 51 to 63 mm. 10021 (D. 5278). Malavatuan Island. July 17,1909. Length 57 mm. 5844 (D. 5168). Observation Island. February 25,1908. Length 38 mm. 2073 [1361] (D. 5397). Panalangan Point, Talajit Isiand. March 15, 1909. Length 70 mm. 10168. Philippines. Length 97 mm. 5845 (D. 5768?). Philippines. February 25,1908. Length 35 mm. 10133 to 10135 (D. 5519). Point Tagolo Light. August 9, 1909. -Length 109 to 141 mm. 3413 to 3416, 3433 (D. 5520). Point Tagolo Light. August 10, 1909. Length 58 to 66 mm. (D. 5518). 3 examples. Point Tagolo Light. August 9,1909. Length 117 to 133 mm. 1365 (D. 5179). Romblon Light. April 9, 1908. Length 112 mm. 2912 and 2913 (D. 5372). Tayabas Light (outer). February 24, 1909. Length 42 to 57 mm. 3140 (D. 5375). Tayabas Light. March 2,1909. Length 51 mm. 3726 to 3729 (D. 5371). Tayabas Light (outer). February 24, 1909. Length 33 to 53 mm. 4022 to 4024 (D. 5369). Tayabas Light (outer). February 24, 1909. Length 37 to 58 mm. 50803 U.S.N.M. Suruga Bay, Japan. Albatross collection. Length 155 mm. 50804 U.S.N.M. Totomi Bay. Albatross collection. Length 52 to 103 mm. Six examples. 51030 U.S.N.M. Hawaii. Bureau of Fisheries. Adult. 91469—29——2 6 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 57588 U.S.N.M. Japan. P.L.Jouy. Length 96 to 104 mm. Two examples. 75465 U.S.N.M. Misaki, Japan. Length 36 to 82 mm. Eight examples. All these Japanese specimens reported as Antigonia rubescens. 9646. Gulf of Boni, Celebes. December 16,1909. Length 34 mm. (D. 5645). ANTIGONIA EOS Gilbert Antigonia eos GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., vol. 23, pt. 2, 1903 (1905), p. 621, pl. 80, fig. 1. Pailolo Channel, Hawaii, in 122 to 132 fathoms. Differs from Antigonia capros in the greatly longer dorsal spines which are about half length of combined head and body or at least longer than head. We have examined the following: 51593 U.S.N.M. Hawaii. Albatross collection. Type. 51685 U.S.N.M. Hawaii. Albatross collection. 51686 U.S.N.M. Hawaii. Albatross collection. Length 33 to 77 mm. Seven examples. Paratypes. Family SCORPIDAE Body strongly compressed, usually moderately deep, ovate to nearly orbicular. Snout moderate. Mouth cleft moderate or small. Maxillary sometimes well exposed, without supplemental bone. Jaws with bands of teeth, outer row at least enlarged, sometimes incisor- like. Minute teeth on palate usually. Preopercle serrated or denticulete. Guill openings lateral. Gill rakers lanceolate. Pseudo- branchiae present. Branchiostegals 7. Air bladder present. Ver- tebrae 25, of which 15 caudal. Pyloric appendages numerous or moderate. Scales usually small and ctenoid, cover body and most of head, usually cover soft parts of vertical fins. Lateral line com- plete. Dorsal with 9 to 15 spines, usually graduated to last which longest; rays 11 to 30. Anal with 3 spines and 10 to 30 rays. Caudal lunate, or sometimes double concaye. Paired fins rather small; ventral with spine and 5 rays. Eastern Pacific, Southern Africa and Australia. Besides the genera of the Indo-Pacific region are the American Medialuna Jordan and Fesler and Parapsettus Steindachner. ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA a!, Coloration largely uniform, at least without longitudinal or oblique dark bands. b!. Fins more or less scaled, at least soft vertical fins. cl. Caudal well forked. di, All dorsal spines joined by membranes; dorsal spines graduated to last, which longest, lower than first dorsal rays; pectoral longer than ventral; mouth moderate. Scorpis d?. First 6 dorsal spines free, only last 3 joined by membrane; scales small ‘about WOO 22IS22 Sess 2 ee Ee eee Tilodon c?, Caudal but feebly notched behind; D. XII, 15; scales 130. Parascorpis FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS a b2. Fins scaleless; scales 53 to 55; D. XV, 11; A. III, 10----__- Doidyxodon a?. Coloration variegated, with dark horizontal! or oblique bands; mouth very small, e}, Band of villiform teeth in each jaw; spinous dorsal and anal BCAICLCSSM We ees ere Su Mesa mesa a ete ha Meet A pg Ae Atypichthys e?. Broad band of trilobate movable teeth in each jaw; spinous dorsal andeangl (scalliynses = a ee a ye a Neatypus Genus SCORPIS Valenciennes Scorpis VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 8, 1831, p. 503. Type Scorpis georgianus V ALENCIENNES, monotypic. Agenor CasSTELNAU, Proe. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 3, 1879, p. 371. Type Agenor modestus CASTELNAU, monotypic. Leptotichthys Hurron, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 22, 1889 (1890), p. 270. Type Diirema violaceus Hurron, monotypic. Caesiosoma Kaur, Nederland. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 1, 1864, p. 161. Atypic. Type Caesiosoma sieboldi BLEEKER. Body more or less elevated or oblong ovate. Mouth moderate, maxillary rather short and exposed. Jaws with bands of teeth, outer series more or less enlarged; patches of minute teeth on vomer, palatines, pterygoids and tongue. Preopercle serrated. Body and most of head covered with rather small ctenoid scales. Soft vertical fins scaly and spinous portion with scaly sheath. Dorsals continuous, with 9 or 10 spines graduated to last, which longest and rays 24 to 30. Anal spines 3, rays 24 to 30. Species mostly Australian. The following is largely from McCulloch. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES a’. AcENor. Body more slender, depth half or less than half its lengh; soft dorsal and anal not or only slightly produced anteriorly ; no dark cross bands. b'. Dorsal and anal rays of about equal number. c}. Scales smaller, more than 100 along above lateral line; maxillary expansion wide as interspace to eye_____.____-________- aequipinnis c?. Seales larger, less than 100 along above lateral line; maxillary expansion wider than interspace to eye. d'. Anal rays equal or more numerous than dorsal; interorbital space less convex; eye larger. CLD OREA TAY S|2 ORO LaMar ume iGO) 29 epee eee ee ese oe lineolatus CED OrmalL rays 20 anal 2orOr 24 eee eee ve Se lithophilus d*. Anal rays fewer than dorsal; interorbital very convex; eye Sinaloa en eee ya ere Ree et cy) Se ave ow) EERE violaceus b2eD) orsaliiravsrsOQsanahogeena ey Buse. yea eae, SOA ees eS oblungus a’, Scorpis. Body deeper, depth over half length; soft dorsal and anal strongly produced anteriorly; body with 2 broad dark cross bands. georgianus SCORPIS AEQUIPINNIS Richardson Scorpis aequipinnis RicHARDSON, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Ichth., 1844-48, p.121. King George’s Sound, Australia.—GtnruHnmr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 64 (Swan River, type); Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 20, 1867, p. 58 (Swan River, King George’s Sound).—McCuttocu, Rec. Aus- tralian Mus., vol. 11, No. 7, 1917, p. 177, fig. 2 (Freemantle and Adelaide). 8 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Scales very fine, especially on head and breast. Ends of dorsal spines only slightly free from scaly base. Soft dorsal and anal with slight though distinct anterior lobe. Reaches 323 mm. according to McCulloch. South and South-western Australia. SCORPIS LINEOLATUS Kner Scorpis lineolatus KN»ER, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 108, pl. 5, fig. 3. Sy dney.—McCuvttocug, Ree. Australian Mus., vol. 11, No. 7, 1917, p. 178 (New South Wales); Australian Zool., vol. 2, pt. 3, 1922, p. 90, pl. 26, fig. 227a (New South Wales). Scorpis aequipinnis (not RicHArpson) GUntTuer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 64 (Port Jackson).—Buprxenr, Nat. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 2, 1865, p. 70 (Port Jackson). —STEINDACHNER, Sitz. Ber, Akad, Wiss. Wien, vol. 53, Heft 1, 1866, p. 436 (Port Jackson) ; vol. 56, Heft 1, 1867, p. 334 (Port Jack- son).—Gtnruer, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 20, 1867, p. 58 (New South Wales and Sydney).—CastreLnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 3, 1879, p. 376 (Port Jackson).—Macuray, Proce. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 5, 1881, p. 397( Port Jackson).—OcixBy, Cat. Fish. New South Wales, 1886, p. 17; Edible Fish New South Wales, 1893, p. 38, pl. 10.—KeEnt, Great Barrier Reef, 1893, p.369, (Queensland) .—Walite, Mem. New South Wales Nat. Club, 1904, p. 35.—Svreap, Edible Fish New South Wales, 1908, p. 79.—Fow er, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1923, p. 44 (Melbourne). Caesiosoma aequipinnis W atte, Mem. Australian Mus., vol. 4, pt. 1, 1899, p. 84 (Schnapper Rock and Young Bucks).—Oaixsy, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queens- land, vol. 21, 1908, p. 25 (off Moreton Bay).—Wairre, Ree. Australian Mus., vol. 5, pt. 3, 1904, p. 167 (Lord Howe Island). Scorpis richardsonti STEINDACHNER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 53, Heft 1, 1866, p. 437, pl. 5, fig. 1. Port Jackson. Agenor modestus CasTELNAU, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 3, 1879, pp. 350, 371. Port Jackson.—Mact.eay, Proce. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 5, 1881, p. 368 (Port Jackson).—OciLBy, Cat. Fish. New South Wales, 1886, p. 12.—Vaitiant, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 3, 1897, p. 86 (type). Seales about 90 along lateral line. Scales on head and breast mod- erate. Dorsal rays 25 to 27, anal 27 to 29. New South Wales, Vic- toria, and Southern Queensland. The example, an adult, reported by Fowler from Victoria is evi- dently this species, though has spoiled so as not to be available for further examination. 59880 U.S.N.M. Port Jackson, New South Wales. D.G. Stead. Six examples. Length 100 to 122 mm. 29001 U.S.N.M. North Mount Maclay. Australian Museum. Length 332 mm. 47843 U.S.N.M. Deliniquin. Australian Museum. Two examples. Length 143 to 160? mm. SCORPIS LITHOPHILUS Gilchrist and Thompson Scorpis lithophilus Giucurist and TxHompson, Ann. South Afr. Mus., vol. 6, 1908, p. 162. Natal.—Barnarp, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 663, pl. 28, fig. 1 (Natal). Scales 90 to 95. Dorsal VIII, 20; anal III, 23 or 24. Length, 260 mm. ace ed Bee = oS mie eine * a a ek oon cl cae i at a wk et Sea ae stab ee ee Ses a a mbes asad ati! FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 9 SCORPIS VIOLACEUS (Hutton) Ditrema violacea Hutron, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 5, 1873, p. 261, pl. 8, fig. 31b. Wellington. Neptotichthys violaceus Hurtron, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 22, 1889 (1890), p. 278 (note).—Warre, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 22, 1897 (1898), p. 685 (Sydney, Port Jackson). Scorpis violaceus W arrz, Mem. New South Wales Nat. Club, 1904, p. 35.— McCuttocn, Ree. Australian Mus., vol. 11, No. 7, 1917, p. 179 (Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands). Scales about 89 along lateral line. Dorsal rays 27 to 29, anal 25 to 27. According to McCulloch, it is further separated from Scorpis lineolatus in the much more convex profile of the head. Reaches 230 mm. New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, New South Wales. SCORPIS CBLUNGUS Canestrini Scorpis oblungus CaneEstrint, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol., ser. 2, vol. 1, 1869, p. 158. Australia.—McCutuocu, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 11, No. 7, 1917, p. 180 (copied). Depth 3; head 4. Eye 344 inhead. D. EX B0R AL. 235> or sal and anal not elevated anteriorly. Back brown, silvery below. (Canestrini.) SCORPIS GEORGIANUS Valenciennes Scorpis georgianus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 8, 1831, p. 503, pl. 2%5. Port King George, Australia.—Ricuarpson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Ichth., 1844-48, p. 121 (copied).—Ginruzr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 64 (Australia). KLUNZINGER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 80, Heft 1, 1879; p. 364 (King George’s Sound).—Macuray, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 5, 1881, p. 397 (King George’s Sound).— Jounston, Proce. Roy. Soe. ‘Tasmania, 1882 (1883), p. 111; and 1890 (1891), p. 30.—Warrte, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1905, p. 64 (Mandurah).— McCuttocn, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 11, No. 7, 1917, p. 176 (Albany and Freemantle, southwest Australia). Scales about 85 along lateral line. Dorsal spines rather short, well graduated up to last. Soft dorsal and anal with rather high anterior lobes, at least 34 base of either fin. Brown, with 2 dark broad diffuse cross bands on back. Reaches 277 mm., according to McCulloch. South-western Australia, Tasmania? Genus TILODON Thominot Tilodon (GuicHENOT) THOomMINoT, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris, ser. 7, vol. 5, 1881, p. 140. Type Tilodon australis (GuicuHENor) THomrnor, monotypic. Body elongate, elevated, compressed. Front profile concave. Snout obtuse. Teeth long and fine in both jaws. Preopercle den- ticulate, not spinous. Scales small, finely ciliated. Dorsals contin- uous, first 6 spines free and remaining 3 joined. Soft and vertical fins scaled nearly to edges. 10 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM TILODON AUSTRALIS Thominot Tilodon australis (GuicHENOT) THoMINoT, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris, ser. 7, vol. 5, 1881, p. 140. Australia. Depth 214; head 4. Snout moderate, nearly long as eye, which 314 in head. Lower jaw longer. Teeth in jaws filiform, in crescen- tic patch on palate. Scales 100 in lateral line, 21 above, 40 to 45 below. D. IX, 20; A. III, 18, fin round and entirely scaled; P. 1, 13; V. I, 5. Brown. Brown circle around eye, descends on cheek and ends at thorax. Also 5 brown bands, broad, inclined in same manner. Band at caudal base. Length 410 mm. (Thominot.) Genus PARASCORPIS Bleeker Parascorpis Burrxer, Arch. Néerland. Sci. Nat. Haarlem, vol. 10, 1875, p. 380. Type Parascorpis typus BLEEKER, monotypic. Aiyposoma BouLENGER, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 1, 1899, p. 379. Type Atyposoma gurneyi BOULENGER, monotypic. Differs from Atyposoma in the presence of an opercular spine and spinous dorsal longer basally than soft dorsal. Although placed with the Serranidae by Boulenger we have fol- lowed Jordan in associating it with the present family. PARASCORPIS TYPUS Blecker Parascorpis typus BuEpKer, Arch. Néerland. Sci. Nat. Haarlem, vol. 10, 1875, p. 381, pl. 7. Cape of Good Hope.—Bovueneer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus,., vol. 1, 1895, p. 145 (copied).—Barnarp, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 664 (South Africa and type of Atyposoma qurney?). Atyposoma gurneyi BouLENGER, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 1, 1899, p- 379, pl. 9. False Bay, Cape of Good Hope. Depth 214; head 224. Snout 334 in head from snout tip; eye 434, slightly less than snout. Maxillary reaches opposite hind eye edge, expansion 114 in eye. Villiform teeth in jaws and on palate. Preopercle finely serrated. Scales very small, 130 in lateral line, pores 40, 20 scales above, 55 below. Head and soft vertical fins finely scaled. D. XII, 15; A. HI, 14; median spines longer, little higher than soft rays. Caudal emarginate. Paired fins subequal, 124 in head. Uniform brown. Length 198 mm. (Bleeker.) Genus DOIDYXODON Thominot ilar Doidyxodon (GuicHENOT) THOMINOT, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris, ser. 7 vol. 5, 1881, p. 143. Type Doidyxodon australis (GuICHENOT) THOMINOT monotypic. [Deydixodon VALENCIENNES not involved.] Teeth trenchant, curved, biserial, besides inner villiform band. Palate edentulous? Preopercle edge finely dentate. Cheeks scaled. Fins scaleless. Scales on body ciliated. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 11 DOIDYXODON AUSTRALIS Thominot Doidyxodon australis (GuicHENOT) THomrinot, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris, ser. 7, vol. 5, 1881, p. 143. Australia. Depth 2; head 4. Snout equals interorbital. Eye long as fourth dorsal spine. Upper jaw little protractile. Scales 53 to 55 in lateral line, 9 above, 20 to 22 below, and 9 rows on check. D. XV, 11 A: III, 10; P. 17; V. 1, 5.. Brownish. Length 360 mm. (Thominot.) Genus ATYPICHTHYS Giinther Atypichthys GiinruEr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1862, p. 510. Type Atypus strigatus GUNTHER, virtually (as Atypichthys GinrurR proposed to replace Atypus GUNTHER). Atypus (not LATREILLE 1804) Ginruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 64. Type Atypus strigatus GUNTHER, monotypic. Helotosoma Kaur, Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 162. Type Helotosoma servus Kaup, monotypic. Body compressed, oblong. Snout rather short. Mouth cleft small, jaws equal. Villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer, none on palatines. Preopercle denticulated. Air bladder bifurcate anteriorly and posteriorly. Pyloric appendages 11. Scales rather small, cte- noid, envelop soft vertical fins. One dorsal with 11 spines, anal with 3. ATYPICHTHYS STRIGATUS (Giinther) Atypus sirigatus Gintumr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 64. Swan River, Holdfast Bay, Australia, Raoul Island.—Mactray, Proc. Linn. Soe. New South Wales, vol. 5, 1881, p. 398 (Port Jackson and Swan River). Atypichthys strigatus Oatuey, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, vol. 21, 1908, p. 25 (off Cape Moreton).—McCuutocy, Biol. Res. Endeavour, vol. 4, pt. 4, 1916, p. 188 (off Sandon Bluff, New South Wales, 35 to 40 fathoms; off Cape Moreton, Queensland, 49-51 fathoms); Australian Zool., vol. 2, pt. 3, 1922, p. 90, pl. 26, fig. 228a (New South Wales). Readily known by the presence of 5 or 6 dark longitudinal bands, especially on the back and wider than the interspaces. According to McCulloch reaches 254 mm. ‘Queensland, New South Wales, Raoul Island. 59981 U.S.N.M. Port Jackson. D. G. Stead. 3 examples. Length 85 to 128 mm. 48809 U.S.N.M. Port Jackson. J. D. Ogilby. 3 examples. Length 107 to 120 mm. 59941 U.S.N.M. Port Jackson. D. G. Stead. 3 examples. Length 121 to 127 mm. 84372 U.S.N.M. Lord Howe Island. Length 350 mm. Genus NEATYPUS Waite Neatypus Wairr, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1905, p. 64. Type Neatypus obliquus Waite, monotypic. Body and head compressed. Mouth small, transverse, slightly protractile. Maxillary small. Palate toothless. Scales moderate, 12 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM finely ciliated, irregular. Lateral line complete. Spinous dorsal and anal with broad scaly bases, also soft vertical fins scaled. Appar- ently unique in its dentition. NEATYPUS OBLIQUUS Waite Neatypus obliquus Waitr, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1905, p. 65, pl. 10. Houtman’s Abrolhos.—McCutuocn, Biol. Res. Endeavour, vol. 4, pt. 4, 1916, p. 188 (between Cape Naturaliste and Geraldton, West Australia). D. X, 22; A. III, 18; scales 51 in lateral line. Readily known by its dark oblique bands, 6 in number, sloping down from back and head above posteriorly. Reaches 152 mm. Western Australia. Family MONODACTYLIDAE Palate with teeth. Nostrils double each side. Gill membranes free from isthmus. Branchiostegals 6 or 7. Lower pharyngeals sep- arate. Subocular shelf present. Ribs all sessile, inserted behind transverse processes when these present. Spinous dorsal much reduced. Anal spines 3. Ventrals rudimentary or absent. Shore fishes of Africa, Southern Asia, and Australasia. A few enter tropical rivers. ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA a’. Dorsal-spines 8; scales finely ctenoid_=222+ ~~ _u 2. 22s k see Monodactylus a'., Dorsal spines:5*; scales eycloid _ 22242. s tes ee Schuettea Genus MONODACTYLUS Lacépéde Monodactylus Lackprpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1802, p. 131. Type Monodactylus falciformis LachrbDE, monotypic. Centropodus Lac&php®, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1802, p. 303. Type Scomber rhombeus Forsk4u, monotypic. Acanthopodus LacihpkpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol.-4, 1803, p. 558. Type Chaetodon argenteus LINNAEUS, designated by JorpAN and EVERMANN, Genera of Fishes, pt. 1, 1917, p. 64. Psettus (not Kurtin 1775) (ComMmMEerson) Cuvinr, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 336. Type Scomber rhombeus Forsx&u, designated by JorDAN and EverMann, Genera of Fishes, pt. 1, 1917, p. 64. Stromatoidea CASTELNAU, Mem. Poiss. Afrigq. Australe, 1861, p. 44. Type Stromatoidea layardi CASTELNAU, monotypic. Psettias (JORDAN) JORDAN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, 1905 (1906), p. 236. Type Psettus sebae VALENCIENNES, orthotypic. Body very deep, strongly compressed. Mouth moderate, protrac- tile. Maxillary exposed. Villiform teeth in jaws, on vomer, palatines and tongue. Pseudobranchiae large. Branchiostegals6. Vertebrae 23 or 24 (=9 or 10+14). Air bladder bifurcate behind. Scales very small, ctenoid. Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal elon- gate, thickly scaled, former with 7 or 8 and latter with 3 spines; front spines short and isolated, hind spines elongate, with only tips FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 13 protruding from scaly skin. Ventrals very small or rudimentary, below pectorals. Africa, Southern Asia, and Australia. Three species known, the following and Monodactylus sebae from West Africa. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES a'. Body ovoid, depth 114; silvery, young with 7 or 8 brown vertical streaks. falciformis a®. Body deeply ovoid, depth 14% to 114; silvery, at all ages black ocular band and second from dorsal spines to opercle____....-._-_---_-_=- argenteus » MONODACTYLUS FALCIFORMIS Lacépéde Monodactylus falciformis LackrmpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1801, p. 132; vol. 2, 1800, pl. 5, fig.4. No locality. (On Commprson.)—BARNARD, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 639 (Algoa Bay, Natal, Zululand, Delagoa Bay). Psettus falciformis GiintHoR, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 488 (Red Sea).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 234, pl. 514A, fig. 6 (Madras); Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 180.—Sauvaan, Hist. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 334 (types of Psettus orbicularis)—WEBER, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 10, 1897, p. 142 (Illovo River, Natal).—BouLENGER Cat. Fresh Water Fish Africa, vol. 3, 1915, p. 120 (Red Sea, Mombasa, Durban, Illovo River, Algoa Bay, River Chalumna). Pseitus commersonii Cuvinr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 250. Vanicolo. Stromatoidea layardi CastetNav, Mem. Poiss. Afriq. Australe, 1861, p. 44. Algoa Bay. Psettus orbicularis GuicHENoT, Mém. Soe. Sci. Cherbourg, vol. 12, 1866, p. 136. Madagascar. — Psettus argenteus (part) KuunzinceR, Fisch. Roth. Meer., 1884, p. 117. Psettus falcipinnis BouLENGER, Cat. Fresh Water Fish. Africa, vol. 3, 1915, p. 121, fig. 89 (evidently slip for falciformis). Distinguished from Monodactylus argenteus chiefly by its less deep body contour. Reaches 160 mm. Red Sea, South Africa, India, Vanicolo. MONODACTYLUS ARGENTEUS (Linnaeus) Chaetodon argenteus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 272. In Indies; Amoen. Acad., vol. 4, 1759, p. 249; Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 4611 (Indian Seas).—Gme tin, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1242 (Indian Seas).—Wa.tsaum Arted. Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 441 (on Linnarvs).—Forster, Fauna Indica, 1795, p. 15.—ScuHNnerpErR, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 230 (Indian Seas). Acanthopodus argenteus LackrkpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 558, 559 (Sea of Indies). Psetius argenteus RicHarpson, Voy. Hrebus and Terror, Ichth., 1844-48, p. 57, pl. 35, figs. 1-3 (Sydney).—Ricuarpson, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 246 (Canton and Norfolk Island).—Gitnruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 487 (Moluccas, Amboina, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, Aus- tralia).—KneErR, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 164 (Madras).—Day, Fishes of Malabar, 1865, p. 99.—Puayrair, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1866, p. 64 (Aden and Zanzibar).—Kuunzincer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, . 14 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 20, 1870, p. 794 (Koseir).—Gitnruer, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 5, Heft 11, 1876, p. 140 (Samoa).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 235, pl. 51B, fig. 5—Caste.nav, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 3, 1877, p. 235 (Singapore, Malacca, Brisbane River mouth).—GinruEr, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. 168, 1879, pp. 470, 471 (Rodri- guez).—KLUNZINGER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 80, Heft 1, 1879, p. 379 (Endeavour River, Port Darwin, Port Denison); Fische, Rothes Meer., 1884, p. 117—Mbryzr, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 25 (North Celebes and Macassar).—BouLENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 661 (Muscat).—Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 180, fig. 62.—Kaunv, Great Barrier Reef, 1893, p. 290 (Moreton Bay, Queensland).—OaiLsy, Edible Fishes of New South Wales, 1893, p. 91—HEH.eErRA, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 514 (Luzon, Nasugbu, Batangas, Pasacao, Comarines, Curimao, Ilocos)—WersrEr, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 10, 1897, p. 142 (Cape of Good Hope, Kuysua Lagoon, Illovo River).—Diwncxer, Mitteil. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 21, 1903 (1904), p. 157 (Singapore).—PELuEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 30, 1905 p. 83 (Baie d’Along, Tonkin).—STrernpacuner, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., vol. 71, abth. 1, 1907, p. 144 (Tamarida, South Arabia).—PELLEGRIN, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 13, 1907, p. 203 (Sarodrano, Madagascar).—Ruraan, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 12, pt. 3, 1908, p. 254 (Seychelles).—Zuamayer, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Phys. K1., vol. 26, abth. 6, 1913, p. 13 (Mekran and Oman).— PELLEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 39, 1914, p. 227 (Mahambo and Fort Dauphin, Madagascar).—BouLENGER, Cat. Fresh Water Fish. Africa, vo} 3, 1915, p. 121, fig. 90 (Zanzibar, Zambesi River mouth, Rodriguez).—McCuttocg, Australian Zoologist, vol. 2, pt. 3, Feb. 1922. p. 89, pl. 25, fig. 225a (New South Wales). Monodactyius argentevs BuErKER, Verslag. Mededeel. Kon. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, vol. 2, ser. 2, 1868, p. 291 (Rio, Bintang); Fauna Mada- gascar, Pollen, 1874, p. 65.—Jorpan and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 32 (Cavite)——EvVERMANN and Seats, Bull. Bur. Tish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 71 (Bulan).—JorDAN and RICHARDSON, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 269 (Aparri, Iloilo, Calayan).— McCuttocn, Rep. Fish. Endeavour, vol. 4, pt. 4, Oct. 31, 1916, p. 188 (off Bowen, Queensland, in 16 fathoms); Australian Zool., vol. 2, pt. 3, Feb. 10, 1922, p. 89, fig. 225a (New South Wales).—Fow.Ler and Bran, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, 1922, p. 21 (Cebu).—Fow.eEr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1923, p. 38 (Madagascar); Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 22, 1925, p. 33 (Samoa); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1927, p. 286 (Vigan, Orion).—Barnarp, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 640, pl. 26, fig. 3 (Knysna and Natal). Scomber rhombeus Forsk&u, Descript. Animal., 1775, pp. xii, 58. Djedda, Red Sea.—BonnaTERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 142 (Red Sea).—GmeEtin, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1838 (Red Sea).—Wa.zBavm, Arted. Pisc., vol. 8, 1792, p. 221 (on ForsK&L).—ScuHneEIweER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 34 (Red Sea). Centrogaster rhombeus GMELIN, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1338 (Red Sea) (on Forsk&L).—WatusBavum, Arted. Pisec., vol. 3, 1792, p. 699 (on ForsKAt). Centropodus rhombeus LactpzpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1802, pp. 303, 304 (Red Sea). ; Psettus rhombeus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 245 (Pon- dichery, Mauritius, Massauah, Red Sea); Régne Animal Cuvier, IIl., 1839, FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 15 pl. 42, fig. 2—BurrKker, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 3, 1852, p. 58 (Singapore), p. 690 (Wahai), p. 718 (Tandjong Berikat at Koba, Banka), p. 741 (Boeloekomba); vol. 7, 1854, p. 361 (Batjan); vol. 8, 1855, p. 393 (Amboina); vol. 9, 1855, p. 259 (Siboga); vol. 10, 1856, p. 347 (Rio, Bin- tang); vol. 12, 1856, p. 214 (Nias); vol. 13, 1857, p. 284 (Tjirutjup, Bili- ton); vol. 15, 1858, p. 200 (Goram); vol. 18, 1859, p. 360 (Blinju, Banka); Verh. Batav. Genootsch. (Nal. Ichth. Bengal), vol. 25, 1853, p. 38.— Prerers, Arch. Naturg., 1855, p. 247 (Mozambique).—Burrker, Act. Soc. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 3, 1856, p. 7 (Macassar); vol. 2, No. 7, 1857, p. 5 (Amboina). Monodactylus rhombeus Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849 (1850), p. 1154 (Pinang, Malaysia, Singapore).— BLEExER, Nederland. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 240 (Obi). Depth 1% to 114; head 23% to 3, width 174 to 2. Snout 4 to 444 in head from snout tip; eye 224 to 27%, greater than snout, greater than interorbital in young to equal to interorbital with age; maxil- lary reaches beyond front eye edge, or to front pupil edge in adult, 27% to 31% in head; interorbital 214 to 3, broadly convex. Gill rakers 6+ 22, lanceolate, 114 in gill filaments, which 174 in eye. Tubes 53 to 65 in lateral line to caudal base; 14 or 15 scales above lateral line to soft dorsal origin, 44 or 45 below. Scales with 2 basal radiating striae in young, disappearing with age; about 30 apical denticles in young, largely disappearing with age or becoming very minute and irregular; circuli basal, 42 to 50. D. VIII, 29, 1 to 31, 1, last spine 114 to 3 in total head length, second branched ray 1 to 13%; A. III, 28,1 to 30, 1, third spine 11g to 1%, second branched ray 2 to 314 in combined head and body; least depth of caudal peduncle 224 to 3 in head; caudal emarginate, 214 to 246; pectoral 114 to 1%. Back brown, below whitish, everywhere with brilliant silvery white reflections. Iris pale on silvery white. Fins all pale brownish, soft dorsal and anal lobes dusky brown terminally. In young deep brown band narrow from occiput joining its fellow, then down across middle of eye to cheek, where little wider. Second vertical brown line, usually diffuse from side of predorsal down along hind edge of opercle across pectoral base to anal origin. In very small examples tail contrasted white. Red Sea, Zanzibar, Natal, Mauritius, Rodriguez, Madagascar, India, Ceylon, East Indies, China, Philippines, Queensland, New South Wales, Polynesia. Abundant in collections. According to Day it is silvery with purplish reflections and the back yellowish green, fading leaden. Caudal yellow with black narrow posterior edge and paired fins colorless. In preserved examples we find the dark vertical bands indistinct or absent. 14028. Baganga Bay, Mindanao. May 13, 1908. 5 examples. Length 63 to 175 mm. 16 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 11009 and 11010. Basut River, Luzon, tide-water. June 15, 1909. Length 100 to 117 mm. 16602. Beacon reef, Catbalogan, Samar. April 16, 1908. Length 103 mm. One example. Bulan Island. July 22, 1909. Fifteen examples. Canmahala Bay, in small stream, Ragay Gulf. March 11, 1909. Length 59 to 103 mm. 5525 to 5527. Catbalogan, Samar. April 16, 1908. Length 150 to 185 mm. 10952. Cebu market. August 25, 1909. Length 88 mm. 17027. Galvaney Island, Ragay Gulf, Luzon. March 9, 1909. Length 65 mm. 4603 to 4609. Grande Island reef, Subig Bay. January 8, 1908. Length 165 to 188 mm. 6640. Iloilo market. March 28,1908. Length 122 mm. 5194. Jolo market. March 7, 1908. Length 177 mm. 22555. Manila market. January 13, 1908. Length 70 mm. (caudal broken). 11604. Manila market. March 16,1908. Length 135 mm. 21219 to 21221. Nonucan River, Camp Overton, Mindanao. August 6, 1909. Length 30? to 46 mm. (small example, poor). 7901 and 7902. Mariveles Bay. February 1, 1909. Length 140 to 143 mm. 22001. Nakoda Bay, Palawan. December 31,1908. Length 59 mm. 21986. Near mouth Tayabas River, Luzon. February 25,1909. Length 60mm. 20817. Paluan Bay, Mindoro. December 11, 1908. Length 140 mm. 21282. Panabutan Bay, Mindanao. February 6,1906. Length 75 mm. Seven examples. Port San Pio Quinto, Camiguin Island. November 11, 1908. Length 57 to 66 mm. 8481 to 8483. Port Dupon, Leyte. March 17,1909. Length 95 to 140 mm. 19447. River at Pasacao, Luzon. March 9, 1909. Length 71 mm. 22293 and 22294. River at Port Dupon, Leyte. March 17,1909. Length 65 to 78 mm. 8782, 8783, 21682, 21683. Santiago River, Pagapas Bay, Luzon. February 20, 190S. Length 82 to 98 mm. 11371 and 11372. Sandakan market, Borneo. March 3, 1908. Length 125 to 133 mm. A1175 to A1178. Gane Road, Gillolo Island. December 1, 1909. Length 190 to 205 mm. 12598 U.S.N.M. Seychelles. British Museum. Length 35 to 87 mm. Three examples. 52322 U.S.N.M. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 102 to 197 mm. Four examples. . 56039 U.S.N.M. Bulan, Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries. Length $5 mm. [3594]. 56286 U.S.N.M. Cavite. G.A.Lung. Length 40 mm. Two examples. 59943 U.S.N.M. Clarence River, New South Wales. Dr. D.G. Stead. Length 118 to 128 mm. Three examples. 72172 U.S.N.M. Iloilo, Philippines. R.C. McGregor. Length 75 mm. 72264 U.S.N.M. Calayan, Philippines. R.C. McGregor. Length 47 to 58 mm. Two examples. 84206 U.S.N.M. Cebu, Philippines. Dr. F. Baker. Length 147 mm. Genus SCHUETTEA Steindachner Schuettea STEINDACHNER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 53, 1866, p. 449. Type Schueitea scalaripinnis STEINDACHNER, monotypic. Bramichthys Warrr, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1905, p. 72. Type Bramichthys woodwardi WatrE, monotypic. Differs from Monodactylus in its fewer dorsal spines (5) and cycloid scales. Australia. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 17 SCHUETTEA SCALARIPINNIS Steindachner Schuettea scalaripinnis StEINDACHNER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 53, 1866, p. 449, pl. 6, fig. 1. Port Jackson, Australia. —GitnrTHEr, Zool. Record, 1866, Pisces, p. 141 (note).—McCuttocu, Zool. Res. Endeavour, vol. 1, 1911, p. 81, pl. 15 (Sydney and Bordi); Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 11, No. 7, 1917, p. 181 (note); Australian Zoologist, vol. 2, pt. 3, Feb. 10, 1922, p. 89, pl. 26, fig. 226a (New South Wales). Scorpis boo[p|s Purers, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1866, p. 519. New South Wales. Bramichthys woodwardi Waitxr, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1905, p. 72, pl. 14. Mandurah, Western Australia.—Srrap, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 31, 1906, p. 496. According to McCulloch, reaches 204 mm. Family PLATACIDAE Body rhomboid, deep. Front profile of head steep. Mouth ter- minal, horizontal. Maxillary short, without supplemental bone. Premaxillaries slightly protractile. Jaws with bands of slender, brushlike, pointed, movable teeth. No teeth on palate. Nostrils double. Gill openings lateral, broadly separated from isthmus. Branchiostegals 6 or 7. Air bladder simple. Scales small, ctenoid, densely cover vertical fins. Lateral line present, concurrent with back. One dorsal, spines nearly concealed, generally 3 to 9, short, graduated, rays 28 to 40. Anal spines 3, rays 22 to 30. Caudal peduncle short. Pectoral rays all branched. Ventrals thoracic, well developed, inserted below pectoral base. A single genus in the Indo-Pacific. Genus PLATAX Cuvier Plataz Cuvimr, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 334. Type Chaetodon teira Biocu, designated by JorpAN and EVERMANN, Genera of Fishes, pt. 1, 1917, p. 105. Body greatly compressed and elevated. Snout very short. Mouth small. Teeth setiform, with outer row little enlarged, notched at tips. Preopercle entire. Gili rakers very short. Pseudobranchiae present. Air vessel simple. Pyloric coeca few. Vertebrae 24, of which 14 caudal. Scales 60 to 80. Head scaly laterally. Soft dorsal and anal anteriorly high, with thickened scaly bases. Caudal fin truncate. Pectoral short. Ventral with spine and 5 rays, greatly elongated in young. These fishes conspicuous by their large flat, orbicular bodies, were divided into numerous species by the older writers. This eventuated as they are greatly subject to variations, especially with age. From the study of our materials we have been unable to maintain but two species. 18 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES a, Front profile obtusely angular, angle formed at tip of mandible; scales large, less than 70; soft dorsal and anal rather rounded_------- pinnatus a2. Front profile evenly convex; scales small, 75 or more; soft dorsal and anal with elevated points anteriorly ---_-------------------------- orbicularis PLATAX PINNATUS (Linnaeus) Chaetodon pinnatus LinNaEvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 272. Hast Indies; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 461.—GMELIN, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1241 (India).—W aLBauM, Arted. Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 425 (on LinnaEvs).—Forsrer, Fauna Indiea, 1795, p. 14.—ScHNEIDER, Syst. {chth. Bloch, 1801, p. 230 (India). Platax pinnatus BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., vol. 9, 1877, p. 75, pl. (18) 380, fig. 1, pl. 382 (20), fig. 2 (Singapore, Java, Madura, Celebes, Batjan). Chaetodon teira ForsKau, Descr. Animal., 1775, pp. XII, 60. Lohaja.— Buocx, Naturg. Ausl. Fische, vol. 3, 1787, p. 65, pl. 199 (Arabian and Fast Indian Seas).—GMELIN, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 125 (Arabia and East Indies).—WALBAUM, Arted. Pise., vol. 3, 1792, p. 417 (on ForsKAL).—ForsteEr, Fauna Indica, 1795, p. 15.—Scuneiver, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 222 (Arabia and Tranquebar).—Lacipkpe, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 460, 494 (Arabia).—Suaw and Nopper, Nat. Miscellany, vol. 19, 1807, pl. 800 (Indian Seas). Platax teira Cuvinr, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 334.—RwUprPe.t, Atlas Reise Nérdl. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 68 (Djedda).—Cuvisr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 226 (Malabar) _—Canror, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1150 (Pinang, Malay Peninsula, Singapore).—Prremrs, Arch. Naturg., 1855, p. 247 (Mozambique).—Gin- HER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 492 (Moluccas, Borneo, Ceram, China, Bribé’s Point, Pinang).—Kner, Reise Novara, Fische, pt. 2, 1865, p. 166 (no locality).—BLEEKER, Nederland. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 2, 1865, p. 31 (Manila Bay).—Day, Fishes of Malabar, 1865, p. 101.—PLAYFaIR, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1866, p. 65 (Aden and Zanzibar).—KLUNZINGER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 1870, p. 791 (Koseir) .—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 235, pl. 51B, fig. 4 GUNTHER, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 11, Heft 5, 1876, p. 141 (Pelew Islands). —BLeEkeER, Atlas Ichth., vol. 7, 1877, p. 73, pl. (17) 379, fig. 2 (Sumatra, Batu, Nias, Pinang, Singa- pore, Bintang, Banka, Cocos, Java, Madura, Bawean, Borneo, Celebes, Sumbawa, Timor, Ternate, Batjan, Ceram, Amboina, New Guinea).— KLUNzINGER, Fische Roth. Meer., 1884, p. 118.— MEYER, An. Soc. Espa- fiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 25 (Kordo, Mysore).—BoutL- ENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 661 (Muscat).—Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 182, fig. 63.—SauvacE, Hist. Nat. Madagas- car, Poiss., 1891, p. 280.—KENT, Great Barrier Reef, 1893, p. 290 (Cairns, Queensland).—Evsra, Cat. Faun. Filip., vol. 1, 1895, p. 515 (Luzon, Man- ila, Cebu).—IsHixawa and MaTsuuRA, Prelim. Cat. Fish. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 41.—JorDAN and EvVERMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1902, p. 356 (Hokoto, Formosa; Rikuzen).—Jorpan and Fow er, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1902, p. 526 (Mijako, Tokyo, Kagoshima, Bonin Islands, Okinawa, Kezeu, Formosa).—Dtncxer, Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 21, 1903 (1904), p. 157 (Singapore).—STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. -Naturw. KL, vol. 71, Heft 1, 1907, p. 145 (Scheich Oth- man, South Arabia).—Giucurist and Tuompson, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1908, p. 188 (Natal).—BEAN and Weep, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 598 (Batavia).—ZUGMAYER, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., ne i A a a ak mh Q - ~ / tittle itil ani sal Aa ls kn et a a i a FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 19 Math.-Phys. K1., vol. 26, abth. 6, 1913, p. 13 (Mekran and Oman).— Weber, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische 1913, p. 313 (Amboina).—PELLEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 39, 1914, p. 227 (Mahambo, Madagascar).— McCutrocs, Austral. Zool., vol. 2, pt. 3, Feb. 10, 1922, p. 90, pl. 27 (New South Wales). Chetodon daakar BONNATERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 81, pls. 95 and 389. Red Sea. Chaetodon arthriticus Brut, Philos. Trans. London, 1793, p. 8, pl. 6. Sumatra. Platax arthriticus Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 229 (Java).— Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1151 (Pinang, Singapore).—Ginrurr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 491 (Amboina, Pinang).—Sauvaag, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 277. Plaiax leschenaldi Cuvinr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 223. New Guinea, Pondichery. Platax leschenaulti Sauvaae, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 282. Platax batavianus Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 225. Batavia.— Kner, Reise Novara, Fische, pt. 2, 1865, p. 165 (Singapore).—BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néerland., vol. 9, 1877, p. 76, pl. (19) 381, figs. 1-2 (Suma- tra, Nias, Pinang, Singapore, Bintang, Banka, Biliton, Java, Duizend Islands, Celebes, Solor, Ternate, Amboina, Waigiu). Platax bataviensis Sauvaan, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 278. Piaiax punctulatus Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 228. Timor. Plaiax vespertilio japonicus ScHLEGEL, Faun. Japonica, Poiss., dec. 10-14, 1846, p. 183, pl. 43. Nagasaki. Platax zanthopus BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 1, 1850, p. 105. Batavia. Plataxz gampret BuerKer, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 1, 1850, p. 105. Batavia, Sumanap. Platax boersii Bupnxer, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 3, 1852, p. 758. Macassar. Chaetodon setosus Gray, Cat. Fish. Gronow, vol. 2, 1854, p.76. ‘American Ocean.”’ Platax anagou THIOLLIbRE, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 170. Woodlark Island. Plataz melanosoma BuEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland. (Amboina), vol. 8, 1860, p. 10. Amboina; Atlas Ichth., vol. 9, 1877, p. 75, pl. (18) 380, fig. 4 (type; young). Platax marginatus (VAN Hassett) Buenxer, Atlas Ichth., vol. 9, 1877, p. 76 (name in synonymy). Platax fuscus (Kuuu and Van Hassett) BurEexer, Atlas Ichth., vol. 9, 1877, p. 76 (name in synonymy). Platax orbicularis (not ForsK&u) Jorpan and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 25, 1905 (1906), p. 335 (Samoa).—KrnpaLy and GOLDSBOROUGH, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 36, No. 7, 1911, p. 306 (Bora Bora). Platazx vespertilio (not Buocu) BARNARD, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 606 (Mozambique). Depth 1, to 11%; head 3, width 1% to 2. Snout 14 to 2; eye 3% to 414, 124 to 214 in snout, 1,5 to 124 in interorbital; teeth in 8 to 10 irregular series in jaws, forming broad bands, only outer or outer 2 series tridentate and these with lateral cusps small, low and incon- spicuous; all other teeth slender and simple conic points; maxillary not reaching eye, only opposite hind nostril, 314 to 33% in head; inter- orbital 244 to 3, broadly convex. Gill rakers 9+ 10, short, tubercles. 20 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Scales 67 to 69 in lateral line to caudal base; tubes 45 to 57 in lateral line to caudal base; 20 to 22 scales above arch of lateral line to soft dorsal origin, 47 to 50 scales below to anal origin. Scales with 1 to 6 basa] radiating striae; no apical denticles; circuli moderately fine. D. V, 36, 1 or 37,1, fifth spine 134 in head to 234 in combined head and body in young, second branched ray 1 to 3; A. III, 25,1 to 27, 1, third spine 24% to 2% in head, second ray 114 in combined head and body in young, 14% in head in adult; caudal truncate in young, hind edge little concave with age, 274 to 3% in combined head and body; least depth of caudal peduncle 2 to 21% in head; pectoral 1144 to 1144; ventral 1°/; to 244 in combined head and body. Brownish generally, little paler below, and whole body with pale turquoise to heliotrope purple reflections. Broad brown band wide as eye, from occiput to breast. Second broad brown band, little broader than first, from spinous dorsal until close behind ventral base. Sometimes traces of obscure brown band on tail close before caudal peduncle. Bands all rather obsolete or indistinct with age. Fins all pale brownish, hind edges of soft vertical fins usually edged with dark brown, borders variably broad or narrow and with age less distinctly defined from paler general color of fins. Pectorals pale. Ventrals dusky to blackish. Iris brownish. Red Sea, Zanzibar, India, East Indies, China, Japan, Philippines, Melanesia, Micronesia. 8959. Between Paron Point and Jesus Point, Luzon. June 21, 1909. Length 345 mm. 8094. Burias Island, Alimango Bay. March 5, 1909. Length 190 mm. A583. Busbus Point, Siasi. September 20, 1909. Length 145 mm. Hind caudal edge, banded white. 14187 to 14189. Cebu market. August 24, 1909. Length 44 to 70 mm. One example. Cebu market. August 27, 1909. Length 40 mm. 21653. Cebu market. August 28, 1908. Length 35 to65mm. Two examples. 9376. Cebu market. August 29, 1909. Length 338 mm. 17892 and 17893. Cebu market. September 5, 1909. Length 53 to 58 mm. A1543. Doe Can Island. January 7, 1910. Length 365 mm. 8401. Giant River, Port Dupon, Leyte Island. March 16, 1909. Length 190 mm. A482 and A483. Lampinigan Island. September 11, 1909. Length 190 to 260 mm. Broken orange stripe before dorsal to snout, in smaller example follows only on nape, with spot or two on snout and forehead. One example [1666]. Maculabo Island. June 13, 1909. Length 35 mm. 9354. Murcielagos Bay, Mindanao. April 21, 1909. Length 185 mm. 7255 and 7256. Port Matalvi, Luzon. November 23, 1908. Length 315 to 368 mm. Three examples. ([721.] 8476. Rasa Island. April 1, 1909. Length 205 mm. 8478. River at Port Dupon, Leyte Island. March 17,1909. Length 75 mm. 19286. Rohanga Calledini. Length 47 mm. 5037. Sitanki wharf. February 27, 1908. Length 180 mm. (D. 5561). Teomabal Island. September 19, 1909. Length 16 mm. 6003. Zamboanga market. May 27,1908. Length 145 mm. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 21] 4342 (tin tag). Length 145 mm. (Station 5066.) A1370. Basa Island, Gulf of Boni, Celebes. December 17, 1909. Length 273 mm. Dusky bar from front of dorsal through shoulder to pectoral base and another from nape down through eye. Fins more or less yellowish, dorsal and anal with blackish vertical edges. Caudal tip yellow, with broad submarginal, blackish bar. Pectoral bright yellow, except basally. Ventrals largely black. A863. Limbe Strait, Celebes. November 10,1909. Length 321 mm. 5064. Sandakan, Borneo. February 29, 1908. Length 170 mm. 32702 U.S.N.M. Indian Archipelago. Roy. Museum of Leiden. Length 243 mim. 43901 U.S.N.M. Mauritius. Colonel Nicholas Pike. Length 110 to 123 mm. Six examples. 52498 U.S.N.M. Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 138 mm. As Platax orbicularis. 65982 U.S.N.M. Bora Bora, Society Islands. Length 38 mm. As Platazx orbi- cularis. 72586 U.S.N.M. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Length 193 to 208 mm. Two examples. Possibly Platax novemaculeatus McCulloch! is an extreme varia- tion of the present species. It is surely with the same physiognomy. The presence of 9 dorsal spines may not be specific, as Platax batav- ianus Bleeker was supposed to differ from Platax pinnatus in hav- ing 7 dorsal spines, or 2 more than in the latter. Barnard thinks P. novemaculeatus may be a Chaetodipterus. PLATAX ORBICULARIS (Forskal) Chaetodon orbicularis ForsxAu, Descript. Animal., 1775, pp. xii, 59. Djedda, Red Sea.—Gme in Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1265 (Arabia).—WatsBaum, Arted. Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 440 (on ForsKAL).— ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 231 (Arabia). Chetodon orbicularis BONNATERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 80 (Red Sea). Acanthinion orbicularis Lachrbpn, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1803, pp. 499, 500 (Arabia). Platax orbicularis Rtipreti, Atlas Reise Nérdl. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 67, pl. 18, fig. 83 (Red Sea).—Cuvimr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 232 (Djedda).—Gitnruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 490 (Port Essington).—KuunzinGcEr, Verh. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 1870, p. 793 (Koseir).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 218.—GwunrTuHER, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 11, Heft 5, 1876, p. 140 (Society and Samoa Islands).—Meyrr, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 25 (Macassar, Celebes).—Kernt, Great Barrier Reef, 1893, p. 290 (Bowen to Thursday Island, Queensland).—Fowusr, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1904, p. 544 (Padang).—JorpAN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 32 (Iloilo)—EvERMANN and Seas, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 26, 1906, p. 97 (Jolo).—SEaLE and BEAn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 246 (Zamboanga).—JoRDAN and RicHarpson, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 268 (Ticao and Cagayancillo).—Sate, Phillipine Journ. Sci., vol. 5, No. 4, 1910, p. 283 (Sandakan, Borneo).—WezskER, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische 1913, p. 313 (Menado, West Ceram, Tual).—Fow.er, Copeia, No. 58, June 18, 1918, 1 Biol. Res. Fish. Endeavour, vol. 4, pt. 4, 1916, p. 188, pl. 55, fig.1. Off Bowen, Queensland, in 19 to 35 fathoms. 91469—29——_3 22 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM p. 64 (Philippines) Herre and Monra.san, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, Sep. 1927, p. 105, pl. 24 (Manila, Monja Island, Hamilo, Nasugbu, San Miguel Bay, Cabusao, Calapan, Concepcion, Culion, Estancia, Dumangas, Guimaras, Dulag, Tacloban, Inabunga, Puerta Princesa, Butuan, Agusan River, Balabac, Caldera Bay, Tubigan, Jolo, Sibutu, Sitanki; Sandakan). Chaetodon vespertilio Buocu, Naturg. Ausl. Fische, vol. 3, 1787, p. 67, pl. 199. East Indies —GmeEtin, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1257, (India).—Wa.BavuM, Arted. Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 426 (copied).—ForsTER, Fauna Indica, 1795, p. 15.—ScuneErpEr, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 228 (Tranquebar).—Lacthphpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 459, 490 (Japan). Chetodon vespertilio BONNATERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 81, pl. 95, fig. 388. Platax vespertilio Cuvinr, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 334.—RUppPELL, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 43 (Red Sea).—BENNETT, Fishes of Ceylon, 1830, pl. 5 (Ceylon).—Canror, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1148 (Malay Peninsula, Pinang, Singapore).—Pxtmrs, Arch. Naturg., 1855, p. 247 (Mozambi- que).—GitntTHer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1861, p. 489 (Amboina, Singapore, Pinang, Philippines, China)—Puayrair, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1866, p. 64 (Aden and Zanzibar).—KuunzincER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 1870, p. 792 (Koseir).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 236, pl. 5a, fig. 5 (Andamans).—Prrers, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876, p. 440 (Mauritius)—CasreLnav, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 2, 1877, p. 235 (Cardwell).—BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., vol. 9, 1877, p. 74, pl. (17) 379, fig. 1, pl. 380 (18), figs. 2-3 (Sumatra, Batu, Nias, Pinang, Singapore, Bintang, Banka, Cocos, Java, Madura, Bawean, Bali, Celebes, Sangi, Solor, Ternate, Batjan, Buru, Obi major, Ceram, Ambonia, Goram, Waigiu, New Guinea, Philippines).—Kuun- ZINGER, Fische Roth. Meer., 1884, p. 118.—Meyer, An. Soc. Espafiola Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 25 (Manado, Celebes, Cebu, My- sore).—BovuLENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 661 (Muscat).— Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 183.—Sauvacs, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 272.— ELmra, Cat. Fauna Filip., vol. 1, 1895, p. 515 (Cebu).—SrernpacuneEr, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., vol. 25, 1900, p. 421 (Ternate)—Fowurr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1903, p. 161 (Zanzibar); Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12 (2), 1904, p. 544 (Padang).— Witter, Spolia Zeylon., vol. 2, 1904, p. 51, fig. (mimicking dead leaf).—ZuemayeER, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys.-K1., vol. 26, abth. 6, 1913, p. 13 (Oman).—FowLEr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1923, p. 42 (Madagascar). Chaetodon pentacanthus Lackehpn, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 454, 473, pl. 11, fig. 2. ‘‘Le grand Océan”’ (Indo-Pacific). Platax pentacanthus Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 235 (Mau- ritius). : Platax albipunctatus Ripret., Atlas Reise Nérdl. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 69, pl. 18, fig. 4. Massuah (Young). Platax gaimardi Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 216. New Guinea. Platax raynaldi Cuvirr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 219. West coast of Ceylon, Pondichery, Malacca. Platax ehrenbergii Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 221. Lohaja, Massuah, Ceylon, Mauritius.—RicHarpson, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 245 (China). FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 2a Platax blochii Cuvimr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 222. Mauritius, Pondichery, New Guinea. Platax guttulatus Cuvimr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 227, pl. 186. Mauritius (Young). Platax teira (not ForskAL) FowierR and Baran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, 1922, p. 55 (Zamboanga).—BaRnarp, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 605, pl. 31, fig. 6 (Natal, Delagoa Bay, Mozambique). Depth 1 to 1, slightly greater than body in very young; head 3 to 34, width 124 to 144. Snout 2% to 244; eye 2% to 44, 1K tol% in snout, 144 to 1% in interorbital; teeth in broad bands in jaws, in about 8 irregular series, outer 3 or 4 series tridentate and others simple and conic; maxillary reaches opposite eye, 3% to 3% in head; interorbital broadly convex, 24% to 214. Gill rakers 247, short, strong, conic. Scales 76 to 80 in lateral line to caudal base; tubes 50 to 75 in lateral line to caudal base; 24 or 25 scales above lateral line at top of arch to origin of soft dorsal, 44 to 46 below to anal origin. Scales with 3 or 4 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 22 to 30, with 5 or 6 transverse series of basal elements; circuli fine. D. V, 32, 1 or 33, 1, fifth spine 14% to 2 in head, second ray nearly equals combined head and body in young, 324 in same in adult; A. III, 25, 1 to 26, 1, third spine 2 to 234 in head, second branched ray 124 in combined head and body in young, 414 in same in adult; cau- dal slightly emarginate, hind edge double concave with age, 22% to 34%; least depth of caudal peduncle 2 to 2'/,) in head; pectoral 114 to 144; ventral 14% to 344 in combined head and body. Brownish generally, little paler on ventral surface of head and belly. In young general color more whitish and with silvered reflec- tions, especially on lower side. Also broad deeper brown band nearly as wide as eye, from occiput to breast, includes eye in its course. Second band usually much paler, from dorsal spines to include pec- toral base and space immediately behind ventral base. Sometimes obscure third band includes soft dorsal posteriorly and most of anal. With age almost all vertical bands obsolete or indistinct. Vertical fins largely like body color. Pectorals little paler and ventrals dusky to neutral brown, mostly dark in contrast. Iris more or less brownish. Red Sea, Zanzibar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Reunion, Madagas- car, Seychelles, India, East Indies, China, Philippines, Queensland, Polynesia. 8163 and 8154. Alibijaban Island, Ragay Gulf, Luzon. March 6, 1909. Length 203 to 256 mm. Dusky silvery without dusky or blackish bars. Fins fading to olive yellow. Vertical edge of dorsal, caudal tip, entire anal edge, ventrals and pectoral bases dark, almost black. 8797. Butauanan Island. June 12, 1909. Length 170 mm. 5363. Cebu market. April 5, 1908. Length 115 mm. 11761. Iloilo market. January 2, 1908. Length 55 mm. 5303. Iloilo, Panay. March 28, 1908. Length 465 mm. 24. BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM A493 and A494. Lampinigan Island. September 11, 1909. Length 233 to 258 mm. 4512 and 4513, 10520 and 10521. Manila market. December 12, 1907. Length 73 to 110 mm. 6150. Mansalay, Mindoro. June 4, 1908. Length 369 mm. 7898. Mariveles Bay. January 30, 1909. Length 435 mm. 9229. Opol, Mindanao. August 4, 1909. Length 197 mm. 5904. Polloc, Mindanao. May 22, 1908. Length 190 mm. 5038. Sitanki wharf. February 27, 1908. Length 154 mm. 6002. Zamboanga. May 27, 1908. Length 400 mm. A609. Singaan Island. September 21, 1909. Length 250 mm. A743. Sipadan Island. September 28, 1909. Length 421 mm. Olive, with overshade of yellow. No crossbars except slightly darker shade from angle of gill opening downward through pectoral base. Fins bright yellow terminally except entirely black ventrals. Dorsal with vertical edge blackish. Caudal dusky at tip. Anal with blackish front extending horizontally across fin somewhat broader than pupil, vertical edge beyond blackish. A1371. Basa Island, Gulf of Boni, Celebes. December 17, 1909. Length 331mm. Dusky bar from nape through eye. No shoulder bar. Caudal not tipped yellow, dusky edge narrow. Fins without bright yellow. A950. Dodepo and Pasejogo Islands. November 16, 1909. Length 157 mm. 56011 U.S.N.M. Jolo, Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 165 mm. [4158.] 57930 U.S.N.M. Zamboanga, Philippines. Dr. E. A. Mearns. Length 48 mm. 72168 U.S.N.M. Cagayancillo, Philippines. R.C. McGregor. Length 34 mm. 84208 U.S.N.M. Philippines. Dr. F. Baker. Length 118 mm. 84262 U.S.N.M. Zamboanga. Dr. F. Baker. Length128mm. As Plataz teira. Family EPHIPPIDAE Body deep, usually greatly elevated, compressed. Caudal pe- duncle short. Head deep, front profile steep. Mouth small, terminal, horizontal. Premaxillaries protractile. Maxillary partly slips under narrow preorbital. No supplemental maxillary. Jaws with bands of slender, pointed, movable, brush-like teeth. Palate toothless. Nostrils double. Preopercle very finely serrated or entire. Gill membranes broadly united to isthmus, openings lateral. Gull rakers very short. Pseudobranchiae present. Branchiostegals 6 or 7. Subocular shelf wide or feeble. Occipital crest elevated. No pari- etal crests. Vertebrae 24, of which 14 caudal, precaudals with para- pophyses from fourth. Ribs, except last 2 pairs, sessile. Post- temporal bifurcate, not joined to skull. Air vessel large, usually bifurcate in front, with 2 slender horns behind. Pyloric appendages few. Scales moderate or small, ctenoid, densely covering soft parts of vertical fins. Large accessory ventral scale. Lateral line present, concurrent with profile of back. Dorsal spines 7 to 11, depressible in groove. Soft dorsal and anal high in front. Anal spines 3 or 4, short. Caudal truncate or double concave, with 17 principal rays. Pectorals short, all rays branched. Ventrals thoracic, with spine and 5 rays, sometimes rudimentary. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 25 Shore fishes mostly of large size, living in warm seas and often valued as food. Genera about 5, of which only one confined to the Atlantic. ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA a'!, EpHIPPINAE. Snout about as long as eye; scales large, about 40 or more; third to fifth dorsal spines prolonged filaments; pectoral shorter than nea de sase— a Oe a pee ee Ree ee ts I ee a Ephippus a?, DREPANINAE. Snout longer than eye; scales small, about 50 or more in lateral line; dorsal spines moderate, not filamentous terminally; pectoral WAGES Sel On) Beet CaCl eee be pare ee ec ee ak Ie ty Pas Drepane Genus EPHIPPUS Cuvier Ephippus Cuvier, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 335. Type Chactodon orbis Buocu, designated by JorDAN and Evrermann, Genera of Fishes, pt. 1, 1917, p. 105. Ilarches Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fishes), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1142. Type Chaetodon orbis Buiocn, virtually (as Ilarches Cantor proposed to replace Ephippus Cuvier). Differs from Drepane chiefly in the third to fifth dorsal spines elongated, filiform terminally, especially third. It also differs in the short pectoral, which shorter than the head, while in Drepane the long pectoral is twice as long as the head and nearly reaches the caudal base. EPHIPPUS ORBIS (Bloch) Chaetodon orbis Buocu, Naturg. Ausl. Fische, vol. 3, 1787, p. 81, pl. 202, fig. 2. Hast Indies.—Gmertin, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1244 (India).—WaxsavM, Arted. Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 410 (on Buocu).— Forster, Fauna Indica, 1795, p. 15.—ScuneripeEr, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 282 (Tranquebar).—LactrkpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 458, 459 (East Indies). Chetodon orbis BONNATERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 84, pl. 95, fig. 390 (Hast Indies). Ephippus orbis Cuvinr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 127 (Pondichery, Malabar, East Indies).—Guf&rin, Régne Animal Cuvier, vol. 1, 1829-44, pl. 22, fig. 2; vol. 3, Poiss., p. 18 (Tranquebar, Malabar, East Indies).— RicHARDSON, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 245 (China).—Gunru_er, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 62 (Sumatra and Ceylon).—Day, Fishes of Malabar, 1865, p. 35; Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 115, pl. 29, fig. 4.—MartTENs, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, 1876, p. 388 (Bangkok, Siam).— Buieeker, Atlas Ichth., vol. 9, 1877, p. 20, pl. (3) 365, fig. 5 (Sumatra, Pinang, Singapore, Banka, Java).—K rou, Termesz. Fiizetek, Budapest, vol. 5, 1881, p. 156 (Singapore).—Day, Fauna British India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 20, fig. 7—PrELLEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 30, 1905, p. 84 (Baie d’Along, Tonkin).—Sratz, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 5, No. 4, 1910, p. 282 (Sandakan, Borneo).—Jounstronr, Rep. Pearl Fisher. Ceylon, vol. 2, 1914, p. 220 (off Aripu).—Herre and Monrapan, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, Sep. 1927, p. 11, pl. 2, fig, 1 (Sandakan, Borneo). Ilarches crbis Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1142 (Pinang, Malay Peninsula, Singapore).—JorDAN and EvERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1903, p. 356 (Formosa).— 26 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Fow.er, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1904, p. 544 (Padang, Sumatra). Chaetodipterus orbis BARNARD, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 604, pl. 26, fig. 5 (Natal). Ephippus melanopus BLEEKER, Nat. Geneesk. Arch. Nederland. Ind. (Topog. Batavia), vol. 2, 1845, p. 520. Batavia. Depth 114; head 316 to 314, width 134. Snout 2% to 2% in head; eye 234 to 24%, equals snout, slightly greater or equal to inter- orbital; maxillary not quite reaching opposite front of eye, 334 in head; interorbital 244 to 27%, broadly convex. Gill rakers 2+8, short points, about 1% of gill filaments, which 1/4 in eye. Scales 37 or 38 in lateral line to caudal base; 7 scales above lat- eral line, 16 below. Cheek with 4 or 5 rows of scales to preopercle ridge. Scales with 5 to 11 basal, radiating striae; apically 6 or 7 parallel! submarginal striae, but not spinulose though irregularly segmented; circuli fine. D. VIII, 19, 1, second spine 2 to 24 in combined head and body, third ray 114 to 14% in head; A. III, 15,1, third spine 3, second ray 12% to 13; least depth of caudal peduncle 214 to 24; caudal 1 to 1%, hind edge slightly double concave; pectoral 134 to 1%; ventral 1. Pale brown, sides and below with pale leaden silvery tinge. Fins all pale. Iris pale. Natal, India, Andamans, Ceylon, East Indies, Formosa. Accord- ing to Day it reaches 155 mm. He describes the back and head erayish-green, sides and abdomen silvery shot with pink. Fim mem- branes diaphanous finely dotted with black, especially terminally and rays bluish-white. He also notes the young have a dark gray orbital band, another over the nape, 2 over the body and fins edged gray. We have received but few specimens. 5127 and 17909. Sandakan market, Borneo. March 4, 1908. Length 120 to 125 mm. Genus DREPANE Cuvier Drepane Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 129. Type Chaetodon punctatus LINNAEUS, designated by JonpAN and EvERMANN, Genera of Fishes, pt. 1, 1917, p. 136. Drepanichthys Bonaparte, Isis, 1838, p. 1207. Type Chaetodon punctatus LINNAEUS, virtually (as Drepanichthys BONAPARTE proposed to replace Drepane Cuvi&R). Enize Gistey, Naturg. Thierr., 1848, p. rx. Type Chaetodon punctatus LINNAEUS, Virtually (as Hnixe GisTteEL proposed to replace Drepane Cuvinr). Harpochirus Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1144. Type Chaetodon punctatus LINNAEUS, monotypic. Cryptosmilia Corn, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, vol. 13, 1866 (1869), p. 401. Type Cryptosmilia luna Corn, monotypic. i i cat cat ts eh Pe ee Ce ee ee ee a let a aa al FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 2 Body greatly elevated and compressed. Snout short. Palate eden- tulous. Preopercle spineless. Pseudobranchiae present. Branchi- ostegals 6. Pyloric appendages few. Scales moderate. Antrorse, concealed predorsal spine, other spines 8 or 9, like 3 of anal, depres- sible in basal groove. Pectoral long, falcate. One species widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific and along the shores of West Africa in the Eastern Atlantic. DREPANE PUNCTATA (Linnaeus) Chaetodon punctatus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 273. Asia; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 461.—Gmetin, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1243.—WatsBavum, Arted. Pisc., vol. 3 1792, p. 443 (on LINNAEUS).—ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 231 (copied). Drepane punctata Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 182, pl. 179 (Malabar, Java, New Guinea, China, Australia, Canton, Endeavour Strait).—Ricuarpson, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 244 (China).— GintTueEr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 62 (Ceylon and Java).— Day, Fishes of Malabar, 1865, p. 36.—itnEerR, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 107 (Ceylon and Java).—PrtTrrs, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1868, p. 257 (Singapore).—ScHMELTz, Mus. Godeffroy Cat., vol. 4, 1869, p. 15 (East Indies, Fort Mackay, Rockhampton).—GinrueEerR, Journ. Mus, Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 55 (copied).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, -p. 116, pl. 29, fig. 5—Marrens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, 1876, p. 388 (Singapore, and Batjan)—Kuunzinamr. Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 80, Heft 1, 1879, p. 363 (Port Philip, Endeavour River, Cleveland Bay, and Port Darwin, Queensland).—KArou1, Termesz. Fiize- tek, Budapest, vol. 5, 1881, p. 156 (Sarangoon, Canton, Palaboen).— Meyer, An. Soc. Espanola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. i4, 1885, p. 18 (Manado, Celebes).—BouLencEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 657 (Muscat).—Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 21, fig. 8.—Kurnrv, Great Barrier Reef, 1893, p. 284 (369), pl. 44, fig. 3 (Port Darwin, Queens- land).—E vera, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 490 (Luzon, Manila Bay, Mindoro).—Dtncksr, Mitteil. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 21, 1903 (1904), p. 152 (Kuala Klang, Kuala Lumpur).—Reg«ean, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, pt. 2, 1905, p. 330 (Persian Gulf).—JorpDAN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 33 (Cavite).—STEIN- DACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., vol. 71, Abth. 1, 1907, p. 139 (Gischin, southern Arabia).—Jorpawn and RicHaRD- SON, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 268 (Manila and Lubang).— Reaan, Ann. Durban Mus., 1908, p. 246 (Durban Bay).—GrucuHrist and Tuompson, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1908, p. 162 (Natal).— SEALE, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 5, No. 4, 1910, p. 282 (Sandakan, North Borneo).—WepskEr, Siboga Exped., vol. 57, 1918, p. 314 (Macas- sar).—ZuemMayeEr, Abhand. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Phys. K1., vol. 26, abth. 6, 1918, p. 11 (Mekran and Oman).—PELLEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 39, 1914, p. 227 (Fort Dauphin, Madagascar).—McCuttocn, Biol. Res. Endeavour, vol. 4, pt. 1, Oct. 31, 1916, p. 190 (off Bowen, Queensland, in 16 fathoms).—FowteEr, Copeia, No. 58, June 18, 1918, p. 64 (Philippines); Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 30, No. 2, 1925, x. 321 (Tuticorin, India); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1925, p. 251 (Delagoa Bay and Natal); Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., Nov. 1926, p. 11 (Bombay).—LE Lg, Journ. Proc. Asait. Soc. Bengal, new ser., vol, 20, 1924, No. 6 (Nov. 1925), p. 285, pl. 12, fig. 1 (structural details and 28 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM figures).—Herrre and Montaxsan, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, Sept. 1927, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 1 (Manila Bay, Malabon, San Miguel Bay, Tacligan, Mangarin, Ioilo, Bantayan Island, Catbalogan, Samar, Misamis, Davao; Hoihow; Hongkong; Sandakan).—Fow.uerr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1927, p. 286 (Orani, Orion, Philippines)—Barnarp, Ann. South Afric, Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 601, pl. 26, fig. 2 (Natal, Delagoa Bay, Chinde). Drepane punctatus ALLEYNE and Macugay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 1, 1876, p. 277 (Cape York). Harpochirus punctatus CANTOR, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1144 (Pinang, Malay Peninsula, Singapore).— BuEEKER, Nederl. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 2, 1865, p. 173 (Siam); Atlas Ichth., vol. 9, 1877, p. 19, pl (3)365, fig. 4 (Sumatra, Nias, Pinang, Singapore, Bintang, Banka, Java, Madura, Bali, Borneo, Celebes, Halmaheira, Batjan, Buru, Amboina, Waigiu, New Guinea, Philippines). Chaetodon longimanus ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 229. Tran- quebar. Drepane longimana Cuvisr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 133 (Pondich- ery, Mahé, Java).—RicHarpson, Ichth. China, Japan, 1846, p. 245 (Can- ton).—Perters, Arch. Naturg., 1855, p. 280 (Daman, Malabar).—Lr te, Journ. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new ser., vol. 20, 1924, No. 6 (Nov. 1925), p. 286, pl. 12, fig. 2 (structural details and figures).—HERRE and MonTALBAN, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, Sep. 1927, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 2 (Estancfa and Barotac Nuevo, Panay). Harpochirus longimanus Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay. Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1145 (Pinang, Malay Peninsula, Singa- pore).—Fow ter, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12, ser. 2, 1904, p. 544, pl. 23, upper fig. (Padang).—Fow.sr and Bran, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, 1922, p. 54 (Takao). Drepane punciata var. longimana PELLEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 39, 1914, p. 227 (Nossi Bé, Madagascar). Chaetodon falcatus LackrkpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 452, 471. Asia. Ephippus terla Cuvier, Régne Animal, vol. 2, ed. 2, 1829, p. 191 (on Chaeto- don terla RussELL, Fishes of Coromandel, vol. 1, 1803, p. 64, fig. 81, Viza- gapatam and Madras). Cryptosmilia luna Corr, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, vol. 13, 1866 (1869), p. 401. Cape Palmas, Liberia. Drepane punctata var. africana Osorio, Journ. Sci. Acad. Lisboa, vol, 2, ser. 2, 1892, p. 207. Rolas Island, West Africa. Drepane punctata var. octofasciata PELLEGRIN, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. 60, 1905, p. 51, fig. Mauritania coast. Depth 1% to 11%; head 22% to 3, width 1% to 214. Snout 2% to 27% in head; eye 22 to 4, 1 to 124 in snout, greater than interorbital in young to equal to interorbital with age; maxillary reaches opposite front pupil edge, 244 to 3 in head; interorbital 34 to 4, broadly convex. Gill rakers 5+10, lanceolate, 14 of gill filaments, which 144 in eye. Tubes 46 to 50 in lateral line to caudal base; 14 or 15 scales above lateral line, 33 to 35 below. Scales with 5 or 6 basal radiating striae; circuli fine. ail ll FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 29 D. VIII or IX, 20, 1 to 22, 1, fourth spine 126 to 136 im head, seventh ray 1144 to 114; A. III, 17, 1 to 19, 1, second spine 2% to 334, second ray 114 to 114; least depth of caudal peduncle 21 to 234; caudal broadly angular behind, median rays longest 1 to 114; pecto- ral 124 to 124 in combined head and body; ventral 21 to 3. Silvery white, back with light leaden tinge. Sometimes with 6 deeper leaden variably diffuse vertical bands, with alternating nar- rower ones in interspaces. On body sometimes vertical series of rather sparse dusky brown small vertical bars or spots. Soft dorsal and anal more or less grayish marginally, sometimes as brownish streaks on soft dorsal membranes marginally. Iris silvery white. Red Sea, India, Ceylon, East Indies, Philippines, China, Queens- land, Polynesia. Also in the Atlantic at West Africa. According to Lele reaches 380 mm. ‘The pale vertically banded form, without dark spots does not seem distinct specifically. Two examples. Abuyog, Leyte. July 26,1909. Length 35 to 37 mm. Two examples. Buena Vista, Guimaras Island, mouth of river. January 14 1909. Length 51 to 55 mm. 12076. Cauti market. December 1, 1908. Length 130 mm. 19727. Davao, Mindanao. May 16,1908. Length30to42mm. Five examples. 4941. Iloilo market. March 29,1908. Length 62 mm. Three examples. Manila Bay. December 6, 1909. Length 44 to 63 mm. 4514. Manila market. December 12,1907. Length 148 mm. 7633. Mouth of Malampaya River. December 26, 1908. Length 155 mm. 24131. Port San Vincent. November 18,1908. Length 35 mm. 8525. Verde del Sur Island. April 6,1909. Two examples. Length 135 mm., 4115, 4116, 4118, 4119, 4120. West side San Miguel Bay. June 14,1909. Length 103 to 124 mm. 5068. Sandakan, Borneo. February 29,1908. Length 180 mm. 17910. Sandakan. March 4, 1908. Length 106 mm. One example. Sandakan Bay. March 2,1908. Length 55 mm. 56327 U.S.N.M. Cavite, Philippines. G. A. Lung. Length 162 to 178 mm. Two examples. 72217 U.S.N.M. Lubang, Philippines. R.C. McGregor. Length 90 mm. 72584 and 72585 U.S.N.M. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Length 90 to 164 mm. Family TOXOTIDAE Body oblong ovate, head and trunk constricted below. Head strongly pointed. Mouth very protractile. Maxillary narrow. Teeth small, simple and acute in jaws, also on palate. Nostrils double on each side of snout. Gills 4, slit behind fourth. Guill mem- branes free fromisthmus. Pseudobranchiae present. Branchiostegals 7. Lower pharyngeals separate. Nosubocularshelf. Entopterygoid present. Ribs sessile, behind parapophyses which begin from third vertebra. Vertebrae 24, of which 14 caudal. Scales ctenoid. Ver- tical fins densely scaled. Lateral line conspicuous. Dorsal and anal opposite, in posterior half of body. Dorsal spines 4 to 6, continuous with short rays. Anal spines 3. 30 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Genus TOXOTES Cuvier Toxotes CuvimR, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 338. Type Sciaena jaculatrix PaLLAs, monotypic. Trompe GistEL, Naturg. Thierr., 1844, pp. x1, 109. Type Sciaena jaculatrix Pauuas (virtually, as Trompe GisTEL proposed to replace Toxotes CuvIER). Amblytoxotes BLEEKER, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., vol. 11, 1876, p. 311. Type Toxotes squamosus Hutton, orthotypic. Body rather deep and compressed. Head conic, flattened above. Eye large. Mouth large, terminal, protractile. Lower jaw protrudes. Maxillary very slender, without supplemental bone. Fine teeth pluriserial in jaws, on palate, pterygoids and tongue. Preopercle denticulate. Scales 20 to 40 in lateral series. Head scaled. Dorsal spines 4 to 6, rays 11 to 14. Anal spines 3, rays 12 to 18. Called the archer fishes as they are said to shoot insects alighting near the water, with drops of water expelled from the mouth. A single genus, with 6 species in the fresh waters and along the coasts of India, the Andamans, Burma, Siam, Malaya, the East Indies, Philippines, north Australia, New Zealand, and Polynesia. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES a’, Toxotes. Scales large, 22 to 48 in lateral series; spinous vertical fins scaly basally, greater terminal portion naked; dorsal rays 11 to 14; anal 11 to 17. b!. Dorsal spines 4; scales 28 to 30 in lateral series, 13 or 14 transversely, and Avabovewatveral line tordorsall DAse ees eee eee jaculator b?. Dorsal spines 5. c}, Seales 23 or 24 in lateral series, 14 or 15 transversely, 3 between lateral line andicdorsalibases Stet Sona eee ee ee ee oligolepis c?. Scales 33 or 34 in lateral series, 16 to 18 transversely, 5 between lat- eralolinevand dorsalbase ss 2ee = eee: > eee nee eee chatareus c3. Scales 40 to 42 in lateral series, 19 or 20 transversely, 6 between lat- eral linetand! dorsal basees ee ae ee ee ee ee microlepis c‘. Scales 46 in lateral series, 22 transversely -.._.-----------_---- lorentzi a. AMBLYTOXOTES. Scales small, 85 in lateral series; spinous vertical fins equally scaly as soft fins; dorsal rays 23, anal 23_____-------- squamosus TOXOTES JACULATOR (Pallas) Sciaena jaculatrizx Pauuas, Philos. Trans., vol. 56, 1766, p. 187, pl. 8, fig. 6. Batavia, Java.—BonNATERRE, Tabl. Encyclop., Ichth., 1788, p. 121 (Sea of Indies). Labrus jaculator LAcépmpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1802, pp. 425, 464 (on BONNATERRE).—SHAW, Gen. Zool., vol. 4, 1804, p. 485, pl. 68. Toxotes jaculator Cuvier, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 338; Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 314, fig. 192 (Ganges River, Dorey Havre).— GueERIN, Iconog. Régne Animal, Poiss., vol. 1, 1829-44, pl. 26, fig. 3; vol. 3, Poiss., p. 19 (India and China).—Day, Fishes of Malabar, 1865, p. 37 (copied).—PrtrEers, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1868, p. 257 (Calbi- gan, Basey River, Samar).—GinrHer, Cruise of Curagoa, Brenchley, 1873, p. 410 (Misol, Moluceas).—CastTELNAv, Proc. Zool. Acclim. Soc. Victoria, vol. 2, 1873, p. 84 (Port Darwin, North Australia).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 117 (Andamans).—Burrxksr, Atlas Ichth. Ind. A ai at Da il a A i ta et = ee lien etek Le Slits wie ta an cs a i i a ee FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 31 Néerland, vol. 9, 1877, p. 4, pl. (1) 363, fig. 4 (Sumatra, Batu, Nias, Singapore, Bintang, Rio, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Sangir, Sumbawa, Timor, Ternate, Batjan, Buru, Ceram, Amboina, New Guinea, Philip- pines).—VaILLant, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 5, 1873, p. 57 (Pala- wan).—Macteay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 5, 1881, p. 399 (Endeavour River, Queensland).—K te ee eee ag a 0Z 10 GT SABI [VSIOP SUMOIG UIIOJIULE *|S ‘S1OPIOG YOVIG JNOYJIM Sa[BVog “zt BUlUDOe Pec rt sca Aysnp 0} uMoiq dsap YIM A[pBvoiq polepi0q Yow ‘MOTIOA SETBOg *|L ‘SOUl] [BUIPN}SUO] onyq ynoyyIM Apog “7b ‘puvq IB[nd0 YIVp ON “zp SISU GMO Utne apne una ears eee ee ee eS ay ae sooedsi0} Ul UBYY JopIM ‘spuBq SIDASUBIY YORTG pBOlg ¢G YyIM Apo, ‘;Y Sia GOON lara ans ac ey anes S Ayyeseq JuoIy [euB sprvMo} opPouNped [epneo dAoqe uUIOIJ puB [Inq ‘7d ONO COOTIO lair maser men rie = cms oie ie sige ryt ee ens sodi44s MOTJOA [BUIPNySUOT g 10 g YAM ATTog *,d ‘SOUl] [BUISIBUIQNS YIep pUB Sadpo oFIYM YIM SUY [BOI}IOA {ZT sourds [es10q *;0 PS Me Oe cree eee tee Se ST Sa eS ae gets” Bye sso[10[OO suy {piBMIOJ PUsdSep sedijs yep onbiyqo g {yoBTq YsIUMOIq useMyoq Apoq puB [BUR pUB [BsIOP 4Jos ‘¢T SauIds [es10q *;0 ‘sjods yoB[q JNOYIIM se[Bog “;u RC regis ky te eee cae Pec goes cag ee eae epee gods yovlq YIM [184 puw YUNA, UO oBOS YOwM “U 57 FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS SISUOANO [OU Same rs ewig mac Se ae gee DE eT ne oe ee sjods yep 04 sould SUIAIS [[B A]TIOII0}U¥ prs UO Spuvq onbi~qo yep peorq » {yods [estopaid yovyq faep -10q YIVp pvoig FIM WOTZ0OS 19}4R] ‘eA MOTI PUB OAOGE Ivq MOT[AA JAOYS SB PUB IBTNIO °*z; SS TY (8 T5190) 0 sta asa el SpUuBvq SSIOASTBIY MOLIVU YORlG g yyIm Apo” ‘;n EDS JUDY iat cata ae rete ot cg ino genes ta oe eho Be ime ain oes an te Apoq jo 4so1 UO Spuvq OSIOASUBIZ PBOIG YIlVp Eg JO UOTPIPPV oY} YIM snporospfoainy *D OF AVTIUIIG *42 SMIVIOSE TOOL Oi apegerns etn aii ieee ra ee ee Si egies ele AT[oq puB oseq [ei10z0ed 04 Sutuedo [Is jo pus szoddn wor pueq szepnoo yyIM Jorjervd pueq YIvp puooss y °,a PAS [UC Ulta e cei Scape tag Ree naan Ae TEAS = Rae eh Pe IES IRS eine tr oaee Seg ieee SABI yJOS g 4SIG puB ouIds [BSIOp 4SBl SOpNpoUr YOM SNyJo0o0 YSIyoB[q JBAo utoIZ APOq uO puodes ‘UMOIG SPUBq SSOID ‘gif SIO ligere ert ee ces eg err aan. Apo Jo J[vy JoMOT UO sjyods oz1yM Ou ‘pauyep A[davys ‘youTq spuvq ssorg *:Yy (STUTLNG FAT Ls C0010) A eater gods oxy M YyIM Apo Jo jJ[Vy JopuN UO s]Bos YoRs fuMOIG SpuBq SsOID *;y/ ‘Spuevq [BOIJIOA Youvlq 0} YAVp pBorq E YyIM Apo, °,f snjerosejoyejound- ~uMmoiq pozjods [[v soovdsioqzut oped Syovyq [epnvo puw IBpNdO OIA Jo Spueq os19AsuBI} yIVp g YIM Apog *2f SNUIISSI}2}}NS~ ~Sospo Apoqd punoie [jw snotsuinu puv oug ATeutor}xo ynq ‘SepIs UO sauT, enbIyqo sv yeyMouios syods yorlg °,4 ESAT Ss COP ice eae RR ge Sagar gm Te ane nT pavMuMop Ajenbyqo sour, [BuIpNysuoy g wo; syods youl *6 ‘sjods yep puNod [[VUIS YIM poyreu ynq ‘spurq UMOIG dsLoAsUBIy ynoYAIM Apog +f ‘QU9DSAIN IO PUB OSIOASUBIY YORBIC YIM [epNVD *~d snyeynoewltipenb= ~~~ ~~~ = A][eIpoul [vUB PUB [vSIOp SUOTV OUT] ONT fapis Yowo Soyo,O[G IAI M OSIVT Z YALA VAI[O YAVp yovg ‘7p SNI[@UTI}IO SMO [BUIPN}ISUOT pourpour Sururaoy “yods yaep YAM o[Bos You *,a Bulle ee arog ease ac Sa ee Se cS syods ystyovyq Jo Mod Jo dn opvur yovo soul] YAep [BorAOA MOTIvU UO, "72 ‘Opis YORE SoyzJO[ OPIYM oSIv] Z INOYIIM pueB JOYxIVp AT[eIoodse you Yow ‘1p ‘4SBoiq IO 4ySayd UO You ‘pvoay MOOG ZuIPusjxe Jou puBY IB[NDO Yyorlg 24 BIOO[CLO0r ea. Saree ke ie See IOYIVp pIyozO[G 10 po]}JZOUL SSoyT IO BIOUL YOIYM ‘YOJOTG [VI9ZB] UBIPOU YaIVp oBIV] ON °29 SS ILOUNTD 00) cena icra ey maaan meena seri a ee jeues snourds 04 Ajrvou stes1op Jo oinqgounl ULOIJ YOJOTG ISNIp Yep osiey *,9 ‘YSIyoRyq 10 YAIVp sjesyUVA [4svorq UO pvoy MO]sq spucyxe puvq AIB[NIO youl” 19 *{UODSOID 10 PUB ISIOASUBIY YOVTG JNOYPIA [epNeVyg °;o ‘4NpPB UT 4SBOT 4B ‘SNT]I00 S149) OUle mas ouar ir sins per gets a ee eee an op ete meer a eer SS soul, [eu -Ipnyisuo] UMOIG o[ed YAIA\ SepIs fsn{jo00 pespo 9z1YM Youlq YAIM [BsIOp yjJog +\z Pee ere a ere a ere eee cn ee eae arsed aSIMIeyjO SU SyABp [1Bz ‘yaiep Yop ‘[RIZUIA 04 soulds [vsiop Jo JUOIJ WIOIJ PUBG YIVp ‘qsoyo UO Spud}xe puvd IB[NIO AOV[_ “24 MULGNO Ga je et oes ee ae youd uo 4ods yox[q OU ‘se[BoS [B19}¥] UB]pow JOBIVT JO SASINOD MOT[OJ SOUT] [BOIPIOA FIV “cP BOE MGeN eee se Beet Og aulds [esiop 4SB] MOjeq YoRVq uo gods youlq punod {SoUl] YIBVp [BOTFLOA YPM SOPIS “iP ‘[esIOp UO YoJOTG YIVp ON °29 NGRUERER OC RE ee soulds [Bs1op 4SBl MOTEG Yowq uo Yoxo[ Yow OU ‘yesiop 4jos uo yods yrevql ‘9 ‘4sayo UO Surpus}xe you puwd IB[N90 youl “14 *SMOL [BUIPNYISUOT Iv[ndo1 Ul SeTBOS pepuNnos Ayaepndot Ay1ol1eysod pus Ayperpour ‘Apoq uo JOj1ezUB AyUO SeTBoS AB[NSOLM VBIVT “NOGOLAVHOOATAIaT "0? ‘gsuq [epneo puw pwsey UEdAJoq SMOL B[BOS GP IOAO JOU ‘paounouoid SMOL OSIOASUBIY JNG POUYop IFFT SMOr [BUIPHysuOT Aeyy ‘popunos Ayanbi[qo sespa e[wos puly “UOTPBULLOJ a[Bos posrepue Aq pouyop Apo Jo WOTZ08 as1R] Joyyer {prloquioys Apog “sD Srimmunnieiie sso Ser eee ae Sealy ona, Uae gods yavp YIM [Bos oR ¢ Apoq uo sBuryavwt YIVp 10 1eq IBN ON "7D epneolje00 ~~~ ySayo WO Spuie}x9 PUB ie[noo YoRpq !Yyysue, sfoyM Ss} sordnooo ‘{re} Jo apis yous yods pespe op Yovpq oB1VyT “ep Buen epee eS ee ee ooh arri.: it Sad ciehl gjed yerqu9A 4s¥eI1q UO Jou PUB IB[NIO faseq [wus SUOTB PIBMIOJ puUB UMOP SBAIND sSesBq [BSLIOP Buoys pusq yep pvorq ‘pusq IBpNoo YM oyTered pue so1teysod pueq op1yM ON or ee eh Wort. ia Hat oy. eee oe Wes aon yovypq [BIjUeA {yseyo UO SpUdsz}xe puBq Ie[noo Ylwp fuoyes1ojoo yABp e1oues uo yods MOT[AA 10 ajed yim Apoq UO e[BoS YOR 70 STRNOOES gjed [erzuea {4sey9 UO You puBd IB[NIO yep {uolyesojoo oped [v19ues UO Soul, YABp jeurpnyisuoTy *)6 ‘pueq rvjnd0 yALBp OF 4xou Ajsoq10480d JaT[eivd puvq o}iYM pvolg| of ‘goyoqO[q YAVp ynoyyrA opunped [epnvy “cP SMIOUMEIGUL: Eke ts uss oa dk. eek. ae aUI] YIBp [VUIZIBUIGNS YIM Yow SU 4JOS ‘moy[oA [BUB PUB [BS1IOP {moTos [eIqUaA *7? Mia UO meine se Sone OR yh nes eg. alts ystmoT[os sug 19y}0 “YoR[q se8po [vue pus [Bsiop SxoR][q [BIZUBA *{? ‘gjounped [epneo Wo “1aqy}O BAOGB VU ‘s3ods YIB’p OMT, "1P ‘Tesiop snourds 0} Aj1Beu [es1opeid 1a2A0 Spuo}xe puB IBINIO “ eae ee ee een eo a ae ee epunpoed [epnvo Surssoio you pueq [esiop yep /Mojaq Suruodo [IIs soyovar nq [B4IqIO10,UI Sesso19 YOY ‘pueq aeynoo yorlq puryoeq [ey[eivd puvq oz14M pvorg °,2 “ATIOIIO4SOd Yovyq ][B JOU pway{ “2G SIU SAWS POLO S eta aI Se A ee at ge ae ce ge ee eee ea oh ee See a oe ae ee oe pusq [BUIS1euIgns yoRlq YIM [epnvs {spusq s0110}3sod yep ou ‘MOT[OA ATIONI0ZUB PUB BACK’ pBoY fYoRlq pvoy jo J[ey aolseysod [TV 19 ‘ATIOL104S0d YIVp puw ATIOII0ZUB 94IYA pojsBiyUoD you Apog *;D "Gg IdAO you se[vos Spojurod AieA o[zznuI {4s¥vaI1q uO ATUO IB[NSeI pus ][eUIS sUTOD0q ‘Apoq JOAO [[B SapBos Iv[NBeII OSIVT ‘NOGOLAVHOAX(G) ‘gD SNAG OSGeo s ge tae eS ee Sales py syods % sv ueyxoIq 10 ATUO 9X9 BAOGB IB Your MoIIVU {sayoJOTG YoRIq pworq ¢ YIM yoeg °.4 ES UO] LO Uther tt Ge ecg ge tas ae ee ge ie eo eee us1o}jed SUIYB[NOIYeL WIOJ ‘YIVp Sospo o[vos {spueq J0y}O OU ‘TesIOp SnouTds aIOJaq ASOD BAOGB YO0[q YALA puB Mojaq Suruado [IZ 09 4ou ‘peoy UO ojo[dulooUl aBq IB[NDO YoR[_ ‘zp ET SSE 8 ol aaa ime aa cece aaa amt am a ee a ule}4ed pozeyT “NOIZOI YBYMOWOS SulUIIOJ JoyIVp pospo ATZYSIIS [[e@ seywos Apoq {yowq jo yuo 4B YOVOTG Yep asngIp OSIB] {Sn][e00 [vsIOp ON *zf SNIIGSSB- ~~~ Spuvq [B10}B] POULPOUL ATYSIIS YIVp MoleU F fo[suB 4B oo UBYY IEBIVT I[}}IT SNI[200 YoRlq YIM yesop 4JoO f ‘[BUv IO [BSIOp JJOS UO puBq yIBp ON *7a SPU OSU Ac ancs serie Wat eo mer che at ee ge TL Sg eee [eue jo yivd Jol1e4ysod 19A0 UMOP pU® [eSIOp 4jJos UO pug yIVG *a ‘pBoy uo o4e[du100 vq aB[NdO0 Yoel *\p “PUOULBTY FNOUPIM [TBSIOP 4JOG °29 BSN Bete memes emg er ae sutuedo [IIS 04 [eslopeid wro1y pu zB[noo YyoRlq {yueue[yY pozurod ‘Buoy yA [esIop 4jJog ‘9 “woe WO spusq Axovlq ON °19 ‘peyurod ynous ‘Apoq"jo y1vd_uvipeu puv 1o1103Ue uO A[UO So[BOS IB[NZe1I OSIV]T “VUOHAONTT °;D 60 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Ii. GonocHaEtTopon. Scales of irregular form, rows with angle in middle of body depth; soft dorsal with angular point and hind edge vertical; snout short. triangulum III. MrcGarrotopon. Body oval; scales obliquely rounded and rows form obtuse angle, 25; outer row of teeth larger; dorsal spines double length of soft Taye; anal spmes:4,mareliy 62) se 233 eas ee ee ee ee ee trifascialis CHAETODON MEVYERI Schneider Chaetodon meyeri SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 223. Moluecas.— CuvikR, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 19 (Moluccas).— VALENCIENNES, Régne Animal, Poiss., Ill., 1839, p. 106, pl. 37, fig. 2—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 13 (Celebes, Amboina, Java, Moluccas).— Evera, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 485 (Luzon, Naic, Cavite).— STEINDACHNER, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges., vol. 25, 1900, p. 420 (Ter- nate).— WEBER, Siboga Exp.,vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p.305 (Banda; Timor).— Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 49 (Ralum, Jaluit, East Indies, Mikindani, East Africa)—Fow.trr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1923, p. 42 (Madagascar). Citharoedus meyert Kaur, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 141 (Moluceas). Tetragonoptrus (Citharoedus) meyert BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néerland., vol. 9, 1877, p. 32, pl. (14) 375, fig. 5 (Java, Celebes, Amboina, Ceram, New Guinea). Holacanthus flave-niger LAchPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 529, 535, pl. 13, fig. 2. No locality. Depth 114 to 1%; head 314 to 324, width 134 to 2. Snout 2% to 3 in head; eye 324 to 4, 1% to 12% in snout, 114 to 1% in interor- bital; maxillary 3 to 34 in snout, 324 to 314 in head; interorbital 23% to 234, convex. Gill rakers 6+20, short weak points, 7 in gill filaments, which 11% in eye. Scales 48 to 50 between gill opening and caudal base; tubes 32 to 38 in lateral line; 10 or 11 scales above lateral line, 27 or 28 below. Scales with 7 or 8 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 70 to 107, with 3 to 8 transverse series of basal elements; circuli fine. D. XII or XIII, 23, 1 or 24, 1, last spine 1 to 144 im head, fourteenth ray 1% to 1%; A. III or IV, 18,1 to 20,1, third spine 1% to 2), twelfth ray 124 to 134; least depth of caudal peduncle 234 to 3; caudal 1% to 1%, hind edge convex; pectoral 135 to 114; ventrallgto1}4. Light brown with yellowish tints on side of abdomen and vertical fins. Blackish band meets its fellow at occiput, extends through eye, broadens on cheek and extends down over most of breast; margined in front and behind by yellow line which former broader and separates another narrower blackish band along upper lip and down over throat; yellow line from upper lip extends down separating broadly dusky or blackish lower lip. Black line extends down from first dorsal spine toward head; posteriorly continued along spinous dorsal and soft dorsal submarginally to ends of longer posterior dorsal rays. Black line usually arches forward from second dorsal spine, broadening FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 61 vertically on postocular, down above ventral axil and then back along anal basally to longer posterior rays. Another parallels from posterior dorsal spines, extending to pectoral base from axil of which another line joins obliquely also from last dorsal spines; below arches little down and then up across caudal peduncle along caudal base. Two other parallel black lines arch from soft dorsal posteriorly and slope forward medianly on sides of body. Slight variations in juncture and extension occur in black lines, though in general of constant gen- eral pattern. White vertical line between 2 black lines postocular on head. Membranes of spinous dorsal usually, though not always, black. Anal with pale yellowish or whitish edge and broad submar- ginal deep brown band, edged narrowly blackish and medianly giving FIG. 3.—VARIATION OF COLOR MARKINGS OF CHAETODON MEYERI SCHNEIDER place to another black line, only posteriorly with yellow median lon- gitudinal streak. Caudal with narrow whitish margin, then black submarginal line; another blackish line nearly median transversely. Paired fins brownish. Known only from the East Indies. It is a very striking species, its color pattern somewhat suggestive of that of Chaetodon ornatissimus or Holacanthus imperator. A685, A706, A707, A722, A723. Danawan Island. September 26-28, 1909. Length 128 to 175 mm. Side gray, stripes black with slight yellowish shade at edges. Forehead pale slate gray; chin and upper lip black; circumoral ring black with pale or somewhat dusky lemon yellow interval between chin and circumoral ring and ocular band, none of red on side of head and opercle as shown in Bleeker’s plate; band across opercle medially yellow, not whitish, width equal to yellow border of ocular band and placed midway between two 62 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM adjacent black stripes. Nuchal region slightly washed with yellowish, quite distinct on nape. From pectoral base breast with yellowish ground color and abdominal region above black stripe broadly yellow, continued in breadth about equal to half black along anal base. Front of dorsal spines orange, membranes yellowish at tips, dark brown basally, merging into first stripe and under fourth spine joined by second in the interval between last 2 stripes and between second and third there are some scattered small orange dots, 1 or 2 behind third stripe. Edges of soft dorsal and anal dusky yellowish, adjoining on dor- sal continuation of very dark brown on spinous fin, ending about midway on vertical edge, not reddish as shown in Bleeker’s plate nor joined by any of other 4 stripes, but with yellow interval between and terminations; on soft fin ground color of interval pale dusky lemon with row of orange spots through median part somewhat as Bleeker shows; these arise at extreme lower part of vertical edge, thence curving to base through middle of interval; short similar row between fifth and sixth stripes on fin. Anal very similar to Fig. 4.—VARIATION OF COLOR MARKINGS OF CHAETODON MEYERI SCHNEIDER Bleekers’s figure, broad band through outer half of fin brown and not red, inter- val between black stripes bright cadmium yellow, spines pale yellow. Caudal tip hyaline, black much as shown by Bleeker except median band slightly broader than terminal band, interval between with narrow orange line; simi- lar but less bright line in interval between medial bar of tail and bar“on caudal peduncle and orange spot on caudal peduncle above. Pectoral hyaline orange. Ventral with yellowish membranes. 552, 553, 555, A1222 to Al225. Gomomo Island. December 3, 1909. Length 82 to 153 mm. A1140, A1147. Kayoa Island. November 29, 1909. Length 137 to 140 mm. Three examples. 352. Mabul Island. September 29, 1909. Length 120 mm. 475 to 478, A1077, A1090. Maitara Island. November 26, 1909. Length 112 to 147 mm. Hight examples. A749 and A750. Sipadan Island. September 28, 1909. Length 141 to 150 mm. ee Se a ee eS ee ee ee ee eee la ie te FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 63 A1324. Tifu Bay. December 10, 1909. Length 146 mm. A1266. Uki, Bouro Island, Dutch East Indies. December 9, 1909. Length 148 mm. A1504. Birabirahan Island, Borneo. December 31,1909. Length 157 mm. A1190. Gane Road, Gillolo Island. December 1 ,1909. Length 143 mm. A1372. Basa Island, Celebes. December 17, 1909. Length 145 mm. A1472. Cape Kait, Libani Bay, Celebes. December 29, 1909. Length 142 to 160 mm. Three examples. 479 and 480, 1055. Tidore Island, south of Ternate. November 24, 1909. Length 128 to 140 mm. Four examples. 562 to 564. Tidore Island. November 25,1909. Length 136 to 142 mm. CHAETGDON ORNATISSIMUS Cuvier Fig, 5.—CHAETODON ORNATISSIMUS CUVIER. YOUNG Chaetodon ornatissimus (SOLANDER) Cuvirr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 22. Tahitii—Lxzsson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1880 (1881), p. 179, pl. 30 fig. 1 (Matavai Bay, Tahiti).—Gitnruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 15 (Amboina; type of Chactodon ornatus).—KNER, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 98 (Tahiti)—Gtnruer, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 38, pl. 30, fig. B (Hawaiian Islands).— Evera, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 485 (copied).—Jorpan and EVERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 23, pt. 1, 1903 (1905), p. 378, pl. 53 (Honolulu).—Jorpan and Seats, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 33 (Manila).—Snypmr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 510 (Okinawa).—Fow.Ler, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 22, 1925, p. 27 (Honolulu), p. 34 (Samoa).—Fow ter and Batt, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 26, 1925 (1926), p. 17 (Johnston Island, Wake Island).—HrrrE and Montat- 64 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BAN, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, September, 1927, p. 42, pt. 9, fig. 1 (Balinakan, Bennett, Quiminatin Islands). Citharoedus ornatissimus Kaur, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 142 (Tahiti). Teiragonoptrus (Citharoedus) ornatissimus BunEKER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néerland., vol. 9, 1877, p. 32, pl. (13) 375. fig. 2 (Amboina, New Guinea). Chaetodon ornatus GRAY, Zool. Miscellany, 1831, p. 33. Hawaiian Islands.— GrirrirH, Animal Kingdom Cuvier, Pisces, vol. 10, 1834, p. 3238, pl. 20 (name only). Chaetodon ornatissimus var. kaupi Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 52. Samoa, Ralum, Matupi. Depth 114 to 12s; head 3 to 314, width 145 to2. Snout 3 to3& in head from snout tip; eye 24% to 324, greater than snout in young to 114 with age, 1 to 124 in interorbital; maxillary 34 or to eye, 3% to 334 in head; interorbital 224 to 24%, broadly convex. Gill rakers 5+ 14, short points, 14 of gill filaments, which 114 in eye. Scales 43 to 49 between gill opening and caudal base; tubes 23 to 43 in lateral line; 10 to 12 scales above lateral line, 24 or 25 below. Scales with 8 to 10 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 48 to 108, with 8 to 9 series of transverse basal elements; circuli fine. D. XII, 24, 1 or 25, 1, last spine 12% to 17% in total head length, tenth ray 175 to 124; A. III, 20, 1 or 21,1, last spine 13% to 2, tenth ray 14% to 14%; least depth of caudal peduncle 22s to 25/,; caudal 12% to 1%, broadly convex behind; pectoral 1 to 1144; ventral 1 to 1. Brown generally, with broad yellowish-brown bands, slightly sloping down forward longitudinally, also each margined by slightly grayish line. Black supraoccipital band down to eye, then down across cheek to breast where meeting its fellow, width much less than eye and front and hind edges each with sulphur yellow line. Black narrow band submarginally along dorsal then down vertically along hind eye edge to gill opening; also 2 black vertical lines parallel on head, first from suprascapula down along and behind preopercle edge and other along hind opercle edge shorter. Black band over front of snout and down across throat, with yellow marginal line in front and behind. Upper lip yellow forming broad yellow band across chin leaving lower lip black. Interorbital brown. Edge of soft dorsal with narrow black line. Anal likewise, then submarginal broader buff line or band against which another black line. Caudal with very narrow whitish edge, broader deep brown submargina] band against which broad buff band, then broad, black transverse median band. Paired fins pale brownish. East Indies, Polynesia, Hawaii. Examples vary as sometimes the bands may be asymmetrically broken. Insmall examples but 6 small and broader, dark bands and dark bands on caudal closer and median on fin. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 65 739. Agojo Port, Catanduanes Island. June 10,1909. Length 147 mm. 1183, 1538. Bolinao Bay. March 10,1909. Length 138 mm. 1274 and 1275. Cabugan Island, Hinunangan. July 30, 1909. 769. Cebu market. March 19,1909. Length 123 mm. 8759. Lahuy Island. June 11,1909. Length 149 mm. 8451. Maribojoc, Bohol Island. March 25, 1909. Length 168 mm. Interor- bital slate gray, other bars on head almost black. Yellow as pale sulphur and lateral bands bright orange, somewhat dusky along scales. First dorsal spine slightly orange. 1016. Maricaban Island. January 20,1908. Length 50 mm. 6606 and 6607. Northwest point of Verde Island. July 22,1908. Length 148 to 158 mm. 1325 and 9224. Opol, Mindanao. August 4, 1909. Length 128 to 153 mm. 7330. Pandan Island near Sablayan Bay, Mindoro. December 12, 1908. Length 148 mm. Bars of head alternately black and sulphur yellow. Inter- orbital area slate gray. Oblique body stripes orange, sometimes dusky, inter- spaces pale gray or white. Breast and belly sulphur yellow. Dorsal spines very pale orange, membranes pale dusky lemon, continued as inframarginal bar on soft dorsal and as marginal on vertical portion; black postocular bar runs along base of anterior spinous dorsal, rising to middle, continues on terminal portion of soft fin under yellow and returns at vertical edge, joins fourth oblique orange stripe; beneath fin pale soiled yellowish. Anal edge dark brown; inframarginal sulphur yellow bar continued on spinous portion occupying body of membranes; bronze orange bar through center of anal limited by blackish. Caudal very pale yellow with.black median band and another submarginal to narrow hyaline edge. Pectoral rays pale dusky orange. Ventral pale orange. 7390. Port Caltom, Busuanga Island. December 15,1908. Length 153 mm. 720 and 20435. Port Palapag. June 3, 1909. Length 93 to 120 mm. 1049. Sabtan Island. November 8, 1908. Length 148 mm. A630. Simaluc Island. September 22,1909. Length 154 mm. A456. Tulnalutan Island. September 9, 1909. Length 156 mm. A751. Sipadan Island. September 28, 1909. Length 148 mm. A708. Danawan Island. September 27,1909. Length 153 mm. 671. Waitara Island. November 26, 1909. Length 120 mm. 4828. Sadaa Island, Celebes. November 17, 1909. Length 71 mm. 481 and A1052. Tidore Island, south of Ternate. November 24, 1909. Length 133 to 145 mm. 11683 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa, Riu Kiu. Albairess collection. Length 122 mm. 20510 U.S.N.M. Hawaiian Islands. A. B. Steinberger. Length 178 mm. 52318 U.S.N.M. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 108 to 145 mm. Three examples. 52816 U.S.N.M. Hawaii. Bureau of Fisheries. 55479 U.S.N.M. Honolulu. Fur Seal Commission. Length 172 mm. 52816 U.S.N.M. Honolulu. Bureau of Fisheries 1901-02. Length 177 mm. [563]. 58532 U.S.N.M. Honolulu. E. L. Berndt. Length 170 mm. CHAETCOBON TRIFASCIATUS Mungo Park Chaetodon trifasciatus Muneo Park, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1797, p. 34. Sumatra._-Lachpkpn, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1803, pp. 462, 495 (Sumatra).—PuLayrFrair, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1865, p. 34 (Zanzibar).— Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 7.—STEINDACHNER, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., vol. 25, 1900, p. 420 (Ternate).—W a1rTE, Rec. 66 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Austral. Mus., vol. 5, 1903, p. 32 (Lord Howe Island).—Fow ter, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 12, 1904, p. 544 (Padang).— JORDAN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 33 (Cavite).— JoRDAN and RicHARDSON, Bull, Bur. Fisher., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 269 (Cagayancillo).—SnyprErR, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 510 (Okinawa).— WEBER, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 304 (Karkara- long, Salayer, Binongka, Banda, Tual)—Fowter, Copeia, No. 58, June 18, 1918, p. 64 (Philippines); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1923, p. 42 (Madagascar).—Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 56 (Samoa, New Guinea, New Pomerania, Ralum, Marshalls, Jaluit, Bismark Archipelago, New Mecklenberg, Amboina, Thalassia, Vulcan Island).— Fowl ter, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 22, 1925, p. 12 (Guam), p. 28 (Honolulu), p. 34 (Samoa).—Fow.Ler and Batu, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 26, 1925 (1926), p. 17 (Johnston Island).—HeErRE and Monta.san, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol, 34, No. 1, September, 1927, p. 63, pl. 13, fig. 1 (Mariveles, Aloneros, Calapan, Bulalacao Bay, Tablas, Bantayan, Quiminatin, Puerta Princesa, Balabac, Cagayan, Basbas)—Fow.sr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1927, p. 286 (Philippines). Tetragonoptrus ( Tetragonoptrus) trifasciatus BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néer- land., vol. 9, 1877, p. 35, pl. (15) 377, fig. 1 (Sumatra, Batu, Cocos, Java, Celebes, Flores, Solor, Timor, Halmahera, Ternate, Obi major, Ceram, Amboina, Harucu, Banda, Goram, Aru, Waigiu).—BLEEKeEr, Verh. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, vol. 18, No. 3, 1879, p. 1 (Mauritius). Choetodon (Tetragonoptrus) trifasciatus SauvaacE, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 254. Chaetodon vittatus SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 227. Sumatra (on Muneo Park).—BENNETT, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 61 (Mauritius).—Cuvirr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 34 (Tahiti, Guam, Qualan, Bourbon, Madagascar, Mauritius, East Indies)—Lay and BEn- NETT, Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, p. 61, pl. 17 (Byam Martin Island, Paumotus).—GinrHeER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 23 (Ceram, Amboina).—GuicHEnot, Notes I. Réunion, vol. 2, 1862, p. 25; Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Cherbourg, vol. 2, ser. 2, 1866, p. 145 (Madagascar).—Kuun- ZINGER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 1870, p. 782 (Koseir).— CaPELLO, Jorn. Soc. Sci., Lisboa, 1871, p. 199 (Mozambique).—GtntTuHErR, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 41 (Paumotus).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 107, pl. 27, fig. 5—Marrerns, Preuss. Exp. Ost-Asien, 1876, p. 388 (Amboina).—Prrers, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876, p. 437 (Mauritius)—Mzyrr, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 17 (Manado, Celebes).—PELLEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 39, 1914, p. 227 (Diégo Suarez, Madagascar). Citharoedus vittatus Kaur, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 142. Tetragonoptrus vittatus BLEEKER, Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., 1863, p. 344 (Madagascar). Chaetodon tau-nigrum CuviER, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p.38. Guam.— Ginruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 32 (copied).—E.rra, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 487 (copied). Citharoedus taunigrum Kaup, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 142. Chaetodon austriacus RitppEtut, Neue Wirbelth., Fisch., 1835, p. 30, pl. 9, fig. 2. Djedda, Red Sea. Citharodeus austriacus Kaur, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 142 (Africa). Chaetodon trifasciatus var. austriacus KLUNZINGER, Fisch. Roth. Meer., 1884, p. 55. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 67 Chaetodon trifasciatus subsp. austriacus Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 57 (Red Sea). Bs Chaetodon bellus (SOLANDER) Lay and BENNETT, Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, p. 61 (name in synonymy). Chaetodon ovalis THr1oLLizRE, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 164. Woodlark Island. Chaetodon papek (MonTrRovzIER) THIOLLIERE, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 164. Chaetodon layardi Buytu, Prodr. Faunae Zeylon, Kelaart, Append., 1852, p. 50. Ceylon. Chaetodon melapterus GuicHENOT, Notes I. Réunion, vol. 2, 1862, p.6. Ré- union. Chaetodon klunzingerti KoSMANN and RAvBER, Zool. Ergebn. Reis. Roth, Meer, 1877, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 11. Red Sea. Chaetodon trifasciatus var. arabica STEINDACHNER, Anz. Akad. Wien, Nachr. 39, No. 24, Nov. 20, 1902, p. 317. South Arabia (name only).—STEIN- DACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., vol. 71, abth. 1, 1902, p. 138, pl. 2, fig. 3 (Makalla, South Arabia). Chaetodon punctato-fasciatus (not Cuvier) Fow er, Copeia, No. 58, June 18, 1918, p. 64 (Philippines). Chaetodon trifasciatus subsp. caudifasciatus Anu, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 57. Padang, Siporab, Madagascar, Mozambique, German East Africa. Depth 1% to 124; head 23% to 324, width 13% to 134. Snout 3 to 346 in head; eye 244 to 3%, greater than snout, 1 to 114 in interor- bital; maxillary 34 to 24 in snout, 3% to 4 in head; interorbital 224 to 3, broadly convex. Gill rakers 4+ 13, short points, 4 of gill filaments, which 114 in eye. Scales 38 to 40 between gill opening and caudal base; tubes 26 to 30 in lateral line; 6 or 7 scales above lateral line, 13 or 14 below. Scales with 10 to 12 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 76 to 131, with 3 to 12 transverse series of basal elements; circuli fine. D. XIII, 21,1 or 22, 1, fifth spine 1% to 13% in head, tenth ray 13 to 124; A. III, 19, 1 or 20, 1, third spine 13% to 2, third ray 14 to 124; least depth of caudal peduncle 24% to 244; caudal 144 to 1%, hind edge convex; pectoral 1 to 114; ventral 14% to 1%. Brown, pale to whitish on lower surface of head and abdomen. Each row of body scales with median dark to dusky streak, so all appear little inclined upward posteriorly. Black band from predorsal down through eye and across breast where meeting its fellow, above eye with narrow white bordering line in front and behind, below eye with broad white band each side separating black of muzzle and parallel black narrow band from first dorsal spine to hind eye edge, this then down across side of head along preopercle edge to gill open- ing; aboveeye narrow black line with narrow white front bordering line. Long cuneate black band along soft dorsal base, widening behind and reflected on upper surface of caudal peduncle; band bordered above and below with yellow line. Soft dorsal upper portions largely pale with median longitudinal dark Jine and another submarginal. 68 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Anal largely brown, edge narrowly whitish and longitudinal black subbasal band, expanded little at last rays, bordered all around with yellow line. Caudal with black transverse band, hind edge broadly grayish, then submarginal yellow narrow band next to black band; basally fin brown, then buff band next to median black band. Paired fins uniform pale brown. Young examples lack black line touching hind eye edge, have muzzle pale, dark basal band of soft dorsal crossing caudal peduncle broadly though leaving white spot posteriorly above, anal with pale longitudinal subbasal line and 2 dark parallel bands, one median and other submarginal on fin. Red Sea, Zanzibar, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, India, East Indies, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Hawaii. A very abundant species in tropical coral reefs and with constant color pattern, the changes with age slight. 1319 and 1320. Alibijaban Island. March 6, 1909. Length 110 to 115 mm. 1270, 1271, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 15692. Alimango Bay, BuriasIsland. March5, 1909. Length 75 to 116 mm. 624. Bagacay Bay, Escarpada Island. March 13, 1909. Length 117 mm. 919. Balikias Island, Lubang. July 17,1908. Length 95 mm. 1053, 4713, 4714, 9670. Bolalo Bay, Palawan. December 21,1908. Length 77 to 114 mm. 754. Buang Bay, Talajit Island. March 15,1909. Length 120 mm. 4856. Bubuan Island, Jolo. February 14,1908. Length 30 mm. 817, 864. Busin Harbor, Burias Island. April 23,1908. Length 65 to 94 mm. 1240 to 1242, 1244. CandaramanIsland. January 4,1909. Length 71 to 98 mm. 1029 and 1226. Capunuypugan Point. May 10, 1908. Length 95 to 110 mm. 11856. Caracaran, Batan Island. June 8, 1909. Length 89 mm. 507. Casogoran, Malhon Island. July 27,1909. Length 66 mm. 658. Canmahala Bay. March 11,1909. Length 110 mm. 254. Caxisigan near Balabac Island. December 29, 1909. Length 108 mm. [1010]. Blackish stripes on side more slaty and reds of dorsal and anal over- shaded with dusky. Body stripes 7 or 8 carried into scaly portion of spinous dorsal. Yellow bar crosses front of cheek and ends about even with middle of eye; yellowish margin of ocular above eye a separate coloration. Yellow bar at anal base sulphur. 770. Cebu market. March 19,1909. Length 112 mm. 349. Endeavor Strait. December 22,1908. Length 78 mm. 155 to 158. Endeavor Strait. December 23, 1908. Length 105 to 116 mm. 1219, 1220, 4873. Galera Bay, Mindsro. June 9,1908. Length 101 to 108 mm. 4610 and 4611. Grande Island reef, Subig Bay. January 8,1908. Length 117 to 118 mm. 519. Gubat, Luzon. June 23,1909. Length 78 mm. 1202. Hinunangan, Cabugan Island. July 30,1909. Length 115 mm. 800. Langao Point, Luzon. June 24,1909. Length 90 mm. 1087 to 1090. Limbones Cove, Luzon. January 4,1908. Length 117 to 127 mm. 337 to 339. Limbones Cove. February 8, 1909. Length 71 to 115 mm. 524 and 7969. Little Santa Cruz Island. May 26,1908. Length 110 mm. 1111, 1112, 4879 to 4881. Little Santa Cruz Island. May 28,1908. Length 76 to 106 mm. 643. Lode Bay, Destacado Island. March 13, 1909. Length 107 mm. 1130. Mactan Cove. April 6, 1908. Length 103 mm. 3591. Mactan Island, Cebu. March 25,1909. Length 110 mm. ete ies ete ee ee a eo FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 69 435 to 438. Maculabo Island. June 14,1909. Length 85 to 104 mm. 1298. Makesi Island. April 5,1909. Length 76 mm. 1141. Mansalay Bay. June 4, 1908. Length 96 mm. 906 to 908. Maricaban Island. January 20,1908. Length 95 to 110 mm. 1079 to 1081. Masbate reef, Masbate Island. April 20, 1908. Length 102 to 110 mm. 991. Nasugbu, Luzon. January 16,1908. Length 95 mm. 390. Near Palag Bay, Luzon. June 16, 1909. Length 110 mm. 10404. North West of Verde Island. July 22, 1908. Length 87 mm. 22796. Opol, Mindanao Island. August 4, 1909. Length 71 mm. 364, 365, 702, 895, 896. Pagapas Bay. February 20, 1909. Length 50 to 106 mm. 273. Paluan Bay, Mindoro. December 11, 1908. Length 119 mm. 925 and 926. Panabutan Bay. February 6,1908. Length 117 mm. 1119 and 1120. Pangasinan Island. , February 13, 1908. Length 43 to 70 mm. 798. Parang, Mindanao. May 23, 1908. Length 112 mm. One young. Philippines. Length 77 to 103 mm. 1308, 1809, 1310, 1314. Polloc. May 23, 1908. Length 77 to 103 mm. 603. Port Caltom. December 15, 1908. Length 109 mm. 1234. Port Dupon. March 17, 1909. Length 102 mm. 708 to 710. Port Galera. June 9, 1908. Length 105 to 115 mm. 4781, 4782, 8759, 10359. Port Jamelo, Luzon. July 13, 1908. Length 68 to 119 mm. 10334, 10335, 10348, 10479. Port Maricaban. July 21,1908. Length 74 to 93mm. 924 and 1022. Port Matalvi. November 22, 1908. Length 108 to 113 mm. 988. Port Matalvi. November 23, 1908. Length 105 mm. 22971. Port Palapag. June 3, 1909. Length 34 mm. 662. Port Uson. December 17, 1908. Length 116 mm. 4846. Rapurapu Island. June 22, 1909. Length 67 mm. 1032 and 10338. Romblon. March 26, 1908. Length 48 to 61 mm. 487, 697, 3884. Sablayan, Mindoro. December 12,1908. Length 72 to 108 mm. 945 to 947. Sabtan Island. November 9, 1908. Length 103 to 115 mm. 1289. Sacol Island. September 9, 1909. Length 65 mm. 15708. Sanguisapo Island. February 24, 1908. Length 96 mm. 763, 994, 995. San Miguel Harbor, Ticao Island. April 21, 1908. Length 100 to 105 mm. 1178. Santa CruzIsland. April 24, 1908. Length 100 mm. 21887. Singaan Island. September 21, 1909. Length 46 mm. 1071 to 1073. South Luzon, Tumindao Island. February 26, 1908. Length 103 to 105 mm. 574 and 575. Surigao, Mindanao. May 8, 1908. Length 103 to 116 mm. 210, 211, 669. Taganak Island. January 7, 1909. Length 114 to 115 mm. 380 and 3881. Tara Island. December i4, 1908. Length 105 to 118 mm. 589, 590, 1150 [782], 1151 [783]. Tara Island. December 15, 1908. Length 30 to 102 mm. Head and front ocular bar entirely yellow and little dusty on top of snout variably distinct and forehead sometimes dusky. Dorsal nearly uniform yellow, except dusky margin of soft fin, sometimes tip of soft dorsal very slightly orange. Black blotch across front of caudal peduncle not quite reaching lower edge; on upper part of caudal peduncle bright yellow spot medianly with bluish prolongation from pedunclar blotch sometimes indicates black basal bar of dorsal and its yellow center distinct. Anal bars differenti- ated but more or less hazy, margin black. Caudal dusky hyaline, with nar- row black basal bar. 1161 to 1163. Tataan, Simaluc Island. February 19, 1908. Length 67 to 92mm. 882 and 883. Tataan. February 20, 1908. Length 73 to 77 mm, 9146929 6 70 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 238. Ulugan Bay, Palawan. December 29, 1908. Length 77 mm. 10434 and 10435. Varadero Bay, Mindoro. July 23, 1908. “Length 81 to92 mm. 21475. Doworra Island, Dutch East Indies. December 2, 1909. Length 104 mm. 432, 455, 4817, 9674, 9675. Talisse Island. November 9, 1909. Length 42 to 65 mm. 664. Hokuho, Soo Wan, Formosa. January 29, 1910. Length 132 mm. 4815. Hokuho. January 9, 1910. Length 135 mm. 22959 to 22965. Reefs in Apra Bay, Guam.- November 19-20, 1907. Length 38 to 115 mm. 21170 U.S.N.M. Hawaiian Islands. Paris Museum. Length 127 mm. 28553 U.S.N.M. Fiji. Paris Museum. Three young. 28559 U.S.N.M. Madagascar. Paris Museum. Length 73 to 95 mm. Two examples. 30653 and 30654 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 107 to 112mm. Two examples. 32748 U.S.N.M. Indian Archipelago. Leiden Museum. Length 100 mm. 43936 U.S.N.M. Suva. Albatross collection. One young. 43936 U.S.N.M. Mauritius. Colonel Nicholas Pike. Length 90 to 114 mm. Six examples. 55427 U.S.N.M. Suva, Fiji. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 81 to 119 mm. Twelve examples. 55478 U.S.N.M. Honolulu. Fur Seal Commission. Length 119 mm. 57002 U.S.N.M. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries 1902. Length 83 to 115 mm. Three examples. 65457 U.S.N.M. Mangareva. Albatross collection 1904-1905. Length 60 mm. 65796 U.S.N.M. Suva, Fiji. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 94 mm. [08864]. 65952 U.S.N.M. Fakarava. Albatross collection. 71682 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa. Albatross collection 1906. Length 125 mm. Philippines. Three examples (with 79260 U.S.N.M.).. Length 111 to 122 mm. Three examples. E.H. Taylor. As Chaetodon setifer. 83269 U.S.N.M. No locality. Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Length 87 mm. CHAETODON MELAPTERUS Guichenot Chaetodon melapterus GuicHENOT, Faun. Réunion, Maillard, 1862, p. 6. Reunion Island. Chaetodon melanopterus PLAYFAIR, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1865, p. 34 (Aden).— BovuLENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 657 (Muscat, Arabia).— Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 63 (copied). Snout conic, little longer than eye. Preopercle hardly serrated. Scales large. D. XIII, 21; A. III, 28; soft dorsal and anal rounded posteriorly. Brillant yellow with darker longitudinal stripes follow- ing series of scales, but without dark punctuation. Snout end black. Ocular band black, also another parallel from first dorsal spines to preopercle angle, narrower than orbit and extends around throat. Vertical fins black, except yellowish edges of dorsal and anal and hind white part of caudal. (Playfair.) CHAETODON EPHIPPIUM Cuvier Chaetodon ephippium Cuvisr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 80, pl. 174. Molucecas.—Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1830 (1831), p. 174, pl. 29, fig. 1 (Beula Bay, Borabora).—GitntTHeEr, Cat. Fish. Brit. ee ee eee eee FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 71 Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 7 (Amboina; Fiji)—Kaup, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 15 (Moluccas, Tahiti)—Gtnruer, Journ. Mus. Godef- froy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 36, pl. 27, fig. A-B (Tonga, Society Islands).—DrE Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 9, 1884, p. 453 (Cardwell, Queensland).—Meyer, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 16 (North Celebes; Ternate; Mysore).—E.eEra, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 485 (Luzon, Currimao, Ilocos).—JorDAN and RicHarpson, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 269 (Cagayan- cillo)—WeEBER, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische 1913, p. 307 (Nusa Laut).— Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 65 (Ralum, New Pomerania, New Guinea, Bougainville Island, Jaluit, Samoa, Ceram, Tsingtau).— Fow er, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 22, 1925, p. 12 (Guam), p. 34 (Samoa); Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 26, 1925 (1926), p. 17 (Johnston and Wake Islands).—Herre and Monrausan, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, September, 1927, p. 56 (Santo Domingo de Basco, southern Batangas, Tubigan Island). Rabdophorus ephippium Swainson, Nat. Hist. Animals, vol. 2, 1839, p. 211. Tetragonoptrus (Rabdophorus) ephippium BurEKerR, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néerland., vol. 9, 1877, p. 36, pl. (16) 378, fig. 2 (Cocos, Java, Celebes, Flores, Timor, Ternate, Amboina, Ceram, Harucu, Goram, New Guinea). Chaetodon principalis Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 81. East Indies (on ReNaRD and VaLENnTYN).—Kauvp, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 156. Chaetodon garnoti Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., pt. 2, vol. 1, 1830 (1831), p. 174 (name in synonymy). Chaetodon mulsanti THIOLLIERE, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 163. Woodlark Island. Chaetodon papek (MontTROUZIER) THIOLLIERE, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 163 (name in synonymy). Depth 124 to 134; head 3 to 31%, width 2 to 214. Snout 21% to3 in head from snout tip; eye 4 to 42s, 124 to 144 in snout, 114 to 12% in interorbital; maxillary 144 to 3 in snout, 34% to 334 in head; interorbital 3144 to 324, convex. Gill rakers 3+10, short points, robust, 1 of gill filaments, which 1% in eye. Scales 34 to 37 between gill opening and caudal base; tubes 32 to 34 in lateral line; 9 to 11 scales above lateral line, 16 or 17 below. Scales with 8 to 10 basal radiating striae, with 1 to 7 incomplete auxiliaries; 101 to 143 apical denticles, with 15 to 27 transverse series of basal elements; circuli fine. D. XII or XIII, 22, 1 or 23, 1, last spine 124 to 2 in total head length, fourth ray 124 to 2 in combined head and body; A. III, 21, I or 22, 1, last spine 14% to 2 in head, tenth ray 13% to 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 224 to 3; caudal 1144 to 134, hind edge slightly double concave; pectoral 114 to 114; ventral 114 to 12. Largely light brown, each row of scales on lower side of abdomen with slightly dark longitudinal streak formed along junctures of scales. Preorbital, postocular and opercle grayish. Diffuse pale brownish streak from above down through eye and fading on cheek below. Obscure brownish line from fourth dorsal spine nearly to pectoral 72 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM origin; posterior half of back up over squamation of spinous dorsal posteriorly and all of greater basal portion of soft dorsal black. On back area broadly bordered whitish; also border forms on outer portion of soft dorsal, which pale, edge of which with blackish line and also another submarginal. Soft anal broadly bordered white, though with brown submarginal line only in smaller examples. Cauda! with pale border all around, median rays with brownish. Paired fins pale brown. Cocos Islands, East Indies, Melanesia, Polynesia. Known among all chaetodonts by the striking and contrasted black of the back posteriorly. It presents little variation. - $947. Between Paron and Jesus Points, Albay Gulf, Luzon. June 21, 1909. Length 176 mm. 8349. Buang Bay, Talajit Island. March 15,1909. Length 220 mm. A585. Busbus Point, Siasi Island. September 20, 1909. Length 196 mm. 9658. Cagayan, Sulu Island. January 8, 1909. Length 150 mm. 1247. Candaraman Island. January 4, 1909. Length 132 mm. 1024. Capunuypugan Point. May 10,1908. Length 143 mm. 12483. Endeavor Strait. December 23, 1908. Length 172 mm. 225. Endeavor Strait. December 24,1909. Length 150 mm. 9019. Langao Point, Luzon. June 24,1909. Length 167 mm. 6026 and 6027. Little Santa Cruz Island. May 28, 1908. Length 200 to 205 mm. 4739. Maricaban Island, Luzon. January 20,1908. Length 200 mm. 6237, 6238, 6274. Medio Island, Galera Bay, Mindoro. June 9, 1908. Length 195 to 220 mm. 8059. Mompog Island. March 3,1909. Length 216to222mm. Twoexamples. 8880 and 8881. Near Palag Bay, Luzon. Junei6, 1909. Leugth 186 to 159 mm. 7328 and 7329. Pandan Island near Sablayan Bay, Mindoro. December 12, 1908. Length 183 to 195 mm. _ Back anteriorly greenish yellow, horizontal stripes below pale purple, not continued to anal base. Pale purple in bar above pec- toral base and blotch under eye. Very short black ocular bar above eye. Orange bar at pectoral base. Snout, lower head and breast cadmium orange to sulphur below. ‘Tips of dorsal spines pale lemon, color continued on rays and on produced rays; edge of vertical portion of soft dorsal black resting on inframarginal bar of hyaline white near third diameter of pupil; below this very narrow black line and broad dusky scarlet orange bar which extends triangu- larly into produced portion and well along lower half of produced rays. Anal whitish on basal portion, spines and edge of soft fin bright yellow with narrow submarginal orange bar. Caudal base scarlet, color extending forward on lower portion of caudal peduncle and as orange along caudal edges, tip or edge of fin orange and rays with narrow black line each side. Pectoral dusky hyaline. Ventral lemon yellow. 10387 and 10389. Port Jamelo, Luzon. July 13, 1908. Length 157 mm. 7036 and 7047. Port San Pio Quinto, Camiguin Island. November 10, 1908. Length 192 to 222 mm. 8781. Quinalasag Island. June 12, 1909. Length 171 mm. 651. Rapurapu. June 22, 1909. Length 140 mm. 6908 and 6969. Santo Domingo, Batan. November 7, 1908. Length 202 to 217 mm. 7853. Taganak Island. January 7, 1909. Length 195 mm. Se ee eee ee ee eee FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 73 877 to 879 [189, 190]. Tataan, Simalue Island. February 20, 1908. Length 133 to 140mm. Yellowish olive green above and anteriorly, shading lavender on head. Ocular bar almost obsolete, showing as very narrow dusky stripe above eye and short blotch on lower orbit. On lower side about 6 pale lilac stripes half pupil width, narrower than interspaces. Before eye, except small lavender area, snout and lower head bright cadmium orange, continued across belly as median sulphur yellow indistinct stripe. Purplish bar down shoulder under opercular flap, continued as cadmium orange across pectoral base and in axil. Large jet black blotch occupies most of dorsal posteriorly, reaching slightly below level of caudal peduncle and forward to seventh spine; defining blotch below curved white band width of eye. Tips of dorsal spines bright sulphur yellow, below membranes pale; produced dorsal ray and bar downward on ver- tical edge orange, set off from black by yellow; vertical edge with hyaline band becoming white below, defined by black on each side. Anal broadly olive basally, extreme tip dark and lemon yellow band wide as pupil submarginal, below gray, black, orange, red, black, gray and yellow, colors most definite about center of soit part and continued down vertical edge, all but orange lost on spinous portion. Caudal hyaline white, tip crescentic orange bar, edges cad- mium and rays with fine black lines. Pectoral hyaline, rays with narrow black lines. Ventral bright sulphur yellow. 498 and 4966. Tataan, Tawi Tawi. February 21,1908. Length 148 to 180 mm. 450. Doce Can Island. January 7,1910. Length 129 mm. 19789. Gomomo Island. December 3, 1909. Length 97 mm. 6947 and 6949. West coast of Sabtan Island. November 8, 1908. Length 200 to 212 mm. 4722 and 12906. Tobea Island. December 14, 1909. Length 92 to 101 mm. 414. Togian Bay, Togian Island. November 19, 1909. Length 108 mm. 12789. Limbe Strait, Celebes. November 10, 1909. Length 92 mm. A1044 and A1053. Tidore Island, south of Ternate. Novemer 24, 1909. Length 199 to 205 mm. 4688, 4689, 4692. Apra Bay, Guam. November 19-20, 1907. Length 71 to 135 mm. 30589 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 155 to 175 mm. Two examples. 52503 U.S.N.M. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 70 to 170 mm. Nine examples. 62358 U.S.N.M. Honolulu. Dr. D. 8S. Jordan, 1908. 83289 U.S.N.M. No locality, probably Hawaiian? Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Length 25 mm. CHAETODON BENNETTI Cavier Chaetodon benneiti CuvinrR, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 84. Sumatra.— Gtntuer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 12 (Amboina).—Puay- FaIR, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1865, p. 33 (Zanzibar).—GintuerR, Cruise Curagoa, Brenchley, 1873, p. 410 (Misol, Moluccas).—Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 73 (German New Guinea; Mikindani, Hast Africa; Apaman Island).—Herre and Monta.san, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, September, 1927, p. 65, pl.8, fig. 2 (southern Batan- gas Province). Chaetodon bennettii GinTHER, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 37, pl. 29, fig. 44 (Paumotus, Society Islands, Gilbert Islands, Kingsmills). Coradion bennetti Kaur, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 147 (Sumatra). 74 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Tetragonoptrus (Rabdophorus) bennetti BLEEKER, Atlas, Ichth. Ind. Néer- land., vol. 9, 1877, p. 34, pl. (14) 376, fig. 2 (Sumatra, Java, Halmahera, Amboina). Chaetodon vinctus LAY and BENNETT, Zool. Beechey’s Voyage, Ichth., 1839, p. 62, pl. 17, fig. 1. Byam Martin Island, Paumotus. Depth 1% to 13%; head 314 to 3%, width 134 to 14%. Snout 3 to 314 in head from snout tip; eye 3 to 3%, slightly longer to 1% in snout, 1 to 124 in interorbital; maxillary 34 to 4% in snout, 34% to 32% in head; interorbital 27% to 3, convex. Gill rakers 5+14, short points, 614 in gill filaments which nearly equal eye. Scales 38 to 41 between gill opening and caudal base; tubes 28 to 36 in lateral line; 9 scales above lateral line, 20 below. Scales with 8 to 11 basal radiating striae, largely marginal with age; apical den- ticles 53 to 119, basal elements in 6 to 12 transverse series; circuli fine. D. XIV, 17,1 or 18,1, last spine 13¢ to 2 in total head length, eighth ray 114 to 14%; A. III, 16,1, third spine 12¢ to 124, seventh ray 1144 to 134; least depth of caudal peduncle 2% to 3; caudal 114% to 1%, hind edge broadly convex; pectoral 1 to 114; ventral 1 to 1\%. Pale brownish, back and bases of dorsals usually darker, also often anal base. Broad deep brown band above from occiput, but not meeting its fellow, down through eye over cheek and lower surface of head; front and hind edges each with white line, both of which usually extend down slightly on side of chest. From suprascapula white line extends down along hind edge of opercle sloping back before and below pectoral base to spinous anal origin; another more or less par- allel obliquely back from suprascapula to bases of front anal rays. Near end of Jateral line, over spinous anal, large black rounded spot, 7 to 9 scales in horizontal diameter, and with white border. Young with dark brown band, 3 scales wide, across front of caudal peduncle. Widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, from Zanzibar to the East Indies, Melanesia and Polynesia. It is not subject to much variation in color pattern, our series of specimens quite uniform. Also the changes with age are slight. 9089. Casogoran, Malhon Island. July 27,1909. Length 156 mm. Yellow, somewhat tinged orange, scale centers brightest on either side due to slight duskiness giving appearance of clear stripe through each scale row. Throat and breast bright lemon. Ocular bars scarcely touch nape, centers brown, edges bluish white. Pectoral stripes and edge of lateral ocellus bluish white, ocellus center blackish. Brownish bar begins obscurely at bases of soft dor- sal rays, crosses base of caudal peduncle and fades into anal. Similar bar across caudal, just within hyaline tip. Edges of both soft dorsal and anal somewhat orange, divided by dusky line into 2:parts. 8447. Mactan Island, Cebu. March 25, 1909. Length 162 mm. 9199, 9200. Mahinog, Camaguin. August 3, 1909. Length 157 to 168 mm. 6905. Santo Domingo, Batan. November 7, 1908. Length 155 mm. Cad- mium yellow, sides overshaded with dusky, leaving more or less obscure central FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 75 stripe through rows of scales below. Large black lateral ocellus with slaty blue rim. Bright slaty blue line from shoulder till above base of third anal spine; another from slightly above and anterior to origin of first, passing across hind opercle edge in front of pectoral base almost reaching vent. Orbital bars not quite meeting above, fading out on opercle and limited each side by slaty blue lines. Terminal third of caudal and 3% of pectoral hyaline. Submarginal dusky bar on soft dorsal, anal and caudal and more pronounced dusky bar across caudal peduncle passing into dorsal and anal through their axils: Snout somewhat dusky above. A626, A629. Simaluc Island. September 22, 1909. Length 164 and 165 mm. 22968 [160]. Tataan Bay. February 19,1908. Length85 mm. Dusky sulphur yellow, paler on breast and belly, cadmium shades above. Blackish lavender gray lateral ocellus above body axis somewhat posteriorly twice eye diameter. Ocular band umber, begins before dorsal, passes through eye about pupil width, passes below to subopercle edge and diffusely on breast; limited each side by lavender gray border slightly less than half width of dark band. In humeral region 2 lavender lines about half pupil width passing obliquely downward; posterior with only slight forward curve ends near middle of soft anal base; front one passes down before hind opercle edge and pectoral base and bends back to end near front of anal base. Indistinct umber bar crosses front of caudal peduncle, merging into cadmium orange bar at vertical base of dorsal and an indistinct bar similarly located on anal bordered indefinitely on peduncle region by gray. Short black stripe between eyes across snout. Upper lip cadmium. Opercular edge cadmium beyond gray. Dorsal body color, tips of spines and submarginal bar of soft fin cadmium, soft edge very narrowly dusky. Terminal half of caudal dusky hyaline, under this short cadmium bar. Anal like body with cadmium margin like dorsal. Pectoral dusky hyaline, cadmium at base. Ventral sulphur basally, tips cadmium. 892. West coast of Palaui Island. November 18,1908. Length 140 mm. A1374. Basa Island on reef, Celebes. December 17, 1909. Length 167 mm. A945 and A946. Dodepo and Pasejogo Islands, Celebes. November 16, 1909. Length 150 to 160 mm. A1043. North of Malibagu Point, Celebes. November 21, 1909. Length 155 mm. 561. Binang Unang Island, Una Una Road, Celebes. November 18, 1909. Length 130 mm. A710. Danawan Island. September 27, 1909. Length 147 mm. A753. Sipadan Island. September 28, 1909. Length 150 mm. CHAETGDON SPECULUM Cuvier Chaetodon speculum (KuHL and VAN Hassett) Cuvisr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7,1831,p.73. Batavia.—Gunruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 12 (copied).—Meynr, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 17 (Manado, Celebes). WEBER, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 304 (Buton Straits and Tual).—Ant, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 75 (Matupi and New Pomerania).—HerrreE and Montvat- BAN, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol 34, No. 1 September 1927, p. 66, pl. 14, fig. 2 (southern Batangas, Calapan, Masbate, Gigantangan, Quiminatin). Citharoedus speculum Kaup, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 145 (Java). Tetragonoptrus (Rabdophorus) speculum BuEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néer- land., vol. 9, 1877, p. 34, pl. (13) 375, fig. 3 (Java, Bawean, Amboina, Ceram, Banda). 76 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Chaetodon spilopleura (REINWARDT) CuviER, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 74. Moluccas. Chaetodon zanzibarensis PLAyratR, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1865, p. 33, pl. 6, fig. 1. Zanzibar.—PFrEFFeER, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anstalt., vol. 6, 1889, p. 22 (Zanzibar). Chaetodon unifasciatus (not GRonow) (VAN HassEutT) BLEEKER, Verh. kon. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam (Rev. Chaetodon.), vol. 17, 1877, p. 63 (name in synonymy). Depth 14% to 134; head 3 to 3%, width 14 to 2. Snout 3% to 33% in head; eye 224 to 32%, greater than snout in young to 11% with age, little greater than interorbital in young to 114 in interorbital ~ with age; maxillary 34 to 4 in snout, 314 to 4 in head; interorbital 224 to 234, broadly convex. Gill rakers 5+10, short points, % of gill filaments, which equal eye. Seales 42 to 44 between gill-opening and caudal base; tubes 35 to 17 in lateral line; 12 scales above lateral line, 19 or 20 below. Scales with 1 to 9 basal radiating striae, largely absent with age; apical denticles 56 to 135, with 7 to 9 series of transverse basal elements. D. XIV, 17, 1 or 18, 1, last spine 1144 to 134 in head, seventh ray 1% to 1%; A. III, 16, 1, third spine 124 to 1%, seventh ray 1% to 324; least depth of caudal peduncle 214 to 3; caudal 124 to 13%, hind edge slightly convex; pectoral 175 to 144; ventral 14% to 14%. Light brown generally. Black band from supraoccipital region to eye, which it crosses, down over cheek and front of chest where also meeting its fellow diffusely. Large blackish blotch on side of back equal to anal fin length in extent, long as head in young. Caudal with broad pale posterior edge, in young hind half of fin pale. Zanzibar, Seychelles, Kast Indies. Coloration constant and with little variation even due to age. One example (1182) differs in that a narrow brown line extends from snout tip to dorsal and along chin medianly. 8673. Biri Channel. June 2, 1909. Length 122 mm. 1182, 15389. Bolalo Bay. March 10, 1909. Length 145 mm. 1099. Bugsuk Island. January 5, 1909. Length 86 mm. 778 to 780. Jolo. March 6, 1908. Length 75 to 94 mm. A405. Jolo Market. March 7, 1908. Length 141 mm. 140 and 431. Langao Point, Luzon. June 24, 1909. Length 95 to 126 mm. 1116, 6028 to 6029, 6031. Little Santa Cruz Island. May 28, 1908. Length 136 to 160 mm. 369. Malapascua Island. March 16, 1909: Length 111 mm. 400 and 401. Matnog Bay. May 31, 1909. Length 124 to 143 mm. 6279. Medio Island, Galera Bay, Mindoro. June 9, 1908. Length 140 mm. 605 and 1092. Murcielagos Bay. August 9, 1909. Length 110 to 115 mm. 4725, 4744. Pilas Island. September 12, 1909. Length 67 to 97 mm. 629. Port Banalacan, Marinduque. February 23, 1909. Length 120 mm. 46. Port Langean, Palawan Island. April 8, 1909. Length 123 mm. 10480, 10494. Port Maricaban. July 21, 1908. Length 128 to 130 mm. | | | FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 4h 6999. Port San Pio Quinto, Camiguin Island. November 10, 1908. Length 157 mm. re 6906. Santo Domingo, Batan. November 7, 1908. Length 150 mm. 209, 794. Taganak Island. January 7, 1909. Length 117 to 127 mm 1166, 161. Tataan Bay, Simaluc Island. February 19, 1908. Length 82 mm. Sulphur yellow, dusky above, pale on breast. An elliptical black blotch long as head above axial region, slightly posterior to middle of body. Ocular band begins before front of dorsal, ends on breast, widest just below eye and some- what less than eye in width. Iris golden outside ocular band. Dorsal, anal and caudal like body, edges narrowly hyaline submarginally nearly cadmium; terminal half of caudal dusky hyaline. Pectoral dusky hyaline, yellow bas- ally. Ventral bright sulphur yellow. A564. Teomabal Island. September 18, 1909. Length 150 mm. 1050, 1051. Tulnalutan Island. September 9, 1909. Length 133 to 141 mm. 962. West coast of Palaui Island. November 18, 1908. Length 144 mm. A1155. Gane Road, Gillolo Island. December 1, 1909. Length 155 mm. 666. Hokuho, Soo Wan, Formosa. January 29, 1910. Length 150 mm. 656. Nan Wan, Formosa. January 25, 1910. Length 142 mm. A1593. Soo Wan, Formosa. January 29, 1910. Length 145 mm. CHAETCDON MACULICEPS (Ogilby) Megaprotodon maculiceps OaiLBy, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, vol. 23, 1910: p. 14. Moreton Bay. Chaetodon plebeius (not Cuvirr) Herre and Monta.san, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, September, 1927, p. 28, pl. 6, fig. 1 (Tablas). Depth 124 to 144; head 3% to 3%, width 144 to 17%. Snout 2% to 3 in head; eye 3 to 344, 1 to 1) in snout, 1 to 1% in interorbital; maxillary 3 to 34 in snout, 344 to 4 in head; interorbital 345 to 4, broadly convex. Gill rakers 7+ 14, short points, 1% of gill filaments, which 11% in eye. Scales 40 to 42 between gill opening and caudal base; tubes 30 to 32 in lateral line; 8 or 9 scales above lateral line, 16 to 19 below. Scales with 6 to 9 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 70 to 96, with 7 to 8 transverse series of basal elements. D. XIV, 16, 1 or 17, 1, last spine 13% to 2 in head, fifth ray 125 to 144; A. IV, 14, 1 or 15, 1, second spine 13% to 14%, third ray 124 to 144; least depth of caudal peduncle 224 to 3; caudal 12¢ to 11%, hind edge broadly convex; pectoral 114 to 114; ventral 11% to 114. Back brown, below pale brown to whitish. Each row of body scales with median dark brown line or stripe, broader and darker above lateral line. Large blackish longitudinal blotch along greater part of lateral line and side of back. Black band from middle of predorsal, not meeting its fellow, down through eye though only little wider than pupil and reaching gill opening below, but not on chest; margined with white line in front and behind. Black ocel- lated blotch at upper part of caudal peduncle largely, little larger than eye. Fins all dull brown, caudal broadly pale or grayish behind. 78 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Previously apparently known only from Ogilby’s description, based on an example but 75 mm. long in the Queensland Museum. This species appears to be distinct from Chaetodon plebeius in the presence of the dark blotch on the caudal peduncle. 958. Langao Point. June 24, 1909. Length 98 mm. 3612. Maculabo Island. June 13, 1909. Length 86 mm. 387. Near Palag Bay, Luzon. June 16, 1909. Length 110 mm, 489, 1152 [1640]. Porongpong Island. June 11, 1909. Length 114 to 130 mm. Pale silvery yellow, dusky stripe through each row of scales. Brown or black ocular band wide as pupil, margined each side by blue white line. Tip of snout and chin dusky orange. Postocular region with brown spots, continu- ation of dusky body stripes. On upper side, between fourth and tenth dusky stripes large black or very dark blue blotch extending very slightly behind shoulder to near base of anterior soft dorsal rays; through this blotch dusky stripes become bright blue and continue as such till above gill opening; next stripe immediately under blotch similar. Black spot on upper half of caudal peduncle crosses top in axil of dorsal, bordered below by bluish white line. Fins body color, edge of soft dorsal hyaline and brown; both dorsal and anal more or less dusky terminally; dorsal spines dusky yellow, membranes clearer and brighter. Terminal third of caudal dusky hyaline, adjoining yellow much dusted. Pectoral dusky hyaline, yellowish at base. Ventral uniform yellow, 884. Port Galera, Mindoro. June 9, 1908. Length 120 mm. [658]. 2875. Nan Wan, Formosa. Length 142 mm. CHAETODON PLEBEIUS Cuvier Chaeiodon plebeius (BRoussONET) CuvieR, Hist. Nat. Poiss:, vol. 7, 1831, p. 68. South Sea. Chaetodon plebejus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 5 (no locality); Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-8, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 35, pl. 32, fig. B (South Sea).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 104, pl. 26, fig. 3 (British Museum example).—Macteay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South _ Wales, vol. 5, 1881, p. 390 (Sue Island, Torres Strait, Queensland).—Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 3.—Anu, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 54 (Viti Island; New Guinea). D. XIV, 17 to 19; A. IV or V, 15 to 17. Scales 43 to 45. Yel- low. Dark ocular band and large ellipsoid blackish blotch below last dorsal spines and front of soft dorsal. No dark blotch on caudal peduncle. Length 100 mm. East Indies, Formosa, Queensland and Polynesia. CHAETODON DECORATUS Ahl Chaetodon decoratus Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 71, pl. 1, fig. 6. Yokohama, Japan. Apparently closely related to Chaetodon semeion but with a black band across caudal peduncle. Though the following formula is given it is not sufficiently distinct from the variations of our materi- als of Chaetodon semeion. Scales 35 laterally, 6 above, 13 below. D. XIV, 22; A. III, 20. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 79 CHAETODON SEMEION Bleeker Chaetodon semeion BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 8, 1855, p. 450. Cocos Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean.—Ginrtuer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 7 (copied); Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 37, pl. 28 (Society Islands and Samoa).—Fow.uer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1899, p. 492 (Thornton Island).—Jorpan and SEeaAxe, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, 1905 (1906), p. 343 (Apia).—Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 69 (Samoa, New Pome- rania, New Guinea).—Fow Ler and Batu, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 26; 1925 (1926), p. 17 (Wake Island). Tetragonoptrus (Rabdophorus) semeion BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néer- land., vol. 9, 1877, p. 37, pl. (12) 374, fig. 5 (Cocos, Celebes, Goram). Depth 13% to 134; head 3 to 314, width 2 to 24%. Snout 2% to 3 in head; eye 3% to 4%, 12 to 124 in snout, 1144 to 1% in interor- bital; maxillary 44 to 3 in snout, 31% to 4 in head; interorbital 33 to 34%, convex. Gill rakers 3+14, short points, % of gill filaments, which equal eye. Seales 30 or 31 between gill opening and caudal base; tubes 28 to 32 in lateral line; 8 or 9 scales above lateral line, 13 or 14 below. Scales with 11 or 12 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 145 to 160, with 23 to 35 series of basal segments transversely; circuli fine. D. XIII or XIV, 24, 1 or 25, 1, last spine 2% to 214 in head, second elongated ray 174 to 214 in combined head and body; A. III, 21,1 or 22, 1, third spine 2 to 234 in head, tenth ray 15/, to 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 324; caudal 1 to 1%, deeply emarginate with upper and lower ends slender points; pectoral 114 to 126; ventral 1% to 1%. Brown, little paler on abdomen. Broad black band from pre- dorsal to eye and down across cheek where wider, though not extended on chest or breast. Each scale on body beginning behind vertical of pectoral base with small dusky apical dot, also not on caudal peduncle or anal base; as rows of scales below lateral line shightly inclined, likewise series of dots. Soft dorsal and anal edges narrowly white, each with dusky submarginal line. Black median band diffuse and narrow at first begins on spinous dorsal posteriorly, then extends gradually expanding to last dorsal rays. Black blotch on last anal rays subbasally and narrowed forward. Caudal and paired fins uniformly pale brown. Keeling Islands, East Indies, Polynesia. 514 [1555]. Biri Channel, Balicuatro Island. June 2, 1909. Length 140 mm. General color cadmium yellow. Forehead and snout posteriorly dusky. Ocular bar equal to eye above, somewhat broader below, extends across intero- percle but not on chest. Black central band from last dorsal spine to verti- cal edge of fin, somewhat yam-shaped, rounded on vertical portion. On sides behind shoulder each scale with small black dot in central margin, these extending on soft dorsal base to black band; space above anal base and caudal peduncle immaculate, also breast and belly from level of pectoral to front of anal without spots. Dorsal spines and membranes at tips, including all 80 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM of first spines, sulphur yellow; central cadmium streak extending from base of produced ray and coloring all outer portion, behind narrow sulphur band, terminally narrower white, black and hyaline border. Anal marked as dorsal, black band beginning about fourth or fifth soft ray and very narrow half its, distance, when expanded to rounded head; spines sulphur yellow and white; black and hyaline border as in dorsal. Caudal nearly entirely hyaline, rays slightly dusky, somewhat orange basally, central strip and on finedges. Paired fins cadmium. 1077 [1643]. Butauanan Island. June 12, 1909. Length 150 mm. 508. Langao Point. June 24, 1909. Length 155 mm. 9198. Mahinog, Camiguin Island. August 3, 1909. Length 235 mm. 9090. Malhon Island. July 27, 1909. Length 205 mm. 6250. Medio Island, Galera Bay, Mindoro. June 9, 1909. Length 200 mm. A627, A628. Simaluc Island. September 22, 1909. Length 192 to 204 mm. 19552. Singaan Island. September 21, 1909. Length 106 mm. A457. Tulnalutan Island. September 9, 1909. Length 21 mm. 10441. Varadero Bay, Mindoro Island. July 23, 1908. Length 145 mm. 560. Binang Unang Island. November 18, 1909. Length 155 mm. A709. Danawan Island. September 27, 1909. Length 167 mm. A1432. Kapoposang at Ford. December 28, 1909. Length 188 mm. A698. Si Amil Island. September 26, 1909. Length 203 mm. A754. Sipadan Isiand. September 28, 1909. Length 198 mm. A1036. Buka Buka Island, Celebes. November 20, 1909. Length 202 mm. A958, A959. Sadaa Island, Celebes. November 17, 1909. Length 172 to 176mm. A1064, A1065. Tidore Island, south of Ternate. November 24, 1909. Length 202 to 208 mm. 52449 U.S.N.M. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries, 1902. Length 160 mm. CHAETODON BLACKBURNII Desjardins Chaetodon blackburnii Dessarpins, Sept. Ann. Rapp. Soc. Hist. Nat. Maurice, 1836, p. 58. Mauritius. Chaetodon blackburnt VALENCIENNES, Régne Animal, Poiss., Ill., 1839, pl. 39, . fig. 8 (note)—GitntHerR, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 32 (Mauritius)—Ant, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 53 (Mauritius). Snout slightly produced, longer than eye. Preopercle indistinctly denticulated. Scales 43, above7, below 18. D. XVI, 22, front spines rather low and third equals snout; A. III, 16; soft dorsal and anal with obtuse angle. Front part of body light colored, with brownish black ocular band, narrower than eye. Soft dorsal and anal and tail between brownish black, color deeper posteriorly. Six narrow dark stripes descend obliquely forward towards head and belly. Caudal and paired fins colorless in spirits. (Giinther.) Ahl gives its dimensions as 100 mm. The imperfectly described Chaetodon luctulosus* may be the present species. Snout short. D. XIV, 17; A. II], 16. Body with longitudinal streaks. Length 126 to 152 mm. 4Quoy and GaAIMARD, Voy. Uranie, Zool., January 29-May 26, 1825, p. 382. No locality —CuvirEr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 37 (no locality).—-GQuNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 33 (copied). FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 81 We have been unable to locate the original publication of the description of the present species. The above reference is simply quoted from Valenciennes, as evidently the case with Giinther and Ahl. CHAETODON LEUCOPLEURA Playfair Chaetodon leucopleura Puayrair, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1866, p. 35, pl. 6, fig. 3. Zanzibar. Depth 1144; head 3144. Snout 3 in head from snout tip; eye 314, 1144 in snout; maxillary 4 in head. Preopercle entire. Scales 27 in lat- eral line, 5 above, 13 below. D. XII, 23 or 24; A. III, 26; soft dorsal and anal obtusely angular behind; caudal slightly emarginate. Dark ocular band little narrower than orbit, extends from dorsal origin down to chest. Muzzle blackish, with several yellowish lines across interorbital and 2 yellow circular markson neck. Hind oper- cle edge yellow. Back and belly brown, shaded to white or yellowish at middle of sides. On belly 5 or 6 longitudinal yellow stripes, high- est back from pectoral axil. Vertical fins yellow, with gray submar- ginal line on soft fin. Caudal yellow, with broad gray edge. Pecto- ral white. Ventral yellow. Length 191mm. (Playfair.) CHAETODON LEUCOPYGUS Ahl Chaetodon leucopygus Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 72, pl. 2 fig. 12. Daressalem. Snout 114 to 1144 in eye, which 3 in head. Scales 31, in lateral line, 5 above, 13 below. D. XII, 22 or 23; A. III, 18; soft dorsal and anal each forming right angle; caudal truncate. Whitish. Broad dark ocular bar. Dull band extends from above caudal peduncle down toward anal front basally. Narrow dark lines within scale rows along body below. Vertical fins yellowish white, edges white and with submarginal dark line; dorsal from seventeenth ray dark brown. Caudal posteriorly with milk-white crescentic edge, before it clear brown and still anterior milk-white band. Paired fins whitish. Length 109 mm. (Ahl.) CHAETODON HOWENSIS Waite Chaetodon howensis Wa1TE, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 5, 1903, p. 33, fig. 2. Lord Howe Island. D. XII, 25; A. II], 18. Scales 48. White, with 5 broad black bands, all wider than interspaces, first ocular, second from front of spinous dorsal, third widest and from middle of spinous dorsal, fourth at front of soft dorsal to anal and fifth at caudal base. Fin spines yellow. Length 157mm. (Waite.) 82 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CHAETODON DAEDALMA Jordan and Fowler Chaetodon daedalma Jorpan and Fow ter, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1903, p. 538, fig. 4. Nafa, Okinawa. Readily known by its entirely reticulate pattern, the edge of each scale deep brown to dusky and the center yellowish. 51390 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa, Rui Kiu. Prof. J. O. Snyder. Length 143 mm. CHAETODON NIPPON Steindachner and Déderlein Chaetodon nippon (D6DERLEIN) STEINDACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. K1., vol. 48, abth. 1, 1884, p. 23, pl. 4, fig. 2. Tokio—Jorpan and Fow.temr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1903, p. 537 (Totomi Bay, Misaki, Tokio market).—Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 78 (type). Chaetodon carens SEALE, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 5, No. 2, July, 1910, p. 115, pl. 1, fig. 1. Bantayan Island, Philippines—Hrrre and MontaLBAaNn, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, September, 1927, p. 55, pl. 15, fig. 2 (type). Chaetodon ocellifer Franz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 4, suppl., vol. 1, 1910, p. 49, pl. 5, fig. 35. Nagasaki. Osteochromis larvatus Franz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 4, suppl., vol. 1, 1910, p. 52, pl. 5, fig. 43. Chaetodon decipiens Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 79 (on Chaetodon nippon JORDAN and Fow.eER, not STEINDACHNER and D6DERLEIN). D. XIII, 19 to 21; A. III, i6 or 17; scales 35 or 40. Body nearly uniform brown. We have united the nominal Chaetodon carens with this species as it shows no structural differences. The broad dark band from the middle of the spinous dorsal extending down and occupying most of the anal is apparently a variable character. 50802 U.S.N.M. Totomi Bay. Three examples. Length 87 to 127 mm. 72111 U.S.N.M. Misaki, Sagami. Three examples. Length 119 to 138 mm. CHAETODON XANTHOCEPHALUS Bennett Chaetodon xanthocephalus BENNETT, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1832, p. 182. Ceylon.—Ginruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 33 (type).—Puayrair, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1865, p. 36 (Zanzibar).— Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 104, pl. 26, fig. 4 (type); Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 3—Aunt, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 68 (Mikindani, East Africa) —Barnarp, Ann. South. Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, October, 1927, p. 613 (Mozambique). Depth 134; head 414; eye 4 in head, 114 in snout, 14% in inter- orbital. Preopercle indistinctly serrated. Scales 44 to 46 in lateral line, 11 above, 18 below. D. XIII or XIV, 25 to 27; A. III, 24; soft dorsal and anal rounded. No ocular band, small dark blotch above orbit. Brownish, with 6 indistinct dark vertical streaks. Dorsal and anal dark violet, edges white. Caudal and ventral yel- lowish. (Day.) . ee. ee ee ee ee a ee ee ee ee ll ie We FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 83 __ wast Africa, Zanzibar, India, Ceylon. We have examined a single example. 43938 U.S.N.M. Mauritius. Colonel Nicholas Pike. Length 203 mm. CHAETODON NIGRIPINNATUS Desjardins Chaetodon nigripinnatus Drssarpins, Dix. Rapp. Soc. Hist. Nat. Maurice, 1836, p. 57. Mauritius. Chaetodon -nigripinnis Peters, Arch. Naturg., vol. 21, 1855, p. 246. Mo- zambique.—GUtnTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 32 (copied). Choetodon (Tetragonoptrus) nigripinnis SauvaGE, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 260, pl. 29, fig. 4 (type). Chaetodon xanthocephalus (not BENNETT) Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth. 8, Heft 5, 1923, p. 68 (type of Chaetodon nigripinnis). This nominal form according to Sauvage is not clearly distinct from Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett with its developed fins, blackish marginally, bordered red at base and 5 transverse brown lines on body. CHAETODON FREMBLI Bennett Chaetodon fremblii BENNETT, Zool. Journ., vol. 4, 1828, p. 42. Hawaiian Islands.—GtnTuHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 16 (type); Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 39, pl. 29, fig. B (Hawaii).—Fow ter, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 22, 1925, p. 26 (Honolulu).— Fow.er and Batt, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 26, 1925 (1926), p. 17 (French Frigate Shoals; Laysan). Chaetodon frehmli bennetti Kaup, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 16 (Hawaii). Yellow, with 9 blue longitudinal lines. No ocular band, but black predorsal blotch and black band from last dorsal rays across tail, but not on anal. 51113, 55094, 58534 U.S.N.M. Hawaii. Bureau of Fisheries. Four examples. 58537 U.S.N.M. Laysan Island. Max Schlemmer. CHAETODON FLAVIROSTRIS Giinther Chaetodon flavirostris GUNTHER, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 41, pl. 32, fig. A. Vavau, Friendly Islands.—SeEatez, Occ. Papers, Bishop Mus., vol. 4, No. 1, 1906, p. 64 (Faté, New Hebrides). Suggestive of the design of Chaetodon adiergastos Seale but without dark lines on each row of scales longitudinally. Differs also in black- ish vertical band from bases of dorsal rays crossing tail to bases of anal rays. CHAETODON MITRATUS Ginther Chaetodon mitratus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 16. Mauritius. Snout moderately produced. Preopercle entire. Scales 35 in lat- eral line, 6 above, 15 below. D. XIII, 19; A. ILI, 14; dorsal and anal rounded posteriorly. Ocular band crosses head above orbits and not extending to interopercle. Broad oblique brown band from nape toward but not quite to soft anal; second parallel along back to lower side of tail. Dorsal with fine brown submarginal line. Anal, caudal and ventral yellowish. Length 94mm. (Giinther.) 84 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM | | . CHAETODON MODESTUS Schlegel Chaetodon modestus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japon., Poiss., dec. 5 and 6, 1844, p. 80, pl. 4, fig. 2. Nagasaki.—Ricuarpson, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 246 (China, Japan).—BLrEKeER, Verh. Akad. Wetenseh. Amsterdam, vol. 1, No. 1, 1854, p. (2)8 (Kaminoseki).—Kauvp, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, 1860, p. 153 (China, Japan).—GinrTuer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 10 (Japan, China); Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 1, 1880, p 63 (Yokohama).—K, 1913, p. 310 (Saleyer).—CockrErEL, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 3, 1915, p. 44 (Queensland).—Aut, Arch. Naturg., vol. 89, abth A, Heft 5, 1923, p. 30 (Ralum, Thilenius Harbor, New Guinea, Samoa, Madras). Heniochus chrysostoma GintTuHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 41 (Amboina).—E era, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 489 (Luzon, Manila). Chaetodon chrysostomus (PARKINSON) Cuvinr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 99. Tahiti (name in synonymy). Taurichthys chrysostomus BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néerland., vol. 9, 1877, p. 29, pl. (4) 366, fig. 2 (Flores, Ternate, Ceram, Amboina, Banda, Goram, New Guinea). Heniochus melanistion BurrKxer, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 7, 1854, p. 98. Banda, Neira. Heniochus drepanoides THIOLLIDRE, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 166. Wood- lark Island. Drepane cocher (MonTROUZIER) THIOLLibRE, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 166 (name in synonymy). Depth 11% to 134; head 234 to 244, width 2 to 24g. Snout 2% to 3 in head; eye 27% to 314, 11% to 11 in snout, greater than interor- bital in young to equal to interorbital with age; maxillary 4% to 3% in snout, 5 to 52¢ in head. Interorbital 334 to 4, broadly and slightly convex; with age strong, short, variably simple or bifid supraorbital spine, greatly shorter than pupil. Gil] rakers 3+ 12, short points, about yo of gill filaments, which 13¢ in eye. Tubes 47 to 54 in lateral line to caudal base; 10 or 11 scales above lateral line, 24 to 26 below. Scales with 9 to 15 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 68 to 90, with 6 to 10 transverse series of basal ele- ments; circuli fine. D. XII, 21, 1 or 22,1, fourth spine 1 to 214 in combined head and body, second ray 114 to 124 in head; A. III, 17,1 to 19,1, third spine 144 to 1%, fourth ray 234 to 314; least depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 344; caudal truncate, slightly convex as expanded, 124 to il4; pectoral 2144 to 234 in combined head and body; ventral 23% to 3. Pale to whitish generally. Broad blackish-brown oblique band from eye and predorsal to most of post-ventral region, including pec- toral base. Muzzle, interorbital and occipital region pale or whitish, with blackish median streak at snout tip. Second broad blackish 152 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM band from fourth and fifth dorsal spines obliquely to include posterior half of soft anal, which in young with median black ocellus large as eye. Rather diffuse brown oblique band along soft dorsal base and reflected as dark triangular blotch on caudal basally above. Ventrals black. Pectoral whitish. Iris brown. East Indies, Queensland, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Hawaii. The fourth dorsal spine is usually more elongated in the young, but it is always with a more or less broadly membranous border behind. Some old examples also show rather large variable trifid or bifid supraorbital spines. 515. Biri Channel. June 2,1909. Length 126 mm. 4638. Bubuan Island. February 14,1909. Length 97 mm. 4616. Calangaman Island. March 16,1909. Length 141 mm. 1248. Candaraman. January 4,1909. Length 120 mm. 7975. Catbalogan, Samar. April 16,1908. Length 115 mm. 3889, 3890. Endeavor Strait. December 23,1908. Length 106 to 140 mm. 18987. Gubat Bay, Luzon. June 23,1909. Length 122 mm. 7748. Jolo market. February 12,1908. Length 149 mm. 1103, 1104, 6032, 6081. Little Santa Cruz Island. May 28, 1908. Length 105 to 157 mm. 6789. Malanipa Island. April 29,1909. Length 165 mm. 6241, 6272, 6278. Medio Island, Galera Bay, Mindoro. June 9, 1908. Length 148 to 150 mm. 8991. Near Palag Bay, Luzon. June 16,1909. Length 146 mm. 447. Pandanon Island. March 23,1909. Length 84 mm. 4778. Port Maricaban. July 21,1908. Length 140 mm. 724. Port Palapag. June 23,1909. Length 118 mm. 9312. Silino Island. April 10, 1909. Length 159 mm. One example. Subig Bay. January 7,1908. Length 26 mm. 999, 1000, 1001. Tataan, Simaluc Island. February 20, 1908. Length 100 to 121 mm. 4979. Tataan Island. February 21,1908. Length 147 mm. 5829. Tataidaga Bay. May 15, 1908. Length 128 mm. 262. Tutu Bay, Jolo, second anchorage. September 19,1909. Length 115 mm. 485. Talisse Island. November 9, 1909. Length 120 mm. A1210. Gomomo Island. December 3, 1909. Length 140 mm. 52523 U.S.N.M. Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 76 to 134 mm. Three examples. HENIOCHUS SINGULARIUS Smith and Radcliffe Heniochus singularius SMiru and Rapcurrre, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, 1911, p. 321, fig.2. Alibijaban Island, Luzon, Philippines, Formosa, East Borneo, Celebes, Gillolo Island.—Hrrre and Monrasan, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, Sep. 1927, p. 77, pl. 18, fig. 2 (Batangas and Quiminatin). Depth 114 to 134; head 3 to 314, width 2 to 214. Snout 236 to 214 in head; eye 314 to 4, 12s to 134 in snout, 1 to 14 in interorbital; maxillary 24 to 34 in snout, 4 to 5 in head; interorbital 344 to 334, broadly convex; above each eye a strong, short, horny spine, less than pupil and little developed in smaller examples; with age obtuse, short | | FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 153 bony tubercle at predorsal. Gill rakers 2+ 10, short points, about 7¢ of gill filaments, which equal eye. Tubes 55 or 56 in lateral line to caudal base; 12 to 14 scales above lateral line, 28 or 29 below. Scales with 10 to 12 basal radiating striae and 0 to 6 incomplete auxiliaries; apical denticles 80 to 145, with 13 to 22 transverse series of basal elements; circuli fine. D. XII, 27,1 or 28, 1, fourth spine 124 to 24% in combined head and body, sixth ray 12¢ to 124 in head; A. III, 16, 1 or 17, 1, third spine 134 to 144, fourth ray 114 to 114; least depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 31%; caudal truncate, slightly convex behind with age, 124 to 13; pectoral 1 to 1144; ventral 1 to 114. Largely dark brown. Pale or whitish band from middle of inter- orbital down over nostrils to chin, where broader. Lips similarly pale. Broad pale to whitish vertical band from predorsal above tubercle down including greater postocular region to chest, where greatly widened down to ventrals. Dorsals, caudal and pectorals all pale to whitish. This leaves large median area of body dark with its front and hind marginal sections as broad blackish bands, including below ventrals and anal; inner margins of band diffuse within brown and little marked. Philippines, Formosa. A handsome species, greatly like Heniochus varius but with pale lips and a pale band vertically across the muz- zle. It also has a uniformly pale or light soft dorsal and caudal, besides most of the spinous dorsal. 8148, 8149, 8162 (No. 67,354 U.S.N.M. Type). Alibijaban Island, Ragay Gulf, Luzon. Length 217 to 220 mm. Interorbital below horns and still lower white, slightly dusky before cheek. Bar from front of dorsal downward includes all of head posteriorly except opercle tip and all of breast to ventral bases silvery white, upper portion slightly dusky with somewhat brassy tinge. Third dorsal spine gray, color continued as lighter band diagonally across side through middle of anal. First 2 dorsal spines black, color passes downward to include all of ventral bases and all of abdominal region darker, scales mar- ginal darker brown with pearly or purplish centers. Dorsal from tip of fifth spine to base of sixth and diagonally along its basal edge, including upper and posterior caudal peduncle and all of caudal fin cadmium orange, becoming slightly dusky toward tips of soft rays; scales below dorsal posteriorly black, especially marginally, center of each with steel bluish area, becoming smaller lower down toward anal base. Front and vertical edge of anal purplish black. Pectoral base blackish, including all ray bases and all of scaly portion, rest lemon yellow. Ventral black. 8717. Batan Island, Rapurapu Isiand. June 5, 1909. Length 185 mm. 8239. Galvaney Island, Ragay Gulf. March 9, 1909. Length 238 mm. 9348. Murcielagos Bay, Mindanao. April 21, 1909. Length 180 mm. 8387. Port Dupon, Leyte Island. March 17, 1909. Length 192 mm. A701, A702. Si Amil Island. September 26, 1909. Length 225 to 227 mm. 7706. Ulugan Bay near Rita Island. December 29, 1909. Length 173 mm. A963, A964. Binang Unang Island. November 17,1909. Length 210 to 219 mm. A1153, A1154. Gane Road, Gillolo Island. December 1, 1909. Length 152 to 170 mm. A1598. Soo Wan, Formosa. January 29, 1910. Length 200 mm. 154 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM HENIOCHUS ACUMINATUS (Linnaeus) Chaetodon acuminatus Linnanus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 272. Indies; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 460.—Gme.in, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1241 (India)—Wa.savm, Arted. Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 410 (on Linnanus).—Forster, Fauna Indica, 1795, p. 14.— ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 229 (India).—Lacépipz, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 455, 479 (on LinnaEvs). Chetodon acuminatus BONNATERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 80 (Indies). Heniochus acuminatus Cuvizr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 98 (copied).— JorDAN and EvEeRMANN, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 23, pt. 1, 1903(1905), p. 376, pl. 55 (Honolulu).—EvrerMANN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906(1907), p. 97 (Bulan, San Fabian).—Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 510 (Okinawa).—Braurort, Bijd. Dierk., Amster- dam, vol. 19, 1913, p. 125 (Sorong, New Guinea).—Wessrr, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 310 (Tual and Postillon Island).—McCuttocna, Austral. Zoologist, vol. 2, pt. 3, Feb. 10, 1922, p. 91, pl. 27, fig. 232 (New South Wales).—Fowter, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1925, p. 252 (Natal); Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 22, 1925, p. 28 (Honolulu).—Herre and MontTa.BAN, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 1, Sep. 1927, p. 76, pl. 19, fig. 2 (Subic Bay, Puerto Galera, Calapan, Gaspar, Bennett Island, Gato, Cebu, Buenavista, Jolo). Chaetodon macrolepidotus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 274. Indies; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 464.—Buocu, Naturg. Ausl. Fische, vol. 3, 1787, p. 69, pl. 100, fig. 1 (East Indies)—GmeE in, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1247 (Indies) —Waxsavm, Arted. Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 416 (on Linnazus and Biocy).—ForsteEr, Fauna Indica, 1795, p. 15.—BtLumensacu, Handb. Nat., 1799, p. 275.—ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 231 (India).—Lactp&pE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 455, 478, pl. 12, fig. 1 (East Indies). ; Chetodon macrolepidotus BONNATERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 85, pl. 46, fig. 175 (India). Heniochus macrolepidotus Cuvinr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 93 (Mauritius, Manila, Celebes, New Guinea, Trinquemale).—RipreE.t, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fische, 1835, p. 36 (Red Sea).—ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., dec. 5-6, 1844, p. 82, pl. 44, fig. 1 (Nagasaki).—Ruicu- ARDSON, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 246 (copied). —GtnrueEr, Cat. Fish, Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 39 (Ceylon, Amboina, Port Essington, Aus- tralia).—GuicuEnot, Notes I. Réunion, vol. 2, 1862, p. 26.—BLEEKER, Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 2, 1865, p. 31 (Manila Bay).—Day, Fishes of Malabar, 1865, p. 33.—PLayrair, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1866, p. 37.— KKLUNZINGER, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 1870, p. 784 (Red Sea).—CarE._o, Jorn. Soc. Sci. Lisboa, 1871, p. 200 (Mozambique).— Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 110, pl. 8, fig. 3—Marrens, Preuss Exp. Ost-Asien, 1876, p. 388 (Singapore).—PrTrers, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876, p. 488 (Mauritius)—Macueay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 2, 1878, p. 352 (Port Darwin).—KAro.t1, Termesz. Fiizetek, Budapest, vol. 5, 1881, p. 155 (Hirado) —KLUNZzINGER, Fische Roth. Meer., 1884, p. 58, pl. 8, fig. 3—Mrysr, An. Soc. Espajiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 17 (Manado, Celebes; Cebu).—Bov- LENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 657 (Muscat, East Arabia).— PrerFrer, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anstalt., vol. 6, 1889, p. 22 (Zanzibar).— Day, Fauna Brit. India, pt. 2, 1889, p. 12, fig. 3—VinciauErRRA, Giorn. Rom. Sci. Biol., ser. 2, vol. 19, 1890, p. 486 (Zanzibar).— PFEFFER, Ost- Afrik. Fische, 1893, p. 8.—E.urra, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 155 488 (Manila, Luzon, Novatas).—Isaikawa and Marsuura, Prelim. Cat. Fish. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 52.—Jorpan and Fowter, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1902, p. 542 (Wakanoura and Nagasaki).—Fow Ler, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12, ser. 2, 1904, p. 544 (Padang).— ReGan, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, pt. 2, 1905, p. 330 (Per- sian Gulf).—Gutcurist and Tuompson, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1908, p. 160 (Natal).—Franz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 4, suppl, vol. 1, 1910, p. 50 (Fukuura and Aburatsubo, Japan).—ZUGMAYER, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl. vol. 26, abth. 6, 1913, p. 11 (Oman).—PELLEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 39, 1914, p. 227 (Diego Suarez, Madagascar).—McCutuocu, Biol. Res. Endeavour, vol. 4, pt. 4, Oct. 31, 1916, p. 193 (off New South Wales).—Barnarp, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 607 (Natal, Delagoa Bay, Mozambique). Diphreutes macrolepidotus Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1141 (Pinang, Singapore, Malay Peninsula). Taurichthys macrolepidotus BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néerland., vol. 9, 1878, p. 29 (Sumatra, Pinang, Singapore, Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Solor, Timor, Celebes, Ternate, Batjan, Buru, Obi major, Amboina, Ceram, Banda, Luzon, New Guinea). Taurichthys microlepidotus BunEKeER, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Néerland., vol. 9, 1878, p. 29, pl. (5)367, fig. 1. Chaetodon bifasciatus SHaw, Gen. Zool., vol. 4, 1803, p. 342. Indian Seas, Chaetodon mycteryzans Gray, Cat. Fish. Gronow, vol. 2, 1854, p. 76. No locality (on VALENTYN). Heniochus intermedius STEINDACHNER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 102, Heft 1, 1893, p. 222, pl. 2, fig. 2. Red Sea at Suez. Heniochus diphreutes JonvdaAn, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, 1903, p. 694, fig. 3. Wakamoura, Japan. Depth 114 to 1%; head 234 to 27%, width 214 to 214. Snout 244 to 234 in head; eye 3 to 334, 1144 to 1% in snout, greater than inter- orbital; maxillary 34 to 24 in snout, 41% to 5 in head; interorbital 324 to 34%, broadly convex; with age small, low supraorbital spine anteriorly. Gill rakers 3+11 short points, about 74 of gill filaments, which 1}% in eye. Tubes 44 to 46 in lateral line to caudal base; 10 or 11 scales above lateral line, 25 or 26 below. Scales with 10 or 11 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 68 to 113, with 11 to 25 transverse series of basal elements; circuli fine. D. XI or XII, 24, 1 to 26, 1, fourth spine elongate filament, in some examples greater than total length of fish by half length of combined head and body, tenth ray 12¢ to 124 in head; A. III, 18, 1 or 19, 1, third spine 114 to 144, fourthray 1 to1%; least depth of caudal peduncle 234 to 3; caudal truncate, hind edge slightly convex not expanded, 125 to 1%; pectoral 2's to 3 in combined head and body; ventral 23% to 34. Largely whitish. Broad blackish-brown band from front of spinous dorsal, widening below to include pectoral base and all of postventral space, also extended below along front or lower edge of anal. Another 156 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM similar band, little more inclined, from middle of spinous dorsal down to include posterior half of anal. Pectoral whitish, like caudal. Ventral black. Iris whitish. Red Sea, Zanzibar, Mozambique, Natal, Mauritius, Reunion, Sey- chelles, India, Andamans, East Indies, Philippines, China, Japan, Riu Kiu, Queensland, Polynesia, Hawaii. 18509. Canmahala Bay, Ragay Gulf,insmallstream. March11,1909. Length 47 mm. 4748. Cebu market. August 27-28,1909. Length 31-37 mm. Five examples. 8243, 8248, 8249. Galvaney Island, Ragay Gulf, Luxon. March 9, 1909. Length 130 to 170 mm. 5195. Jolo market. March 7, 1908. Length 167 mm. 11677. Mariveles Bay. January 30, 1909. Length 88 mm. 8425. Pandanon Island. March 23, 1909. Length136 mm. . 4748, 4753. Subig Bay. January 7, 1908. Three examples. Length 24 to 92 mm. Black bar between eyes and black above snout. Black band from front of dorsal and first 3 spines to and ineluding ventrals; black band after fourth dorsal spine to eleventh, obliquely back and downward and including posterior half of anal. Anal spines and edge black. Tips of last four dorsal spines, all of soft dorsal, caudal and pectoral lemon yellow. Produced dorsal spine pure white with front edge dusky, white extending below and including anal. Breast and head silvery. 2029 (D.5147). February 16, 1908. Length 42 mm. A1541. Doc Can Island. January 7, 1910. Length 152 mm. A930. Dodepo and Pasejogo Islands, Dutch East Indies. November 16, 1909. Length 168 mm. Bands alternately white and brown, central white band continued through extended dorsal ray. Ends of dorsal, caudal and pectoral lemon yellow. 32697 U.S.N.M. Indian Archipelago. Leiden Museum. Length 168 mm. 43939. U.S.N.M. Mauritius. Colonel Nicholas Pike. Length 125 to 243 mm. Four examples. 51088 U.S.N.M. Hawaii. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 170 mm. 52471. U.S.N.M. Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 138 mm. 52798 U.S.N.M. Hawaii. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 163 mm. 55027 U.S.N.M. Honolulu. Albatross collection. Length 150 to 163 mm. Two examples. 55961 U.S.N.M. Bacon, Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 108 mm. 55976 U.S.N.M. San Fabian. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 52 mm. 71692 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa. Albatross collection, 1906. Length 62 to 70 mm. Two examples. 82779 U.S.N.M. Fiji. Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Length 38 to 50 mm. Two examples. Genus HOLACANTHUS Lacépéde Holacanthus Lachrkpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1803, p. 525. Type Chaetodon tricolor Buocu, designated by BLerKeErR, Arch. Néerland. Sci. Nat., vol. 12, 1876, p. 307. Genicanthus Swatnson, Nat. Hist. Animals, vol. 2, 1839, p. 212. Type Holacanthus lamarck Lachrkpr, designated by Swain, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1882, p. 273. Centropyge Kaur, Arch. Naturg., vol. 26, abth. 1, p. 188. Type Holacanthus tibicen CuviER, monotypic. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 157 Chaetodontoplus BLEEKER, Arch. Néerland. Sci. Nat., vol. 12, 1876, p. 307. Type Holacanthus septentrionalis SCHLEGEL, orthotypic. Acanthochaetodon BLEEKER, Arch. Néerland. Sci. Nat., vol. 12, 1876, p. 308. Type Holacanthus annularis LAchPEDE, orthotypic. Angelichthys JoRDAN and EvERMANN, Rep. U.S. Fish Comm., pt. 21, 1895 (1896), p. 420. Type Chaetodon ciliaris LINNAEUS, orthotypic. Xtphypops JORDAN and JoRDAN, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, 1922, p. 64. Type Holacanthus fisheri SNYDER, orthotypic. Body ovoid, oblong ovoid or subrhomboid, rather robust. Hind preopercle edge serrate and with large spine at angle below, which usually grooved. Short interopercle with strong spines. Scales small, roughened and usually with many small ones intermixed, in 50 to 90 series transversely on body. Though lateral line usually concurrent with profile of back and complete to caudal base, mostly inconspic- uous. Dorsal spines strong, 12 to 15, graduated usually to last which longest. Soft dorsal and anal usually rounded, sometimes pointed, only occasionally former ending in filament posteriorly. Caudal mostly rounded. Ventrals usually little longer than pectorals. Among the most handsome of coral reef fishes the members of this genus are rather noteworthy for the richness of their colors, though frequently gaudy and of beautiful design. Some are among the most extreme in contrast of colors of all fishes. Besides the numerous species listed below, 2 small examples 10 to 13 mm. long from Varadero Bay, July 22, i968, are evidently the young of some species of Holacanthus, apparently at present unidentifiable. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES 158 pe ere ane eae GA) bole! ee CS See eR eT Po Se ae ae Se se Sen Pe eh Fo a yourq ATusojtun Apog *,7 MeO ner sao oe te iy RD Se = = [esiop snoulds jo a[pprut MOTEq YoJOTq [B19ZBT PoysesyUOS OFT AA “17 ‘yiep ATuIOsIun Aposrey Apog *.¥ TOOOGR Se eG 3 en ise SS iS JTBY 10110480d youTq YIM poyseizUoD ATdaeys ‘MoT[eA Apo Jo Jey IOWoyUy *; 4 SNUIISSIABQ ~~~ >> 77-7 - >> souly A¥snp [Burlsrvwgns Yy4yIM suy [BdI4ZI0A 4yos {Aysnp a4e Jo Japs0qg { MoOTTo4 Apog °,¥ “SpuBd [B10}V] OSIOASUBIZ YIVp AUBUT OF MJ IO [B}UOZIIOY YIVp YOULSIP ynoyyIM IO UTLOFIUN Apog °C “IB[NSUB ATJOUTYSIP ysvoT 4B 10 pozurod [euR pue [esIOp 4Jog *,a SnYyyUvoBIp ~-~- ~~~ spueq on[q [BUIpNzIZuoT YAM [euse {spueq [e10}e, polopsog-yoRTq pouygep A[divys g 03 g Ajasuoasuvsy, 6 SOU CUse cee) OF ae SO TT aS Se oe ae ed ye Oy ee a YBI14YS O1JUBOSIO FYSI] YIM ofvos yous ‘uMOIG *,2 CORO eee eee Ae tee ser Ge om en a ATS a Zoo NS ea ae a a Ses [eueve opnypour 04 as¥q [esIOp 4JOS WOIJ puodes ‘ATIOq 0} [BsIOpeid pue vAOGe PBA WO pouTpOUT 481g ‘soyoz0Tq YSIHyoV[q pvoiq Z YIM Apog °z2 SNyBNIVUTI}” ~~~ puvq 104ynNo ‘yIVp ‘pRoiq YIM [wue ‘ye1euNY JayyouR pue [esIOpoid 4B Snj[900 YIvp {Mo][ak Apog *,2 “MOTION TBPNBD *z UAT OUAS = ae Ae se Sq JOOIA YSIYoB[G 10 UMOIG A]IOTIO}SOd “Je[OIA YSudeIZ ATIOWIOYUB ‘yIBVp Apoq {Aysnp Tepneg “yy ‘[BSIOp JOS UO Sn][e00 OU ‘spueq [B10}R] YIVp ‘JoT[eied ‘as1aAsuBIy ‘MOLIvU ON *6 ‘SSUIYIVUL MOT[OA PO}VSNIVA JNOYIIM puB on{q you pwoy] ‘2f WOCOICSUIOUINGE Sh (80 apace a> ae ee ae con aoe onenn nota teen Semon is teen Be a ee ae RT Se a spuvq qnoyyM Apo /AT1O1I10}8s0d [es1op 4jos uo sny~e00 yoRTq ‘SayozO[q puv szods MOTJeA [TBS s[qBIIeA YAM ‘YsInTq pBeT] 1f ‘9[BU8 [BUIZIVUL AUB 4NOYYIM ‘papuNo [vue puv [esIOp 4JOg *;2 OUT] [B10}8T UI OQ 07 OF JNOge ‘aZ1v] SalBOg = “SOHLNVOWIO]] *)p “‘SnUIy4s! YyIM peutol A[pBworqg souviq “WOU [IIS Spayeqo] o8pa jeseq ‘1opioq osornurds 4ynoy4yIM 410 qdIM “pozersys AT[ByUOZTIOY pus ATYZOOUIS saovjIns posodxa YYIM So[vog +9 ‘puryoq A[xeAuo0d pepuNo! JO asnyqo [epneD *.0 SUlasonefeur {= 34 ~~ = s455 55 Mies eA ape See ee ated sjerquaa f4ods yIep YAM [esjUaAeId fsoul, yIBp osIOAsUBIy CT WII Opig 3q Bee aO PORDaS em agp eee OE in Gare oe ae a ae MO[Iq PUB \ ° 7 zs fe Se —— So | Ted j\ FIG. 23.—ROSTRAL VARIATION WITH AGE oF NASO TAPEINOSOMA (BLEEKER) caudal emarginate or lunate, with age upper lobe produced in moder- ate filament, 24 to 314 in combined head and body; least depth of caudal peduncle 5 to 51 in head; pectoral 13% to 124; ventral 1, to 214; caudal peduncle with 2 bony bucklers, each with broad keel, anterior larger or 514 to 52. Largely uniform brown. Iris light brown. Soft dorsal and anal each with 3 longitudinal blackish-brown bands, rest of fins together with spinous fins dull brown; edges of soft dorsal and anal narrowly whitish. Caudal brown like body, hind edge very narrowly whitish. Paired fins brown, hind pectoral edge rather broadly pale brown. East Indies. From Ginther’s translation of Bleeker’s description our specimens differ in that Giinther gives 29 soft dorsal rays, 28 anal and caudal bucklers not keeled. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 285 7828, 7829. Bugsuk Island. January 5, 1909. Length 418 to 486 mm. 5938. Zamboanga. May 25, 1908. Length 305 mm. NASO THYNNOIDES (Valenciennes) Azinurus thynnoides VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 299, pl. 293. Dorey Harbor, New Guinea; Régne Animal Cuvier, Ill., Poiss., 1839, pl. 74, fig. 3. Naseus thynnoides BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 2, No. 7, 1857, p. (5) 5 (Amboina).—GtnrueEr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 355 (Amboina). Naso thynnoides Herre, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 34, No. 4, Dec. 1927, p. 469, pl. 7, fig. 3 (Bulalacao Bay, Tablas, Ibahay, Mariveles, Dumaguete). _—@ ee, @) Fig. 24.—ROsSTRAL VARIATION WITH AGE OF NASO THYNNOIDES (VALENCIENNES) Depth 24 to 31%; head 34 to 4144, width 1% to 2. Snout 1% to 2 in head; eye 2% to 414, 1144 to 214 in snout, 1 to 13% in interor- bital; teeth 60 to 64 in jaws, slender, little compressed, pointed; maxil- lary 414 to 5 in head; interorbital 224 to 3, broadly convex in young, convexly elevated with age. Gill rakers 4+11, fleshy, broad, short. Body minutely asperous, velvety to touch; asperities scarcely larger in young, velvety. D. III or IV, 29, 1 or 30, 1, last spine 2 to 22¢ in head, first ray 2 to 214; A. II, 27,1 or 28, 1, second spine 3% to 314, first ray 214 to 24; caudal deeply emarginate or forked in young, slightly emargin- ate as expanded in adult, 4 to 44% in combined head and body; least 286 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM depth of caudal peduncle 514 to 524 in head; pectoral 12g; ventral 2 to 214; caudal peduncle with single caudal spine on buckler, base 114 to 2% in eye, vestigeal and only present on left side in youngest example. Dull brown, scarcely paler below. Iris brown. Dorsal and anal brownish black with several whitish bands obliquely and longitudi- nally, edges also narrowly whitish. Other fins pale brownish. East Indies, Philippines. Axinurus thynnoides was based on an example but 152 mm. long and agrees in every way with our small specimens. The species reaches a moderate size and is known chiefly by its elongate body and the presence of but a single pair of caudal spinous bucklers, one each side. The front profile of the head is also but very slightly convex, nearly straight. 9914. Inamucan Bay, Mindoro.- August 8, 1908. Length 135 mm. Only a left rudimentary caudal spine. 5782, 12237, 12238 [1977], 16935 to 16938, 19586. Simaluc Island. September 22,1909. General color dark slaty, apparently nearly uniform. In fading back becomes lavender-gray and belly paler; upper portion of side and back, as well as top of head, then shows abundant mottling of paler spots and short vertical bars on middle of side and on head spots round. Dorsals similar to body in color, crossed by 3 or 4 slightly oblique hyaline bars, very irregular on spinous portion. Margins of both dorsal and anal hyaline. Anal like dor- sal, but with narrower bars. Caudal like body. Pectorals slightly straw- color terminally, slaty at bases. A805. Zamboanga market. October 6, 1909. Length 327 mm. A804. Zamboanga market. October 9,1909. Length 320 mm. A1364, A1377 to A1380. Basa Island, Gulf of Boni, Dutch East Indies. Decem- ber 17, 1909. Length 237 to 254 mm. Faded pale gray and distinguished only by numerous narrow bars across back down to middle of side, about 14 width of interspaces and bar with interspace slightly less than diameter of pupil. Dorsals clouded with opaque white on basal half of membrane, Anal similar, but markings more nearly continuous in central bar. Caudal like body, with single spine. Pectoral with slight shade of straw-color. A1197 to A1199. Doworra Island, Patiente Strait, Dutch East Indies. December 2,1909. Length 360 to 362 mm. A903. Limbe Strait, Celebes. November 10, 1909. Length 293 mm. 12239. Hokuho, Soo Wan, Formosa. June 29,1910. Length 240 mm. We also append the following two species, which are very doubtful: NASO PUNCTULATUS (Valenciennes) Naseus punctulatus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 289 (on VLAMING). Shorter than Naso olivaceus, profile ascending in rounded curve, with distinct tuberosity. Caudal emarginate, lobes not ending in filaments. Body blue, nearly black, with scattered small white or bluish dots. Caudal plate colorless. Dorsal with blue basal line. Anal with blue line and red line. (Valenciennes.) A doubtful species, never established. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 287 NASO TRIPELTES (Valenciennes) Naseus tripeltis VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1831, p 276 (on Vuamine, Renarp, and VALENTYN).—GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus, vol. 3, 1861, p. 349 (copied). A doubtful nominal form, said to have the forehead with a produced horizontal horn and 3 bony, carinated caudal bucklers. Genus PRIONURUS Lacépéde Prionurus Lactekpn, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 4, 1804, p. (205) 211. Type Prionurus microlepidotus LackpipE, monotypic. Xesurus JoRDAN and EvERMANN, Rep. U,S. Fish Comm., pt. 21, 1895 (1896), p. 421. Type Prionurus punctatus Giuu, orthotypic. Acanthocaulis WattE, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 3, 1900, p. 206. Type Prionurus microlepidotus Lac&hprpE, virtually (as Acanthocaulis WarrE proposed to replace Prionurus LACEPEDE). This genus is known by the presence of 3 to 6 caudal bucklers each side. In other respects it is greatly like Naso. Besides the species below several others have been described from the Eastern Pacific, PRIONURUS MICROLEPIDOTUS Lacépéde Prionurus microlepidotus LAcbPEDE, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 4, 1804, p. (205) 211. No locality (voyage of Peron).— VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 295, pl. 292 (type).—Gutnruner, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 347 (copied). Prionurus scalprum VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 298. Japan.—ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japon., Poiss., dec. 7-9, 1845, p. 129, pl. 70 (Nagasaki).—BLEEKER, Verh. Batav. Genoot. (Nal. Ichth. Japan), vol. 25, 1853, p. 15.—Gunruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 347 (Japan). Acanthurus scalprum (LANGSDORF) VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 298 (name in synonymy). Xesurus scalprum JoRDAN and Fow ter, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1903, p. 556 (Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura). Etroplus formosus Brevoort, Narr. Exp. Japan, Perry, vol. 2, 1856, p. 264, pl. 6, fig. 1. Lew Chew (Riu Kiu). Depth 2; head 3%; eye 4 in head, 224 in snout, 114 in interorbital. D. IX, 22; A. III, 21 to 23. Dusky brown, caudal narrowly white edged. Riu Kiu and southern Japan. 38822 U.S.N.M. Tokyo market. Japanese Educational Museum. Length 155 mm. 50756 U.S.N.M. Nagasaki, Japan. Jordan and Snyder. Length 220 to 240mm. Two examples. 57496 U.S.N.M. Japan? P.L.Jouy. Length 200 to 230 mm. Four examples. 70753 U.S.N.M. Misaki, Sagami. Albaiross collection, 1906. Length 32 to 56 mm. Twenty-three examples. 288 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Family SIGANIDAE Body oblong or ellipsoid and compressed. Caudal peduncle unarmed. Mouthsmall. Teeth uniserial, trenchant, serrated incisors. Palate edentulous. Gill membranes not united, attached to isthmus. Pseudobranchiae well developed. Branchiostegals 5. Air vessel large, forked before and behind. Intestine with round convolution. Pyloric coeca 5 or 6. Vertebrae 23, of which 13 caudal. Scales very small, cycloid. Lateral line complete. Dorsal single, very strong spines 13, rays 10. Anal with 7 well-developed spines, rays 9. Caudal cuneate. Ventrals thoracic, with an outer and inner spine and 8 soft rays between. Indo-Pacific. Herbivorous. A single genus. Easily distinguished from all the other fishes of the series here studied by the increased anal and ventral spines. Genus SIGANUS Forskal Siganus Forsxau, Descript. Animal., 1775, pp. x, 25. Type Scarus rivulatus ForsxkiL=Scarus siganus ForskAL, alternate name, tautotypic. Centrogaster Hourtuyn, Verh. Holland. Maatsch. Haarlem, vol. 20, 1782, p. 333. Type Centrogaster fuscescens Houtrtuyn, designated by JoRDAN and EvERMANN, Genera of Fishes, vol. 1, 1917, p. 44. Amphacanthus SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 206. Type Ampha- canthus guttatus (part) ScHNEIDER=Teuthis javus LINNAEUS, latter desig- nated by Desmarest, Encycl. Hist. Nat. Rept. Poiss., Chenu, 1874, p. 240. Amphacantus Cuvimr, Régne Animal, vol. 2, 1817, p. 330. Type Teuthis javus LINNAEUS. Buro (Commerson) LActrEpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 5, 18038, p.421. Type Buro brunneus LackhpkpE, monotypic. Buronus RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature, 1815, p. 88. Type Buro brun- neus LAcbPEDE, virtually (as Buronus RAFINESQUE proposed to replace Buro Lactperpe). Amphiscarus Swatnson, Nat. Hist. Animals, vol. 2, 1839, p. (172) 227. Type Siganus fuscus Griffith, monotypic. Siganites FowuER, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12, ser. 2, 1904, p. 546. Type Chaetodon canaliculatus MuNGo Park, orthotypic. Lo SAE, Occas. Papers Bishop Mus., vol. 4, No. 1, 1906, p. 71. Type Amphacanthus vulpinus SCHLEGEL, monotypic. Characters of the genus in that of the family. We have admitted the arrangement of species grouped primarily on color pattern, following Giinther, as we believe this more closely expresses phylogeny than structural characters. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES I. Staanus. Snout not produced or muzzle not protruded. a. Ground color darker than markings which form whitish golden or bluish spots or vermiculated lines. b!. Depth 134 to 24%. c!, Caudal slightly or moderately emarginate. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 289 d', Body marked with spots, at least on back. e!, Back with pale round spots, oblong on middle of side, form longi- tudinal streaks on belly; head uniform, also fins__________ javus e?. Back spotted, but no longitudinal streaks on belly. fi. Fins dotted or variegated with darker. g'. No dark shoulder blotch; body above with golden rounded spots, usually smaller towards abdomen. h!. Some brown dots on vertical fins_____________ concatenatus h?, Fins greenish, spines blackish, rays variegated with dusky. kopsii g?. Dark shoulder blotch, about size of eye. a. Brownish olive, with small, scattered, roundish, whitish spots on back and sides, which much smaller than inter- spaces:betweemes: wae se oie alk ee oe Sel albopunctatus i. Whole head, trunk, tail and caudal base covered with minute close-set whitish dots___________ punctatissimus /?. Fins immaculate; body red, with numerous undulated and reticu- lated transverse longitudinal short blue lines____labyrinthodes d?. Brown, with vermiculated bluish lines on head and whole body except belly, caudal dotted all over with brown___________-_- vermiculatus c?, Caudal deeply emarginate or forked. yj’. No dark shoulder blotch; orange, with small sky-blue dots on body and bases of caudal and anal; dots very small, much smaller than interspaces between, but larger and more crowded on head and thorax. corallinus jy’. Dusky shoulder blotch equals eye; brown, minutely dot- ted all over with white, dots invading dark shoulder IO Re EEE cst Siete eh SOE ee Ph eee ee oe sutor b?, Depth 214 to 3. k!. Caudal deeply emarginate or forked. U. Back with rounded whitish dots which become oblong on sides and much smaller than spaces Ie twee in a= eo rt OE Se ot ha St oramin 2. Brown (in life body covered with small, close-set yellow spots or blotches equal to or larger than spaces between) ; dorsal, anal and ventral blotched pov UNA CLUS Key. (ee ce en Ae _rostratus k?, Caudal scarcely or but slightly emarginate. m'. Brown, dotted all over whitish, dots very small and extend on dorsal and anal; caudal and pairedéfins: browiys == 222 eee ee tumifrons m*. Back and sides with numerous blue dots; dark blotchiatzshoulder..2= use canaliculatus a?. Ground color blue, with golden hexagonal dots placed densely and covering head, body and vertical fins; caudal deeply emarginate; depth 21%. punctatus a®*, Ground color lighter than markings, which in form of brown spots or ver- miculated streaks; depth 2 to 234. m1, Caudal subtruncate or moderately emarginate. o'. Reddish, with reddish-gray cloudings cn head; body, caudal and bases of dorsals and anals densely spotted with reddish brown. guttatus 290 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM o, Light brownish olive; body with brown spots, which smaller than interspaces between and confluent on back into short narrow, vir- miculated streaks. __ 2-220 notostictus n*, Caudal forked; grayish, covered all over with small brown spots which larger than inter- spaces; greenish-yellow predorsal spot. stellatus a‘, Color uniform or irregularly marbled, outlines of markings not defined; caudal little emarginate, p's Depth 22% to 234, gi. Uniform brownish; depth 22% to 23%, fuscescens q Blackish-brown; irregularly marbled lighter; depth 234_ -_._______ luridus p*. Depth 344; back brownish, body otherwise silvery. aimee. aad oY argenteus a’. Markings darker than ground color, chiefly formed as longitudinal streaks. r', Depth 214; brown, with 9 or 10 brown longitudinal streaks anastomosing with one another; head with some oblique bluish lines; yellowish spot below soft dorsal dotted with black and edged red; caudal, anal and hind part of tail with brown spots. lineatus r?, Depth 24% to 224; bluish with violet streaks, which broader than inter- spaces between, longitudinal on sides, more vermiculated and retic- nlatedton Dackes=—— 222s spinus a’, Very distinct transverse streaks; caudal moderately or deeply emarginate, especially with age. s!, Depth 2 to 23. t!, Olivaceous, with several irregular, diffuse, longitudinal yellow lines and with diffuse brownish cross bands extending on dorsal fin. rivulatus #, Yellow, with 4 pairs of undulated brownish bands across back. tetrazonus #. Orange, with 30 vertical bluish lines, last of which bent and run longitudinally along posterior part of tail; those above pecto- ral oblique and those on opercle reticulated: 2522 5=-5= doliatus i4, Orange, front portion of sides with about 6 undulated blue trans- verse streaks, hind one with blue longitudinal streaks; which united with hindmost trans- verse streaks; broad brown band from neck through eye to lower jaw____------=--puellus - FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 291 s?, Depth 134 to 1%. Light brownish- yellow, forehead and neck with transverse bluish stripes; oblique deep brown, blue edged band descends from fourth to sixth dor- sal spines to pectoral base; second similar band from dorsal origin to orbit and interspace between bands yellow; scattered blue dots on upper parts of body; some oblique bluish streaks on snout_____----- virgatus II. Lo. Snout produced, muzzle as short tube; largely uniform gray brown, head, thorax, and upper pectoral ray dusky_._----------....------- vulpinus SIGANUS JAVUS (Linnaeus) Teuthis javus LInNAEUuS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 507. Java.— WaxsauM, Arted Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 623 (on LInNAEUS).—GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 315 (Ceylon, Pinang, Singapore, Amboina, Hobson Bay).—BuEEkeEr, Nat. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 2, 1865, p. 31 (Manila Bay).—Meyer, An. Soc. Espafiola Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 22 (Macassar, South Celebes; Manila Bay, Cebu).—BouULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 659 (Muscat).—E.Era, Cat. Fauna Fili- pin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 529 (Luzon, Manila, Cebu).—Fow ter, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12, ser. 2, 1904, p. 545 (Padang). Theutis javus BONNATERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 157 (Java). Teuthis java Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1189 (Malay Peninsula and Islands).—Day, Fishes of Malabar, 1865, p. 125.—BurrKer, Verslag. en Mededeel. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, ser. 2, vol. 2, 1868, p. 291 (Rio, Bintang).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 165, pl. 40, fig. 1; Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 88. Theutis java DiinckeER, Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 21, 1903 (1904), p. 159 (Singapore). Amphacanthus javus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 118 (Pondichery, Batavia, Malacca).—ScHLEGEL and Mi.uuer, Verh. Nat. Ges. Nederland. Zool., 1839-44, p. 10 (Batavia).—BuLrrxer, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. (Madura), vol. 22, 1849, p. 5 (Kammal); (Nal. Ichth. Bengal), vol. 25, 1853, p. 48; Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 2, 1851, p. 471 (Rio); vol. 3, 1852, p. 53 (Singapore), p. 717 (Karangbadji, Banka), p. 740 (Macassar); vol. 5, 1858, p. 154 (Macassar); vol. 7, 1854, p. 227 (Macassar), p. 313 (Bantem); vol. 10, 1856, p. 347 (Rio, Bintang); vol. 12, 1856, p. 215 (Nias); vol. 16, 1858, p. 408 (Japara, Java); ~ vol. 17, 1858-59, p. 143 (Boleling, Bali); vol. 20, 1859-60, p. 141 (Bad- joa, Boni); vol. 21, 1860, p. 188 (Muntok, Banka).—WerBsEr, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 326 (Macassar). Amphacanthus javanus CASTELNAU, Res. Fish. Australia (Victoria Rec. Phila- delphia Exhib.), 1875, p. 29 (Cape York, Queensland).—M arrTeEns, Preuss. Exp. Ost-Asien, 1876, p. 394 (Singapore, Bangkok, Batavia). Siganus javus JORDAN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907) p. 35 (Cavite). EVERMANN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., p.98(Bulan).—Jorpan and RicHarpson, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 271 (Manila and Iloilo).— Sag, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 5, ser. 4, 1910, p. 283 (San- dakan, North Borneo).—Braurort, Bijd. Dierk. Amsterdam, vol. 19, 1913, p. 126 (Waigiu).—Fow.Lmr, Copeia, No. 58, June 18, 1918, p. 64 292 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM (Philippines)—FowLer and Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, 1922, p. 57 (Cebu, Philippines)—Fowusrr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia; 1927, p. 287 (Vigan, Orion, Philippines, Manila). Amphacanthus russelit VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 123 (on Worahwah RussE.u, Fishes of Coromandel, vol. 2, 1803, p. 2, pl. 103, Vizagapatam).—BLEEKER, Verh. Batav. Genoot. (Nal. Ichth. Bengal), vol. 25, 1953, p. 48. Depth 275 to 214; head 324 to 4%, width 1 to 235. Snout 2% to 226 in head; eye 2% to 434, 14 to 21% in snout, 1 to 134 in inter- orbital; teeth about 48 to 50 in each jaw; maxillary 314 to 3% in head; interorbita]l 23 to 234, broadly convex; preopercle limb, oper- cle and supra-scapular arch finely striate. Gill rakers 4+ 18, short, cuneate points. Scales minute, ovoid, elongate, cycloid, 55 to 120 circuli. Cheek more or less entirely covered with small scales to preopercle ridge. D. XIII, 10, 1, fifth spine 134 to 2 in head, third ray 134 to 15%; A. VII, 9,1, third spine 134 to 2, third ray 134 to 214; caudal lunate, moderately emarginate, 334 to 344 in combined head and body; least depth of caudal peduncle 324 to 4 in head; pectoral 11% to 1144; ventral 134 to 14%. Back and upper surfaces variably brown to darker, below much paler. Back rather finely spotted with grayish, spots usually very small and crowded on predorsal, often tendency to form short hori- zontal gray bars of variable length. Below lateral line variable gray- white longitudinal bands, often waved somewhat or with 10 or 12 more or less complete and broader below median axis of body. Cheek mottled or speckled with gray-white blotches, as very numer- ous dots with age. Vertical fins brownish, more or less clouded with dusky, anal with grayish-white tinge. Pectoral pale or grayish-brown. Ventral more or less whitish, with grayish shades. Iris grayish to whitish. Ceylon, India, East Indies, Philippines. Preserved specimens are often quite dark or with very obscure markings. 20132. Bacoor, Luzon market. June 15,1908. Length 123 mm. One example. Below mouth of Mindanao River, Cotabato, Mindanao. May 20, 1908. Length 60 mm. 12402. Bolalo Bay, Palawan. December 21,1908. Length 188 mm. 5673. Busin Harbor, Burias Island. April 23, 1908. Length 254 mm. 5515, 8860, 13800. Catbalogan, Samar. April 15,1908. Length 158 to 260 mm. Very dark bay, nearly black. Top of head and body with elliptical dark greenish spots; breast and belly paler; purplish shades showing as stripes of more intense color changing to bronze toward middle of body. Side of head olive. Dorsal very dark olive. Anal bronzed. Caudal dark purplish smoky. Pectoral rays dusky olive, membranes hyaline. Ventral dusky, with bronze shades. Five examples. Cotabato, below mouth of Mindanao River, Mindanao. May 20,1908. Length 70 to 105 mm. 5996. Cavite market. December 1, 1908. Length 105 mm. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 293 12807. Little Santa Cruz Island, Zamboanga. May 26,1908. Length 168 mm, Four examples. Malampaya River, Palawan. December 26, 1908. Length 59 to 78 mm. One example. Malcochin Harbor, Linapacan Island. December 19, 1908. Length 32 mm. One example. Manila market. December 12,1907. Length 100 mm. Two examples. Mansalay. June 4, 1908. Length 53 mm. Six examples. Mantaguin Bay, Palawan. April2,1909. Length 48 to 53 mm. 9041, 9042. Nabatas Point, Samar. July 24,1908. Length 132 to 260 mm. 43801. Philippines. Length 180 mm. 20073. Putor River, Mindanao. January 30,1909. Length 78 mm. 8211, 14971 [1261]. Refugio Island, Pasacao, Luzon. March 9, 1909. Length 54 to 333 mm. One example. River at Pasacao, Luzon. March 9, 1909. Length 50 mm. Generally smoky olive, becoming purplish after death; spots and stripes below somewhat pearly to bluish. Side and top of head with more or less yellow tinge. Median ventral region, from middle of breast backward orange, continued to spinous part of anal. Vertical fins nearly like body color, with more or less orange shades. Pectoral plain dusky, membranes nearly hyaline. Ventral with orange on rays and spines. 5480, 5483 to 5485, 5487 to 5489, 12268, 12269. San Juanico Strait, Leyte. April 13, 1908. Length 123 to 240 mm. 11327. San Roque, Leyte. July 29, 1909. Length 185 mm. One example. Subig Bay. January 7, 1908. Length 43 mm. 5477. Tacloban market, Leyte. April 12, 1908. Length 234 mm. Ground color sepia, with round and ovate gray spots on back and sides; lower side with 10 alternating gray and primrose yellow stripes, narrower than pupil, fading out on lower side and belly. Dorsals dusky cinnamon, tips of spines hyaline. Analdusky, ochraceous buff. Caudalclove brown. Pectoral hyaline. Ventral white, membranes hyaline. 12043 to 12046. Sandakan, Borneo. March 2, 1908. Length 164 to 188 mm, 5053. Sibutu Island, Borneo. February 29, 1908. Length 162 mm. Three examples. Mactan Island, tide pools, Celebes. August 31,1909. Length 30 mm. 30503 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 98 mm. 30602 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 107 mm. 55941 U.S.N.M. Bulan. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 258 mm. [4092]. 55951 U.S.N.M. Bulan. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 227 mm. [4093]. 56316 U.S.N.M. Cavite. G.A.Lung. Fourexamples. Length 95 to 120 mm. 72704 U.S.N.M. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Two examples. Length 143 to 192 mm. 72746 U.S.N.M. Dloilo. R.C. MacGregor. Length 88 mm. SIGANUS CONCATENATUS (Valenciennes) Amphacanthus concatenatus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 127. Buru; Batavia —BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 5, 1856, p. (6) 46 (Amboina); Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 22, 1860, p. 113 (Buru).—WeseErR, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 330 (Saleyer). Teuthis concatenata Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay Fish.), vol. 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 1190 (Pinang).—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 316 (Amboina, Pinang, Singapore); Journ. Mus. God ffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 88 (Pelew Islands).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 167, pl. 40, fig. 4—Meryer, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. 91469—29——20 294 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 22 (North Celebes)—Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 90.—StTEINDACHNER, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges., vol. 25, 1900, p. 425 (Ternate).—PELLEGRIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 30, 1905, p. 84 (Baie d’Along, Tonkin). Siganus concatenatus JORDAN and Seaue, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 789 (Negros). Siganus lineatus (not VALENCIENNES) EVERMANN and Seas, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 98 (Bulan).—JorpAaN and RicHARDSON, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 271 (Aparri). Siganus vermiculatus (not VALENCIENNES) SEALE and BzrAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 248 (Zamboanga). Siganus corallinus (not VALENCIENNES) BEAN and WEED, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 607 (Batavia). Siganus guttatus (not BLocu) BEAN and WEED, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42,1912, p. 607 (Batavia). Depth 13g to 24%; head 3144 to 3%, width 2 to 2144. Snout 1% to 214 in head; eye 3 to 444, 1% to 214 in snout, 1 to 144 in interorbital; teeth 48 to 50 in each jaw; maxillary 33% to 334 in head; interorbital 27% to 3, broadly convex; preopercle limb, infraorbital, opercle and scapular arch with fine radiating or parallel striae. Guill rakers 5+ 20, short, flexible, cuneate points. Scales moderately small, lozenge-shaped, 65 to 100 circuli. Cheek fully covered with small scales to preopercle ridge. D. XIII, 10,1, fifth spine 144 to 2 in head, third ray 1% to 13%; A. VII, 9,1, third spine 134 to 2, third ray 14% to 134; caudal lunate, moderately emarginate, 1 to 11%; least depth of caudal peduncle 34% to 4; pectoral 175 to 114; ventral 126 to 2. Brown generally, scarcely paler on breast and belly. Head and body everywhere with close-set, variable, rounded, grayish to golden spots, not larger than pupil; on head more or less formed as short reticulating lines or variable reticulations; in young spots much larger and greatly less numerous than in adult. Iris brownish. Fins brownish, vertical ones clouded with darker or dusky and caudal with obsolete scattered inconspicuous dark spots. In young vertical fins with paler ground-color and more contrasted in speckling and with dark blotches or streaks, often a dark transverse band at caudal base. Pectoral pale or uniform brownish. Ventral pale, variegated with brown. East Indian region. A broadly oblong species, well figured by Day. It is known by its well-spotted color design, with age the spots appearing as ocelli narrowly margined with darker. Often several oblique dark bands or lines are formed along the cheek, one from the end of the maxillary up to the eye. Some preserved examples quite dark and the usual light spots darker than the ground color. 7463. Bolalo Bay. December 21,1908. Length 264 mm. 20316, 20317. Bolinao Bay. May 10,1909. Length 132 to 141 mm. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 295 19109. Buena Vista, Guimaras Island. January 14, 1909. Length 85 mm, 15694. Busin Harbor, Burias Island. March 8,1909. Length 203 mm. 5624. Busin Harbor. April 22, 1908. Length 248 mm. 21697. Cabugao Bay, Catanduanes Island. June 9, 1909. Length 58 mm. 5514. Catbalogan, Samar. April 15,1908. Length 245 mm. Back and top of head slaty, umber below posteriorly. Very pale slaty shades on chin and throat, merged between. Side of head bronze umber with slate stripes and spots. Spinous vertical fins bronze, soft vertical fins smoky purplish with very dark bronze spots. Yellow bronze blotch below hind part of dorsal in front of caudal peduncle, appears bright yellow as viewed from above as fish is in water. 5848, 8275, 18502, 21849 to 21850. Canmahala Bay, Ragay Gulf, Luzon. March 11,1909. Length 90 to 208 mm. 21818. Cebu Market. March 20, 1909. Length 50 mm. ‘7559. Endeavor Strait, Malampaya Sound, Palawan Island. December 23, 1908. Spots bronze, fading to orange. Lines on head slate. Blotch below dorsal axil golden. ‘7492. Endeavor Strait. December 28,1908. Length 295 mm. Twoexamples. Estero, Sablayan Bay, Mindoro. December 13, 1908. Length 43 to 67 mm, 16999, 17001 to 170038, 17005, 17007 to 17014, 17016, 17017. Galvaney Island- Ragay Gulf, Luzon. March 9,1909. Length 85 to 187 mm. 5744. La General Island, Capunuypugan, Mindanao. May 9, 1908. Length 285 mm. 5772. Lianga Bay. May 12,1908. Length 305 mm. 8825. Maculabo Island. June 13,1909. Length 340 mm. 7426. Malcochin Harbor, Linapacan Island. December 18, 1908. Length 285 mm. - 8050. Manila market. March 18, 1908. Length 95 mm. 6151 to 6153. Mansalay, Mindanao. June 4,1908. Length 220 to 260 mm. 22017, 22018. Mariveles Bay. January 27,1909. Length 140 to 153 mm. 7240. Masinloc Bay, Zambales. November 22, 1908. Length 274 mm. One example. Mouth Mindanao River, vicinity Cotabato, Mindanao. May 20, 1908. Length 38 mm. 9043. Nabatas Point,Samar. July 24,1909. Length 260 mm. 21716. Nato River, tidal. June 18,1909. Length 90 mm. 7939. Pagapas Bay, Luzon. February 20,1909. Length 250 mm. 5922. Parang, Mindanao. May 23,1908. Length 235 mm. 7999. Port Banalacan, Marinduque Island. February 23, 1909. Length 332 mm. 8187. Port Busin, Burias Island. March 8, 1909. Length 298 mm. 8389. Port Dupon, Leyte. March 17,1909. Length 275 mm. 10515. Port Jamelo, Luzon. July 13,1908. Length 195 mm. 7013, 7014. Port San Pio Quinto, Camiguin Island. November 10,1908. Length 382 to 423 mm. 7325. Pucot River, Mariveles. January 29,1909. Length 62 mm. 8976. Rapu Rapu Island and Strait. June 22,1909. Length 384 mm. 5273, 5274. Romblon Harbor. March 25,1908. Length 332 to 373 mm. 8696, 8706. San Miguel Island. June 4,1909. Length 267 to 300 mm. 20327. San Pascual, Burias Island. March 8, 1909. Length 113 mm. ‘Two examples. San Pascual tide pool. March 8, 1909. Four broad bands across lower surface of head and broader one across chest. Body also blotched and speckled with whitish. Spinous dorsal, anal and caudal mottled with 296 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM brown, latter with 4 or 5 dark blotches along each outer edge above and below and brown band at base of fin. 8810, 8812, 21671, 21672. Santiago River, Pagapas Bay, Luzon. February 20, 1909. Length 90 to 106 mm. 4888. Siasi Island. February 16, 1908. Length 310 mm. Ground color slate gray, more bluish on back, olive slate on forehead. Side of head brassy yel- low, ground color showing as indigo stripes and spots; narrow stripe from front of eye halfway to preorbital edge, another beneath, near lower preorbital edge to angle; third somewhat parallel rises near upper opercle edge and extends irregularly and obliquely to lower corner of mouth; below 3 round spots on middle of cheek; branch from last line extends downward in front of hind pre- opercle edge and ends above front of lower limb; two spots near preopercle angle; opercle with indistinct lines and 1 round spot. Over entire side and caudal peduncle above level of pectoral base numerous rounded and elliptical bronze spots, slightly less than pupil. Broad blotch about 1% times eye below hind end of dorsal. Iris olive and golden. JDorsals dark olive with plumbeous shades on soft rays. Anal like dorsal, spinous fin with orange shades, soft fin more plumbeous. Caudal dusky plumbeous, edge darker and entire fin thickly spotted with small round dusky spots 14 diameter of pupil. Pectoral hyaline dusky. Ventral dusky, first spine with yellowish blotches. 5716. Surigao, Mindanao. May 8, 1908. Length 328 mm. 7841. Taganak Island. January 7,1909. Length 235 mm. 4923. Tataan, Simalue Island. February 20, 1908. Length 240 mm. Gen- erally azure blue, everywhere with orange spots slightly smaller than pupil. Under surface drab. Large orange spot just below and before soft dorsal axil. Reticulating blue lines on nuchal region down across preopercle, cheek, snout and top of head with smaller blue dots. Spinous dorsal pale lemon yellow and soft dorsal with bluish rays, membranes pale red. Spinous anal like spinous dorsal. Anal with blue rays, membranes with orange wash. Caudal pale blue, darker at tip. Pectoral grayish-white. Ventral yellowish- white, spines drab. Iris yellow. 6438. Tilig, Lubang. July 14, 1908. Length 335 mm. 7959. Ulugan Bay, Palawan. December 28, 1908. Length 318 mm. 6664, 6665. Varadero Bay, Mindoro. July 23, 1908. Length 222 to 227 mm. A1518. Daisy Inlet, Bumbum Island. Jan. 6,1910. Length 356 mm. A1229. Gomomo Island. December 3, 1909. Length 305 mm. 5049. Sandakan, Borneo. February 29, 1908. Length 225 mm. 12042, 20395. Sandakan. March 2, 1908. Length 84 to 147 mm. A938. Dodepo and Pasejogo Islands, Dutch East Indies. November 16, 1909. Length 255 mm. A936, A937. Pasejogo Islands. November 16, 1909. Length 258 to 265 mm. A890. Limbe Strait, Celebes. November 10, 1909. Length 320 mm. 30563 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 233 mm. 52043 U.S.N.M. Negros Island, Philippines. Dr. Bashford Dean. Length 208 mm. 55952 U.S.N.M. Bulan, Philippines. Length 258 mm. (4056 B. F.). Philippine Commission. As Siganus lineatus. 58053 U.S.N.M. Zamboanga, Philippines. Dr. E. A. Mearns. Two examples. Length 200 to 232 mm. As Siganus vermiculatus. 71685 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands. Two examples. Albatross Collection, 1906. Length 120 to 123 mm. 72267 U.S.N.M. Aparri, Philippines. R.C. MacGregor. Length 85mm. As Siganus lineatus. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 207 72700 U.S.N.M. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Length 230 mm. As Siganus guttatus. 72699 U.S.N.M. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Length 80 mm. As Siganus corallinus. 75906 U.S.N.M. Borneo. H.C. Raven. Length 287 mm. 84209 U.S.N.M. Philippines. Dr. Fred Baker. Length 130 mm. SIGANUS KOPSII (Bleeker) Amphacanthus kopsii BuEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 2, 1851, p. (472) 483. Rio; vol. 3, 1852, p. 445 (Banka), p. 546 (Amboina); vol. 12, 1856, p. 215 (Nias). Teuthis kopsii BueeKer, Verslag. en Mededeel. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, vol. 2, ser. 2, 1868, p. 291 (Rio, Bintang). Depth 22g. Caudal truncate. Reddish-green above, silvery- yellowish below. Back and sides with silver or yellow spots. Fins greenish, spines blackish, rays variegated dusky. Caudal brown. Length 145 mm. (Bleeker.) Possibly not different from Siganus concatenatus. SIGANUS ALBOPUNCTATUS (Schlegel) Amphacanthus albopunctatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japon., Poiss., dec. 7-9, 1845, p. 128. Nagasaki Bay, Japan.—Knerr, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 206 (Java; Manila)—Marrens, Preuss. Exp. Ost-Asien, 1876, p. 394 (Nagasaki Bay; Singapore). Teuthis albopunctatus GiUntTuER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 318 (Amoy, China, Philippines)—Scumettz, Mus. Godeffroy Cat., vol. 5, 1874, p. 30 (Bowen).—Savvaae, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris, vol. 5, ser. 7, 1881, p. 106 (Swatow, China).—K, ait. Siganus fuscescens (not Hourruyn) SEALE and Bran, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 247 (Zamboanga).— KENDALL and GoLpsBoRrouGH, Mem.. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 26, No. 7, 1911, p. 313 (Kusaie, Caroline Islands).— Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 511 (Okinawa, Riu Kiu). Siganus punctatus (not SCHNEIDER) KENDALL and Go.LpsBorouGH, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 26, No. 7, p. 313 (Makemo, Paumotus). Depth 2% to 224; head 4144 to 4%, width 144 to1%. Snout 226 to. 244 in head; eye 3 to 344, 14% to 134 in snout, 1 to 1% in interorbital; about 30 teeth in each jaw; maxillary 324 to 334 in head; interor-- bital 27% to 3; opercle, preopercle limb and humeral arch with rather feeble striae. Gill rakers 6+ 20, short, flexible. Scales very minute, ovoid elongate, cycloid, circuli about 30 to 35. Cheek entirely naked, or with only small patch of scales behind max- lary or sometimes a few scattered scales in young. D. XIII, 10, 1, fourth spine 124 to 2)% in head, third ray 1% to 23. A. VII, 9, 1, third spine 1% to 2%, second ray 24% to 3; caudal deeply emarginate, lobes sharply pointed and upper longer, 344 to 324 in combined head and body; least depth of caudal peduncle 4 to 5 in head; pectoral 114 to 1144; ventral 1% to 13%. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 31f Body largely dull brown, often paler below, irregularly clouded or even obscurely mottled in some examples, again more or less uniform. Vertical fins brown, often with darker shades on spinous portions. Paired fins paler brownish, usually with 3 to 5 transverse dusky blotches or bands across ventrals. Young often show all fins more or less mottled or blotched darker. Iris pale brownish. Red Sea, Zanzibar, Philippines, Formosa, Riu Kiu, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia. This species is known by its elongate form and largely uniform color pattern. According to Giinther, the body is finely mottled with deep golden, this fading after the fish is placed in alcohol. The scaleless cheek is usually a distinctive character. 6368, 10553. Jolo Island, Jolo. March 7,1908. Length 138 to 168 mm. 9160. Little Santa Cruz. May 26,1908. Length 202 mm. 21812. Pandanon Island. March 24,1909. Length 50 mm. 7681. Ulugan Bay, Palawan. December 28,1908. Length 202 mm. A1578. Soo Wan, Eastern Formosa. January 29,1910. Length 335 mm. 52502 U.S.N.M. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 252 mm. 58050 U.S.N.M. Zamboanga. Dr. E.A. Mearns. Two examples. Length 175 to 188 mm. As Siganus fuscescens. 65660. U.S.N.M. Mangareva. Albatross collection. Length 163 mm. 66031. U.S.N.M. Kusaie. Albatross collection. Two examples. Length 135 to 150? mm. As Siganus fuscescens. 66032 U.S.N.M. Paumotus. Albatrosscollection. Length351mm. As Siganus punctatus. 71601 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands. Albatross collection 1906. Length 135 mm. As Siganus fuscescens. 72008 U.S.N.M. Nafa. Albatross collection, 1906. Length 118 mm. 82909 U.S.N.M. Fiji. Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Length 203 mm. 84245 U.S.N.M. Zamboanga. Dr. Fred Baker. Four examples. Length 138 to 163 mm. SIGANUS TUMIFRONS (Valenciennes) Amphacanthus tumifrons VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 159. Shark’s Bay, West Australia; Siam. Teuthis tumifrons GinrHeR, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 317 (copied).—B.LeEkeEr, Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 2, 1865, p. 174 (Siam). Depth 3% in total. Snout rather broad, convex. Caudal emargi- nate. Purple brown, dotted all over with very small whitish or bluish dots which extend on dorsal and anal. Caudal brown. Pec- toral yellow. Ventral varied brown and white. Length 153 mm. (Valenciennes. ) SIGANUS CANALICULATUS (Mungo Park) Chaetodon canaliculatus Munco Park, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1797, p. 33. Sumatra. Amphacanthus canaliculatus BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 3, 1852, p. 580 (Padang); Act. Soc. Ind. Néerland., vol. 3, No. 9, 1857-58, p. 4 (Trussan, Sumatra).—Jouan, Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, vol. 3, ser. 2, 1868, p. 267 (Hong Kong). Teuthis canaliculata GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 316 (copied). 312 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Teuthis canaliculatus FowuER, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 12, 1904, p. 546 (Padang). Siganus canaliculatus FowLER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1927, p. 287 (Orani, Orion, Bacon, San Fabian, Philippines). Amphacanthus margaritiferus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 145. Amboina, Vanicolo.—ScHLEGEL and Mijiumr, Verh. Nat. Ges. Nederland. Zool., 1839-44, p. 10 (Vanikoro).—RicHarpson, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 243 (Canton).— BLEEker, Journ. Indian Arch., vol. 2, 1848, p. 638 (Bima, Sumbawa); Verh. Batav. Genoot. (Nal. Ichth. Japan), vol. 25, 18538, p. 15; Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 13, 1856, p. 193 (Ternate), p. 334 (Batavia, Biliton, Bali, Batu, Celebes, Ternate); vol. 15, 1858, p. 200 (Goram Island), p. 242 (Singapore); vol. 17, 1858-59, p. 1380 (Atapoe- poe, Timor); vol. 20, 1859-60, p. 141 (Badjoa, Boni); Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 5, 1856, p. 6 (Amboina); vol. 3, No. 3, 1857-58, p. 3 (Kiosio), p. 6 (Japan). Amphacanthus margaritifer BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 3, 1856, p. 4 (Manado). Teuthis margaritifera GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 317 (East Indies)—BurerKer, Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 254 (Wahai, Ceram), p. 270 (Atapupu, Timor).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 167, pl. 40, fig. 5—KAroui, Termesz. Fiizetek, Budapest, vol. 5, 1881, p. 158 (Singapore).—Mbryer, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 4, 1885, p. 22 (Manado, Celebes).—Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 90.—EurErRa, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 529 (Cebu). Theutis margaritifera STEINDACHNER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 60, Heft 1, 1870, p. 565 (Singapore). Siganus fuscescens (not Houttuyn) EVERMANN and SHALE, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 90 (Bacon and San Fabian).—FowteEnr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1918, p. 69 (Philippines, Bacon); Copeia, No. 58, June 18, 1918, p. 64 (Philippines). Resembles Siganus punctatissimus in its general color pattern but the light dots not so numerous and the body more elongate. Seychelles, India, East Indies, Melanesia, China, Japan. Mungo Park’s original account describes the color as greenish yellow above with white dots. Giinther, quoting Bleeker, gives the forehead and snout with transverse blue streaks, which may be some other species. SIGANUS PUNCTATUS (Schneider) Amphacanthus punctatus SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 210. Pacific Ocean [Tonga and New Caledonia] (on ForstER).—VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 146 (Pacific Ocean). Siganus punctatus JoRDAN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, 1905 (1906), p. 360 (Apia and Pago Pago).—Snyper, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 511 (Okinawa). Harpurus inermis (ForstTER) LicurenstEin, Descript. Animal., 1844, p. 286. Nanock Island, New Caledonia. 3 Amphacanthus hexagonatus BuenKur, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 6, 1854, p. 518. Cocos Keeling Islands; vol. 7, 1854, p. (38) 41 (Cocos); vol. 8, 1855, p. 445 (Cocos); vol. 9, 1855, p. 114 (Sumbawa); vol. 20, 1859-60, p. 331 (Amboina); Verslag. en Mededeel. Kon. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, vol. 12, 1861, p. 31 (Singapore).—Knenr, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 207 (Sydney).—WeseEr, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 19138, p. 328 (Sailus- ketjil, Gisser, Saleyer, Rotti). FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 313 Teuthis hecagonata Ginrusr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 820 (Fiji); Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 89 (Fiji and Samoa).— KArout, Termesz. Fiizetek, Budapest, vol. 5, 1881, p. 158 (Singapore).— Meyer, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 22 (Manado, Celebes; Rubi; New Guinea).—E.era, Cat. Fauna. Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 529 (Cebu). Siganus hexagonata SEALE, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 5, No. 4, 1910, p. 284 (Sandakan, Borneo). Blue, with hexagonal golden dots standing densely together, cover- ing head, body and vertical fins. East Indies, Philippines, Melanesia, Polynesia. 30627 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 272mm. Depth 21%. Caudal deeply forked, lobes pointed. Ground color brown, with close- set small round spots all over trunk and on vertical fins, becoming very small and numerous on rayed portions terminally. Spots on head larger and less crowded than on trunk. 52494 U.S.N.M. Apia,Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Three examples of similar size to above, which appear to agree. SIGANUS GUTTATUS (Block) Chaetodon guttatus Buocu, Naturg. Ausl. Fische, vol. 3, 1787, p. 55, pl. 196. Japan.—LicuTensteIn, Descript. Animal., 1844, p. 286 (Tonga and New Caledonia). Amphacanthus guttatus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 136 (no locality).—B.LerxeEr, Verh. Batav. Genoot. (Madura), vol. 22, 1849, p. 5 (Kammal); Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 3, 1852, p. 53 (Singapore) ; vol. 5, 1853, p. 154 (Macassar); vol. 6, 1854, p. 457 (Amboina); vol. 7, 1854, p. 226 (Macassar); vol. 9, 1855, p. 282 (Macassar); vol. 10, 1856, p. 347 (Rio, Bintang); vol. 12, 1856, p. 193 (Ternate), p. 230 (Batu); vol. 13, 1857, p. 56 (Kajeli, Buru), p. 372 (Sangi); vol. 15, 1858, p. 242 (Singapore); vol. 18, 1859, p. 361 (Blinju, Banka); vol. 19, 1859, p. 333 (Karangbollong, Java); vol. 22, 1860, p. 113 (Buru); Verh. Batav. Genootsch. (Nal. Ichth. Bengal), vol. 25, 1853, p. 48; Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 8, 1856, p. 4 (Manado), p. 8 (Macassar); vol. 3, No. 4, 1857-58, p. 3 (Manado, Tanawanko); vol. 3, No. 5, 1857-58, p. 2 (Macassar); vol. 3, No. 9, 1857— 58, p. 2 (Padang, Sumatra), p. 4 (Trussan); No. 8, 1858-59, p. 2 (Manado, Celebes).—Kner, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 207 (Java and Pujuipit). Teuthis guttata GinrueEr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 320 (com- piled).—BuEEkER, Verslag. en Mededeel. Kon. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, ser. 2, vol. 2, 1868, p. 291 (Rio, Bintang); Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 240 (Obi). Amphacanthus chrysospilos BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 3, 1852, p. (53) 66. Singapore. Amphacanthus melanospilus BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 7, 1854, p. 431. Batavia. Depth 21% to 3 in total. Caudal emarginate. Reddish. Head clouded with reddish-gray. Body, caudal and bases of dorsal and anal densely spotted with reddish-brown. (Giinther.) Reaches 305 mm. according to Valenciennes. Possibly the imper- fectly described Amphacanthus jfirmamentum Valenciennes” may have been intended for this species. It is noticed as follows: 12 Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 142, Samarang. 314 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM D. XIII, 10; A. VII, 9; caudal little emarginate. Back blue, paler below, everywhere strewn with numerous orange-brown spots. Front and opercle greenish. Cheeks with 3 oblique lines with yellowish intervals. Fins gray, end of dorsal with oval green spot. Length 152 mm. The two nominal forms, Amphacanthus chrysospilos Bleeker and Amphacanthus melanospilus Bleeker, seem to be the present species. Both are said to have deeply emarginate caudal fins and the propor- tions given are more or less similar. The former is said to be blue, dotted markedly with golden, with its length 292 mm. The latter is said to have dark spots though with some golden ones intermixed, and its length is 368 mm. SIGANUS NOTOSTICTUS (Richardsen) Amphacanthus notostictus RicHARDSON, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., London, vol. 11, 18538, p. 172. Port Essington. Teuthis notosticta GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 320 (type).— KArouti, Termesz. Fiizetek, Budapest, vol. 5, 1881, p. 158 (Yokohama). Depth little over 3 in total. Caudal subtruncate. Light brownish olive. Body with brown spots, which smaller than interspaces and confluent on back intoshort, narrow, vermiculated streaks. (Giinther.) SIGANUS STELLATUS (Forskal) Scarus stellatus ForsKAu, Descript. Animal., 1775, pp. x, 26. Djedda, Red Sea. Amphacanthus stellatus SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 209 (Red Sea).—RitprreLt, Neue Wirbelth., Fische, 1835, p. 130.—KLuNZzINGER, Verh. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 21, 1871, p. 503 (Red Sea). Teuthis stellata GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 320 (Red Sea Ceylon).—Puayratr, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1866, p. 50 (Zanzibar).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 168.—Ktunzinesr, Fische Roth. Meer., 1884, p. 76.—Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 92. Theutis stellata DiincxrrR, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 21, 1903 (1904), p. 159 (Singapore). Amphacanthus punctatus (not SCHNEIDER).«Ripprewy, Atlas Reise Nordlich. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 46, pl. 11, fig. 2 (Red Sea). Amphacanthus nuchalis VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 140 (on ForsKAu and Ripre.u). Depth 3 in total. Caudal forked. Grayish, covered all over with brown spots, larger than interspaces. Greenish yellow spot at front of dorsal. (Giinther.) According to Klunzinger reaches 320 mm. SIGANUS FUSCESCENS (Houttuyn) Sparus fuscescens Houtrtuyn, Verh. Holland. Maatsch. Haarlem, vol. 20, 1782, p. 333. Japan. Amphacanthus fuscescens VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 156 (Japan).—ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japon., Poiss., dec. 7-9, 1845, p. 127, pl. 68, fig. 1 (Nagasaki).—RicuHarpson, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 244 (Can- ton).—BLEEKER, Verh. Batav. Genoot. (Nal. Ichth. Japan), vol. 25, 1853, FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 315 p. 15; vol. 26 (Nal. Ichth. Jap.), 1857, pp. 5, 106 (Nagasaki); Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 20, 1859-60, p. 235 (Nagasaki).—Marrens, Preuss. Exp. Ost-Asien, 1876, p. 394 (Yokohama). ‘Teuthis fuscescens GinrHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 321 (copied).—BLEEKER, Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 2, 1865, p. 31 (Manila Bay).—KLUuNzINGER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 80, Heft 1, 1879, p. 393 (Queensland).—K rou, Termesz. Fiizetek, Budapest, vol. 5, 1881, p. 158 (Canton, Yokohama, Singapore).—STEINDACHNER and DODERLEIN, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. KI1., vol. 48, 1884, p. 25 (Tokyo).—FRanz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 4, Suppl. vol. 1, 1910, p. 50 (Yokohama, Aburatsubu). ‘Siganus fuscescens JORDAN and Fow usr, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1902, p. 560 (Tokyo, Yokohama, Misaki, Wakanoura, Kobe, Onomichi, Hakuta, Kawatana, Nagasaki).—JorpAN and SEALs, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 35 (Cavite; Panay).—EvreRMANN and SEALEg, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 98 (Bacon, Jolo).—SxEaueE, Philip- pine Journ Sci., vol. 5, No. 4, 1910, p. 284 (Sandakan, Borneo).— SnypER, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 423 (Tokyo, Shimizu), p. 511 (Okinawa).—Fow.Ler and Bran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, 1922, p. 58 (Cebu, Philippines)—Fow.rr, Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 22, 1925, p. 18 (Guam); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1927, p. 287 (Santa Maria, Vigan, Calapan). Teuthis albopunctatus (not ScHLEGEL) GinrueErR, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 88 (Pelew Islands, Howland Island). Depth 22% to 234; head 31% to 41%, width 2 to 244. Snout 2144 to 21% in head; eye 2% to 3%,1% to 1% in snout, equals or greater than interorbital; teeth about 38 to 40 in each jaw; maxillary 314 to 4 in head; interorbital 3 to 31%, broadly convex; preopercle limb, -opercle and scapular arch with fine, inconspicuous striae. Gill rakers 5+17, short, small, cuneate points. Scales very minute, ovoid, cycloid, circuli 50 to 60. Cheek usually with but a very few small scattered scales, frequently entirely naked. D. XIII, 10,1, fifth spine 134 to 2 in head, third ray 14 to 2; A. VII, 9,1, third spine 17% to 21%, third ray 214 to 234; caudal deeply emarginate, 3144 to 334 in combined head and body; least depth of caudal peduncle 37% to 434 in head; pectoral 114 to 114; ventral 1% to 1%. Back and upper surfaces ecru-drab to dull brown, below gray- ‘white to white. Back and head above and sides, also sides of body variably though finely spotted with whitish, and spots always smaller in size than dark interspaces. Frequently spots much smaller about edge of back. Often lower surface may be dusky, especially in small examples, when spots are much larger than on flanks or back. None of spots extend on fins. Iris pale or yellowish-white. Most examples, especially darker ones, show 2 or 3 dark transverse bars or bands across chin or lower surface of head. No distinct dark humeral er shoulder blotch. Fins all pale or very light brownish. Spinous dorsal with irrregular brownish cloudings which on soft fin confined ‘to rays as several brown blotches to each. Anals similar. Caudal 316 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM pale with 5 or 6 dark gray transverse bands, usually faded in large specimens or only marginal above and below. Pectoral pale or light brown, uniform. Ventrals more or less gray-white to whitish, usually with several deep or dusky-brown blotches. India, East Indies, Philippines, China, Japan. Similar to Siganus oramin in the elongate body, but with fine white spots usually sharply defined and the caudal fin less forked. We follow Giimther in the statement: ‘‘No brown spot on the shoulder.”’ Day says “‘a dark oval shoulder mark” and also figures the same. We find it largely or usually in the young of our specimens though seldom in large examples. Our materials are very variable; often the entire general color may be clouded with darker, sometimes even with dusky spots here and there or between the white ones. In young examples the vertical fins are frequently speckled with dusky. One example. Atulayan Bay, Luzon. June 17, 1909. Length 41 mm. 20133. Bacoor, Luzon market. June 15, 1908. Length 108 mm. 20487. Bataan Island, tide pool. June 5, 1909. Length 34 to 44 mm. Two examples. One example. Bataan Island, tide pool. July 22, 1909. Length 20 mm. 6776. Beach at village near Chase Head, Endeavor Strait, Palawan Island. December 22, 1908. Length 218 mm. Eleven examples. Below mouth of Mindanao River, Cotabato, Mindanao. May 20, 1908. Length 43 to 72 mm. 20588. Bohol Island. April 9, 1908, Length 62 mm. 18477, 19769. Bolalo Bay, Palawan Island. December 21, 1908. Length 50 to 148 mm. 5669, 5672, 5677. Busin Harbor, Burias Island. April 23, 1908. Length 240 to 255 mm. 11707, 11708. Cagayan, Sulu Island. January 8, 1908. Length 208 to 240 mm. 20262. Cataingan Bay, Masbate. April 18, 1908. Length 50 to 128 mm. Three examples. 16956, 16957. Catbalogan, Samar. April 15, 1908. Length 198 to 200 mm. 17485, 22206. Canmahala Bay, Ragay Gulf. March 11, 1909. Length 46 to 165 mm. Six examples. 5997 [742]. Cavite market. December 1, 1908. Length 109 mm. 12815, 12816. Cavite and San Roque markets. June 27, 1908. Length 106 to 119 mm. 5314, 18361, 18362. Cebu market. April 4, 1908. Length 126 to 244 mm. 7548 to 7550, 7552 to 7555, 10684, 10685, 12883, 12884. Cotabato, Mindanao. May 20, 1908. Length 80 to 143 mm. Ten examples. Cotabato, below mouth of Mindanao River, Mindanao. May 20, 1908. Length 45 to 103 mm. 5841, 21344, 22876, 22878. Davao, Mindanao. May 16, 1908. Length 31 to 215 mm. Ten examples. 20586, 20587. East side Tagbilaran Strait, Bohol Island. April 9, 1908. Length 56 to 62 mm. 17004, 17015. Galvaney Island, Ragay Gulf, Luzon. March 9, 1909. Length 108 to 122 mm. 13814, 13815. Guijulugan, Negros Island. April 2, 1908. Nineteen examples. Length 24 to 153 mm. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 317 4798. Jolo market, Jolo. February 8, 1908. Length 244 mm. Bright olive yellow over dusky, brightest on back and top of head, fading white below. Dusky median streak on breast. Sides of back with small, irregular, citron- yellow spots about size of number 12 shot above, become finer on top of head and coarser on sides below, latter more white. Iris silvery with dusky shades. Greenish line under eye. Dorsal dusky olive-green, with irregular white mot- tling on membranes and soft dorsal with yellowish tinge, rays with spots. Anal like dorsal. Caudal dusky, with slight yellowish shade. Pectoral hya- line, with yellowish dusky shade. Ventral with spines and first ray white, other rays and membranes dusky. 4846. Jolo market. February 11, 1908. Length 238 mm. 9827. Little Santa Cruz Island, Zamboanga. May 26, 1908. Length 210 mm. 11240, 19822. Mactan Island, Cebu. March 25,1909. Length 140 to 147 mm. 6775. Malanipa Island. April 29, 1909. Length 228 mm. 7419, 7421, 8825. Malcochin Harbor, Linapacan Island. December 19, 1908. Length 208 to 263 mm. Three examples. Manila Bay. December 9, 1907. Length 18 to 25 mm. 20095. Manila market. July 11, 1908. Length 148 mm. 7294, 7303, 19615, 19616. Mansalay, Mindoro. June 4, 1908. Length 46 to 163 mm. Six examples. 6215. Mantaquin Bay, Palawan Island. April 2, 1909. Length 108 mm. Oneexample. Masamat Bay, Quinalasag Island,eastern Luzon. June 11,1909. Length 21 mm. 9333. Murcielagos Bay, Mindoro. August 20, 1909. Two examples. Length 226 to 228 mm. 15851. Nabatas Point, Samar Island. July 24, 1909. Length 190 mm. Seven examples. North end of Endeavor Strait, northwest coast of Palawan. December 22, 1908. Length 45 to 93 mm. 15752. Opol, Mindanao. August 4, 1909. Five examples. Length 103 to 189 mm. Twelve examples. Pandanon Island. March 23,1909. Length 27 to 43 mm. Four examples. Pandanon Island. March 24,1909. Length 26 to 48 mm. 19930. Parang, Mindanao. May 23, 1908. Length 208 mm. One thousand and fifty examples. Port Bais anchorage, by electric light. March 31, 1908. Length 23 to 28 mm. All faded pale. 7387. Port Caltom, Busuanga Island. December 15, 1908. Length 225 mm. Eleven examples. Port Galera. June 9, 1908. Length 27 to 61 mm. 10514, 18692, 18693. Port Jamelo, Luzon. July 13,1908. Length 110to203 mm. Four examples. Port Matalvi, Luzon. November 23, 1908. Length 54 to 98 mm. 19778. Ragay Bay, Ragay Gulf. March 10,1909. Length48 mm. One example. Reef opposite Cebu, Cebu. April 5, 1908. Length 23 mm, One example. Reef opposite Cebu. April 7, 1908. Length 33 mm. 14966. Refugio Island, Pasacao, Luzon. March 9, 1909. Length 73 mm. 19453. River at Pasacao, Luzon. March 9, 1909. Length 77 mm. 10583. San Fernando Port. May 10, 1909. Length 154 mm. 5497. San Jaunico Strait, Leyte. April 13, 1908. Length 168 mm. 22383. San Miguel Bay. June 14, 1909. Length 80 mm. 20328. San Pascual Island, tide pool. March 8, 1909. Length 32 to 92 mm, Three examples. ; 9124, 11314, 11315. San Roque, Leyte Island. July 29, 1909. Length 140 to 238 mm. 20242. San Roque market, June 13, 1908. Length 138 mm. 318 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 13807, 13808. Santa Cruz Island, Marinduque. April 24, 1908. Length 84 to: 137 mm. 8811, 9558, 9559, 9560 [1154], 21668 to 21670. Santiago River, Pagapas Bay. February 20, 1909. Length 97 to 175 mm. Soiled slaty gray, becoming whitish below. Numerous elongate elliptical spots on sides, become round on top of head and along dorsal base, also much smaller above, all dusky white in color. Fresh examples show yellowish-olive shades, spots appearing through with slight tendency to dusky margins so as somewhat ocellate. Vertical fins with dusky clouds and blotches. Pectoral hyaline with slight yellowish shade. Ventral clouded dusky. 20623 to 20625. Sirinao Island near Alfonso XIII. December 30, 1908. Length 135 to 168 mm. 17546. Sorsogan market. March 12, 1909. Length 168 mm. One example. Subig Bay, Luzon. Dr. P. Bartsch. Length 20 mm. 4358. Sulade Island. September 17,1909. Length 63 mm. Five examples. Sulade Island. September 18, 1909. Length 28 to 35 mm. (D..5553): Thirteen examples. Surigao, Mindanao. May 5, 1908. Length 28 to 67 mm. Three examples. Taalanchorage. February 20,1909. Length 29 to 31 mm. 11942. Tacloban market, Leyte. April 12, 1908. Length 135 mm. 16273. Teomabal Island. September 13, 1909. Length 190 mm. Six examples. Tutu Bay. September 19, 1909. Length 11 to 33 mm- ¢D. 5562). Four examples. Ulugan Bay in island north of Oyster Inlet. December 28, 1908. Length 61 to 152 mm. 17720. Varadero Bay, Mindoro. July 23, 1908. Length 52 to 228mm. Five examples. 5972. Zamboanga market. May 26, 1908. Length 260 mm. 19340. Sandakan Bay, Borneo. March 2, 1908. Length 59 mm. A875. Limbe Strait, Celebes. November 10, 1909. Length 234 mm. 13593, 18110. Tana Keke Island, Celebes. December 21, 1909. Length 185 to. 204 mm. A1186, 19942. Gane Road, Gillolo Island. December 1, 1909. Length 174 to 208 mm. 11149. Hakuho, Soo Wan, Formosa. January 29, 1910. Length 183 mm. 20342. Kowlan, China. September 12, 1908. Length 113 mm. 12637 U.S.N.M. Zanzibar. British Museum. Two examples. Length 59 to 101 mm. 22578 U.S.N.M. Miuramisaki, Japan. Japanese Government. Length 345mm. 30615 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 119 mm. 30626 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 137 mm. 41553 U.S.N.M. Samoa. Dr. C. H. White. Length 148 mm. 43945 U.S.N.M. Mauritius. Col. Nicholas Pike. Sevenexamples. Length 125 to 180 mm. 49511 U.S.N.M. Yokohama. September, 1899. U.S. FishCommission. Length 118 mm. 52041 U.S.N.M. Southern Negros, Philippines. Dr. Bashford Dean. 1901. Four examples. Length 80 to 160 mm. 52111 U.S.N.M. No locality. Senff Expedition. Length 158 mm. 55948 U.S.N.M. Jolo, Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries [3518]. Length 222 mm. 55953 U.S.N.M. Bacon, Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries [3851]. Length 33- to 43 mm. One hundred and seventy-seven examples. 55974 U.S.N.M. Bacon. Bureau of Fisheries [3924]. Length 125 mm. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 319 56283 U.S.N.M. Iloilo, Philippines. G. A. Lung. Two examples. Length 60 to 71 mm. As Siganus oramin. 57555 U.S.N.M. Japan. P.L. Jouy. Length 200 mm. 59695 U.S.N.M. Kagoshima. Dr. H. M. Smith. Two examples. Length 138 to 140 mm. 59959 U.S.N.M. Clarence River. D.G. Stead. Length 245mm. As Siganus nebulosus. 66033 U.S.N.M. Suva, Fiji. Albatross collection. Length55 mm. As Siganus rostratus. 70999 U.S.N.M. Shinizu, Japan. Albatross collection. Six examples. Length 90 to 148 mm. 71130 U.S.N.M. Tokyo market. Albatross collection. Length 235 mm. 75907 U.S.N.M. Borneo. H.C. Raven. Length 233 mm. SIGANUS LURIDUS (Riippell) Amphacanthus luridus (EHRENBERG) Ripreut, Atlas Reise nérdl. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 45. Tor, Red Sea.—VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 150 (Massuah).—GutcuHEnot, Notes I. Réunion, vol. 2, 1862, p. 27.—KnerR, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 207 (Nicobars).— KiunzinGER, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 21, 1871, p. 503 (Koseir, Red Sea). Teuthis lurida GintuerR, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 321 (Red Sea).—Ktunzincer, Fische Roth. Meer, 1884, p. 75.—Meryrr, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 22 (Cebu).—E LzEra, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 529 (Cebu).—Srerinpacuner, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., vol. 71, 1907, p. 140 (Makall, South Arabia). Differs from Siganus fuscescens in color. According to Klunzinger this is greenish, dark above. Yellowish longitudinal line on lower half of head and body, which diffusely marbled with dark spots and oblique bands. Fins dark, dorsal rays yellow. Caudal with vertical rows of dark spots. Pectoral greenish yellow. Red Sea and Nicobars. Listed by Elera from Cebu. SIGANUS ARGENTEUS (Quoy and Gaimard) Amphacanthus argenteus Quoy and Gaimarp, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1825, p. 368, pl. 62, fig. 3. Mariannes, Guam.—VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss. vol. 10, 1835, p. 161 (Mariannes, Guam).—WepeEr, Siboga Exp., vol. 57’ Fische, 1913, p. 330 (Biaru Island). Teuthis argentea Gtinruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 322 (Mariannes); Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 90 (loeality?).—EnEera, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 531 (Luzon, Batangas, Nasugbu). Depth 4 in total. Silvery, back brownish. Originally described from an example 54 mm. long. 82913 U.S.N.M. Fiji. Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Length 55 mm, SIGANUS LINEATUS (Valenciennes) Amphacanthus lineatus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 130, pl. 286. Vanicolo and New Guinea.—Wuirt.ey, Records Austral. Mus., vol. 16, No. 4, March 28, 1928, p. 231 (Moreton Bay, type of Teuthis flava and Siganus aurolineatus, Murray Island, Thursday Island, Pellew Group Cape Wessel; Vanikoro). 320 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Teuthis lineata GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 322 (copied) Siganus lineatus JonDAN and S#ALxg, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 35 (Manila).—EveRMANN and SEALz, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 98 (Bacon).—Jorpan and RicHarpson, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 271 (Cuyo).—SnypeEr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 511 (Okinawa). Siganus aurolineatus OGILBY, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 1, 1912, p. 56. Somerset, North Queensland. Teuthis flava De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 9, 1884 (1885), p. 462. No locality.—Kernt, Great Barrier Reef, 1893, p. 286 (Queensland). Depth 2144; head 324, width 2. Snout 1% in head; eye 3%, 134 in snout, 11% in interorbital; teeth about 46 in each jaw; maxillary 314 in head; interorbital 224, broadly convex; preopercle limb, suprascapular arch and opercle feebly striate. Gillrakers 6 + 16, short, flexible points, Scales minute, ovoid elongate, cycloid, 86 to 108 circuli. Cheek more or less entirely covered with small scales to preopercle ridge. D. XIII, 10,1, fourth spine 21% in head, third ray 1%; A. VII, 9, 1, third spine 2,5, second ray 124; caudal evenly emarginate, 1; least depth of caudal peduncle 31%; pectoral 114; ventral 13s. Back dull brownish generally, sides and below white. Below lat- eral line about a dozen parallel longitudinal pale blue-gray bands wide as interspaces and each with brown border line; many of bands joined or anastomose in places; bands also continue on head, but more or less obliquely; above lateral line become greatly irregular, often forming vermiculations, arcs, spots, etc. Iris yellowish, brown- ish externally. . Fins all dull or drab brown, rayed vertical ones with scattered or obscure deeper brown spots or blotches. Below last rays of soft dorsal pale to neutral blotches on tail above. Compared with the original figure our specimen differs a little, likely a condition of age. It shows more horizontal bands and the spots on the soft vertical fins are more indistinct. It seems quite likely that Siganus aurolineatus Ogilby is based on a half-grown example. 1296. No locality, likely Philippines? 1891. Length 303 mm. SIGANUS SPINUS (Linnaeus) Sparus spinus LinnarEus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10 vol. 1, 1758, p. 281. East Indies.—OssBeck, Reise Ost. China, 1765, p. 357 (China).—LInNnarEvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 471—Bonnarterre, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 103 (East Indies)—GmeEtin, Syst. Nat. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1789, p. 1278 (East Indies).—WatBavm, Arted. Pisc., vol. 3, 1792, p. 291 (on LINNAEUS).—ForstTER, Fauna Indica, 1795, p. 15. Amphacanthus marmoratus Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1825, p. 367, pl. 62, figs. 1-2. Guam.—VaALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 124 (Mariannes; Java).—BLEEkeER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland Indié, vol. 10, 1856, p. 360 (Terna‘e); vol. 11, 1856, p. 95 (Banda), p. 489 (Ceram); vol. 12, 1856, p. 193 (Ternate); vol. 13, 1857, p. 56 (Kajeli, Buru), p. 478 (Karangbollong), p. 479 (Prigi, Java); vol. 14, 1857, p. 245 (Prigi); vol. 15, 1858, p. 200 (Goram); vol. 16, 1858, p. 209 (Batjan); FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS B21 vol. 17, 1858-59, p. 143 (Boleling; Bali); vol. 19, 1859, p. 331 (Patjitan, Java), p. 333 (Karangbollong); vol. 22, 1860, p. 245 (Bat oesendi, Bawean), p. 249 (Timor); Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 3, 1856, pp. 4, 31 (Manado); vol. 3, No. 4, 1857-58, p. 3 (Manado); vol. 3, No. 9, 1857-58, p. 4 (Trussan); vol, 5, No. 8, 1858-59, p. 2 (Tobariri, Celebes).—KNeER, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 207 (Tahiti). Wexner, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 327 (Manado and Banda). Teuthis marmorata BLEEKER, Verslag. en Mededeel. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, vol. 14, 1862, p. 97 (Ternate); ser. 2, vol. 2, 1868, p. 276 (Batjan); vol. 2, ser. 7, 1873, p. 36 (Aru Islands).—GtnrTuER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 322 (Borneo).—Btierexrr, Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 254 (Wahai, Ceram); vol. 1, 1863, p. 270 (Atapupu, Timor); vol. 3, 1866, p. 42, (Harouko).—Ginrumr, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 90 (Carolines and East Indies).—StTEInDACHNER, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges., vol. 25, 1900, p. 426 (Ternate). Siganus marmoratus JoRDAN and SEaue, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 35 (Manila).—Jorpan and Ricuarpson, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 271 (Calayan).—Snypemr, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 511 (Okinawa).—Fow esr, Copeia, No. 58, June 18, 1918, p. 64 (Philippines); Bishop Mus. Bull., No. 22, 1925, p. 12 (Guam). Amphacanthus guamensis VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 163. Guam. Amphacanthus scaroides BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 4, 1853, p. 262. Priaman and Cauer, Sumatra; vol. 6, 1854, p. 90 (Banda Neira), p. 204 (Timor Kupang), p. 517 (Oelakan, West Sumatra). Teuthis striolata GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol 3, 1861, p. 319. Anei- teum, New Hebrides; Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 4-5, 1874, p. 89, pl. 59, fig. A (New Hebrides, Solomons, Samoa, Friendly Islands, Society Islands)—Bravrort, Bijd. Dierk., Amsterdam, vol. 19, 1918, p. 125. Siganus rostratus (part) JorDAN and S8ats, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, 1905 (1906), p. 360 (Apia). Siganus tetrazonus (not BLEEKER) SnypDER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mvs., vol. 42, 1912, p. 511 (Okinawa, Riu Kiu). Depth 2% to 224; head 31% to 44%, width 1% to 2. Snout 214 to 21% in head; eye 3 to 3%, 1% to 1144 insnout, equal to or greater than interorbital; teeth about 35 in each jaw; maxillary 3)¥ to 314 in head; interorbital 274 to 3, very slightly elevated and also with slight median depression; preorbital, preopercle flange, opercle and scapular arch striate. Gull rakers 5+ 16, short, weak points. Scales small, ovoid, cycloid, 20 to 48 circuli. Cheek largely cov- ered with small scales, often naked strip above and below along pre- opercle ridge. D. XIII, 10, 1, fifth spine 134 to 2 in head, third ray 1% to 134; A. VII, 9, 1, third spine 134 to 2, third ray 2 to 21%; caudal 14% to 15, slightly emarginate; least depth of caudal peduncle 4 to 5; pectoral 114 to 144; ventral 12s to 14. Body dull brown, pale to whitish below. Back and sides marked with vermiculating lines of gray more or less as reticulations. Iris erayish yellowish-white. Vertical fins brown, spinous portions 322 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM clouded with dusky and on rayed portions each ray with several brown blotches. Pectoral pale uniform brown. Ventral grayish with 4 series of deep brown blotches. East Indies, Philippines, Riu Kiu, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia. Jordan and Seale contend that Siganus striolatus is distinct as ‘‘in the type of striolatus the fins are said to be immaculate.’”’ We do not think this distinction can be of any value as Giinther’s types were two stuffed specimens. Anyone familiar with old dried fish specimens knows that the brown blotches on the rays, as in a species of the present type, could readily fade out and appear immaculate. In our young examples the pale lines often have a more hexagonal reticu- lated appearance, several dark large blotches on the dorsals and anals, often 2 dark brown bands across chin with posterior narrower, double broad brown band across breast and another across belly behind ven- tral fins. Variably brown bands may be formed as 5 blotches along bases of anals. In the very young these blotches give the fish much the appearance of being cross banded, the rest of the fins white or immaculate and the bands extending out to the fin edges of the spinous portions. Forty-four examples. Atulayan Bay, Luzon. June 17, 1909. Length 36 to 80 mm. 19768, 19770. Bolalo Bay, Palawan. December 21, 1908. Three examples. Length 59 to 83 mm. 11998, 11999, 16044, 17141, 17142. Cabugan Island, Hinunangan Bay, Leyte Island. July 30, 1909. Length 134 to 163 mm. 11338, 11339. Cebu market. April 4, 1908. Length 103 to 108 mm. 22135. Cebu market. September 4, 1909. Length 90 mm. One example. Cebu market. September 3, 1909. Length 38 mm. 19274. Inamucan Bay, Mindanao. Length 112 mm. 5971, 9165, 9166, 12809, 12810, 22238. Little Santa Cruz, Zamboanga. May 26, 1908. Length 130 to 218 mm. 20389. Maculabo Island. June 14, 1909. Length 75 mm. Six examples. Mahinog, Camiguin Island. August 3, 1909. Length 36 to 85 mm. Four examples. Mansalay, Mindoro. June 4, 1908. Length 45 to 53 mm. 20356, 20357. Nasugbu, Luzon. January 16, 1908. Length 83 mm. Fifty-nine examples. Olangapo (over ship’s side). January 7, 1908. Length 21 to 25 mm. One example. Opol, Mindanao Island. August 4,1909. Length 123 mm. Two examples. Pancol. December 25, 1908. Length 35 to 42 mm. Six examples. Port Caltom. December 15, 1908. Length 67 to 92 mm. One example. Port Galera. June 9, 1908. Length 35 mm. Four examples. Reef opposite Cebu. April 7, 1908. Length 21 or 22 mm. Five examples. Subig Bay. January 7, 1908. Length 22 to 25 mm. 13349: Suragao Point, Luzon. June 24, 1909. Length 158 mm. 21787. Tara Island. December 15, 1908. Length 75 mm. 16260. Teomabal Island. September 18, 1909. Length 120 mm. 19372. Ulugan Bay, Palawan Island. December 29, 1908. ?356, 8357. Reefs in Apra Bay, Guam. November 19-21, 1907. Length 80 to 104 mm. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 323 ‘One example (D. 5598). October 12, 1909. Length 24 mm. Three examples. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 77 to 210 mm. As Siganus rostratus. 32735 U.S.N.M. Indian Archipelago. Leiden Museum. Length 111 mm. 52352 U.S.N.M. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Four examples. Length 73 to 260 mm. 57952 U.S.N.M. Zamboanga. Dr. E. A. Mearns. Three hundred and thirty- four examples. Length 20 to 26 mm. 71588 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands. Twenty-three examples. Length 45 to 58 mm. Albatross collection, 1906. As Siganus tetrazonus. 71920 U.S.N.M. Nafa. Albatross collection. Length 167 mm. 72009 U.S.N.M. Japan. Bureau of Fisheries. Twoexamples. Length 82 mm. 82911 U.S.N.M. Fiji. Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Length 85 to 150 mm. Four examples. 83255 U.S.N.M. No locality. Wilkes Exploring Expedition. SIGANUS RIVULATUS (Forskal) Scarus rivulatus ForskAu, Descript. Animal., 1775, pp. x, 25. Arabia. Scarus siganus ForsKAu, Descript. Animal., 1775, p. 25. Arabia. (Alter- nate name for Scarus rivulatus).—BONNATERRE, Tabl. Ichth., 1788, p. 94 (Red Sea). Amphacanthus siganus RUprevy, Atlas Reise nérdl. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 44, pl. 11, fig. 1 (Tor); Neue Wirbelth., Fische, 1835, p. 130.—VaLEn- CIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 152 (Suez, Tor, Massuah).— WEBER, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 327 (Bima, Siau). Amphacanthus sigan KLUNZINGER, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 21, 1871, p. 502 (Red Sea). Teuthis sigana GinrueER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 322 (copied). Teuthis sigan KLUNZINGER, Fische Roth. Meer., 1884, p. 75. Amphacanthus nebulosus Quoy and Gatmarp, Voy. Uranie, Zool., Jan. 29- May 26, 1925, p.370. Sydney Bay, Port Jackson.—VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 164 (Timor, Mariannes, Port Jackson).— Wuittey, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 16, No. 4, March 28, 1928, p. 232 (Queensland; New South Wales; types of Siganus consobrinus). Teuthis nebulosa GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 321 (Sydney, type of Amphacanthus gymnopareius, Australia).—PLAYFaAIR, Fishes of Zan- zibar, 1865, p. 51, pl. 10, fig. 3 (Aden, Zanzibar, Johanna Island).—Gitn- THER, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. 168, 1879, p. 470 (Rodriguez).— Meyer, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 22 (North Celebes; Kordo Mysore).—E.xra, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 529 (Luzon, Manila, Cebu).—ReEaan, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, pt. 2, 1905, p. 330 (Persian Gulf).—GrLcurist and THompson, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 11, pt. 2, 1911 p. 37 (Natal). Siganus nebulosus FowuERr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1925, p. 253 (Delagoa Bay).—Barnarp, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 1927, p. 785 (East London, Natal, Delagoa Bay). Amphacanthus maculosus Quoy and GarMarRD, Voy. Uranie, Zool., Jan. 29- May 26, 1825, p. 370. Sydney Bay, Port Jackson. Amphacanthus abhortani VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 143. Mauritius—Savuvacr, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p- 288, pl. 35, fig. 7 (type). Amphacanthus olivaceous VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 163. Mauritius. Amphacanthus gymnopareius Ricuarpson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., London vol. 11, 1843, p. 174. Port Essington. 324 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Teuthis albopunctatus (not SCHLEGEL) ALLEYNE and Mac.nay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 1, 1877, p. 338 (Cape Grenville)—Mac.eay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 5, 1881, p. 443 (on GttnruEeR).— Kent, Great Barrier Reef, 1893, p. 286. Siganus consobrinus OaiLBy, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 1. 1912, p. 54, pl. 18. Moreton Bay. Known chiefly by its color which olivaceous with several irregular, diffuse, yellowish longitudinal lines and diffuse brownish cross bands. Body and fins often clouded or spotted with darker. Red Sea, Zanzibar, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodriguez, Natal, East Indies, Philippines, Queensland, New South Wales, Micronesia. SIGANUS TETRAZONUS (Bleeker) Amphacanthus tetrazona BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié,vol, 8, 1855, p. (486) 441. Manado, Celebes. Teuthis tetrazona GintuER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 323 (copied). Siganus tetrazonus JORDAN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 35 (Manila). Yellow, with 4 pairs of undulated brownish bands across back. SIGANUS DOLIATUS (Valenciennes) Amphacanthus doliatus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 132. Buru and Vanicolo; Régne Animal Cuvier, Poiss., Ill. 1839, pl. 71, fig. 1 (Moluccas).—BuEEkER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 4, 1853, p. (596) 605 (Ternate); vol. 7, 1854, p. 361 (Batjan).—Kner, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 209 (Pujuipat Island). Siganus doliatus Gu&Rin, Iconogr. Poiss., 1829-44, pl. 35, fig. 1 (Buru). Teuthis doliata GintTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 323 (copied) ; - Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 90 (New Hebrides, Pelew Islands, Fiji, Ponape)—Mryerr, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat, Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 21 (Rubi, New Guinea). Depth 2 to 24%; head 336 to 324, width 2 to 214%. Snout 2 to 2+, in head; eye 3 to 33%, 12 to 134 in snout, 1 to 1 in interorbital; teeth about 40 in each jaw; maxillary 3 to 334 in head; interorbital 2144 to 27%, broadly convex; preorbital, preopercle limb, opercle and scapular arch striate. Gill rakers 5+17, short, bifid cuneate. Seales small, ovate, cycloid, circuli fine though rather imperfect, 30 to 40. Cheek largely covered with small scales. D. XIII, 10, 1, fifth spine 134 to 1% in head, fourth ray 114 to 114; A. VII, 9, 1, third spine 134 to 144, third ray 124 to 134; cau- dal emarginated moderately or lunate, 314 to 314 in combined head and body; least depth of caudal peduncle 324 to 334 in head; pec- toral 1+; to 11%; ventral 134 to 134. Back brown, pale or light grayish below. Head above with ver- miculate bluish lines, often transverse across front and sometimes may extend on opercle below; usually on opercle oblique blue lines all sloping backward toward gill-opening. On side of breast number of longitudinal gray lines. On side about 30 vertical blue lines all FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 325 close-set and parallel and behind longitudinal blue lines extend on caudal peduncle. Iris brownish. Fins all brownish, spinous fins with brown blotches. East Indies, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia. Very closely re- lated to Siganus virgatus and only distinguished by the increased vertical blue lines on the flanks. A1128. Makyan Island. November 29, 1909. Two examples. Length 192 to 213 mm. A1106. Makyan Island. November 28, 1909. Length 255 mm. A853. Talisse Island. November 9, 1909. Length 248 mm. A1165. Gane Road, Gillolo Island. December 1, 1909. Length 195 mm. A1059. Tidore Island, Dutch East Indies. November 24, 1909. Length 228 mm. Brown ocular and shoulder bands. Ground color yellow, with blue stripes, vertical stripes continuous from gill opening to below middle of soft dorsal, slightly vermiculated below dorsal. Horizontal lines only on caudal peduncle and extreme posterior body. Lower surface of body from level of middle of pectoral to axil of anal silvery white. Base of pectoral to throat with 3 or 4 orange and slaty stripes. Forehead and snout with eross bars of yellow and blue and also striped portion of side of head. Spinous dorsal olivaceous or orange, bright yellow on soft dorsal. Caudal yellow. Anal pale hyaline orange. Pectoral dusky. Ventral colorless. 30572 U.S.N.M. New Guinea. Australian Museum. Length 203 mm. SIGANUS PUELLUS (Schlegel) Amphacanthus puellus SCHLEGEL, Bijdr. Dierk., vol. 1, 1852, p. 39, fig. 2. East Indies.—BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 2, No. 7, 1857, p. 5 (Amboina); vol. 3, No. 4, 1857-58, p. 3 (Macassar).—WEBER, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 329 (Gisser). Teuthis puella GtintHEerR, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 323 (copied).—BLEEKER, Nederland. Tijds. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 249 (Flores); Verslag. en Mededeel. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, vol. 16, 1864, p. 368 (Aru Islands, Moluccas).—GtntueEr, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol, 2-3, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 91 (Apamana; Pelew Islands). Amphacanthus cyanotaenia BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 4, 1853, p. 606. Ternate, Amboina; vol. 5, 1853, p. 319 (Amboina); vol. 6, 1854, p. 90 (Banda, Neira); vol. 8, 1855, p. 296 (Ternate); vol. 9, 1855, p. 106 (Sahu, Halmaheira); Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 3, 1856, p. 8 (Macassar). Amphacanthus ocularis THIOLLIERE, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 178. Wood- lark Island. Siganus zoniceps SEALE, Occas. Papers Bishop Mus., vol. 4, No. 1, 1906, p. 69, fig. 18. Shortland Island. Siganus marmoratus (part) SnypER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 511 (Okinawa, Riu Kiu). Depth 214 to 214; head 3 to 344, width 214 to 244. Snout 2 to 21 in head; eye 3 to 324, 114 to 134 in snout, 1 to 114 in interorbital; teeth 30 to 32 in each jaw; maxillary 314 to 4% in head; interorbital 2% to 3%, broadly convex; opercle, scapular arch and preopercle limb with striae. Gill rakers 4+17, short points. Seales minute, ovoid, cycloid, circuli 60 to 90. Cheek scaled to preopercle ridge. 91469—29——22 326 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAI MUSEUM D. XIII, 10, 1, fifth spine 2144 to 2 in head, fifth ray 13¢ to 124; A. VII, 9, 1, fifth spine 17% to 2, second ray 134 to 21%; caudal emarginate, well forked with age, 324 to 34 in combined head and body; least depth of caudal peduncle 324 to 5 in head; pectoral 114 to 114; ventral 13% to 14. Back and upper surfaces brown, below gray-white to white. Brown band crosses chin, then up behind maxillary to eye and above to procumbent spine at front of spinous dorsal; within its area above eye are 7 to 12 dusky, rounded, well-spaced spots. Iris yellowish to olivaceous. Body with 8 longitudinal gray-blue lines in young; with age increasing to about 15, of which front ones interrupted above pectoral as obliquely vertical lines, while longitudinal lines may be broken, irregular, or even waved in‘places. Fins all pale or dull uni- form brown, paired ones, caudal and anal pale to whitish in young. East Indies. The coloration changes in many cases with preser- vation, often the blue lines turning to deep brown bands. Though quite variable in the details of the blue lines the design is quite constant. 8361, 8364. Atulayan Island. June 18, 1909. Length 238 to 248 mm. One example. Batan Island. June 5, 1909. Length 193 to 265mm. Two examples. A582. Busbus Point, Siasi Island. September 20, 1909. Length 243 mm. 15189. Busin Harbor, Burias Island. March 7, 1909. Length 206 mm. 7842. Busin Harbor. March 8,1909. Length 208 mm. 5630. Busin Harbor. April 22, 1908. Length 300 mm. 9141. Cabugan, Chico Island. July 30, 1909. Length 262 mm. 7870, 7871. Cagayan, Sulu. January 8,1909. Length 275to 287mm. Ground color lemon yellow, probably olivaceous or olive green on back in life. Dark bar through eye from chin to nape. Head above smoky purplish or blackish. Nape and back anteriorly with many small slate blue spots, perhaps brown on ocular bar fading to gray yellow; undulating lines or stripes of blue on back and side posteriorly running more or less longitudinally and above pectoral more or less vertically, breaking into dots about soft dorsal and at caudal base. Breast with obscure purplish lines and reticulations. Fins bright yellow, except ventrals, which whitish. 7798, 7862, 7863. Candaraman Island, Balabac. January 4, 1909. Length 200 to 253 mm. 8026. Capulaan Bay, Leyte. February 24,1909. Length 260 mm. 13930. Cebu market. April 4,1908. Length 153 mm. 5380. Cebu market. April 6,1908. Length175 mm. Back olive, washed with yellow, latter brighter anteriorly. Seal brown bar from nape through eye to tip of chin, broken into round spots above eye. Cheek and upper part of opercle sulphury yellow, edge of opercle and interopercle white. Forehead and snout above washed with yellow. Side of body marked with numerous waved blue pale lines, more or less parallel to outline except on shoulder, where obliquely vertical for about 24 distance of depressed pectoral—above shoulder under spinous dorsal—and as lines of broken roundish spots; some- what same at caudal base. Iris dusky with some golden. Area before pecto- ral base and above markedly tinged with orange. Vertical fins like body but more yellowish. Anal base pale. Pectoral hyaline yellow. Ventral soiled white with yellowish wash terminally. FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS B20 7586. Endeavor Strait, Malampaya Sound, Palawan Island. December 23, 1908, Length 280mm. Ground color yellowish or bronzed. Bars and vermiculations slaty. 4868. Jolo market. February 13, 1908. Length 232 mm. 7916. Limbones Cove, Luzon. February 8, 1909. Twoexamples. Length 253 to 255 mm. General color olive yellow, in life bright lemon yellow merging into slate white on lower surfaces. Top and side of head olive yellow. Brown stripe or bar from chin though eye meeting across nape in predorsal, below eye bordered by slaty blue and above dotted with round seal brown spots. On back undulating narrow slate blue lines, these breaking into round dots anteri- orly and posteriorly; first reaches from first or second dorsal spine to penulti- mate; second broken far as seventh dorsal spine, then parallels first stripe; below about 6 others breaking into round spots on caudal peduncle; below these 4 or 5 very waved stripes; on anterior side vertical undulating stripes, about 10 to 12, reaching from second horizontal stripe to about level of lower pectoral base; on lower side above anal base ground color as round yellow spots. Dull orange arc on gill opening before front of pectoral. Vertical fins yellowish near body color, without spots. Pectoral rays bright yellow, mem- branes hyaline. Ventral pale. 9002. Mactan Cove, Mactan Island. April 6, 1908. Length 141 mm. 15795. Makesi Island, Palawan. April 5, 1909. Length 160 mm. 6158, 6159. Mansalay, Mindanao. June 4,1908. Length 238 to 255 mm. 20297, 20298. Near Palag Bay, Luzon. June 16,1909. Length 215 to 238 mm. 7968, 15654. Pagapas Bay, Luzon. February 20,1909. Length 235 to 244 mm, Generally lemon yellow, brighter posteriorly. Dark brown stripe from nape through eye to chin about width of eye and numerous spots above eye within bar; on fading spots occellate brownish centers and yellow rims. Stripes on body bluish, vertical in suprapectoral region, horizontal above and posterior and breaking into spots more or less on back anteriorly and caudal peduncle. Fins below lemon yellow, membranes slightly hyaline, without spots or bars. 15336. Port Palapag. June 3,1909. Length 190 mm. 12116 [925]. Port Uson, west of Pinas Island. December 17,1908. Length 184 mm. Upper surfaces with olive and yellow tints. Vermiculating lines slate. Lower surfaces pale. Fins distinctly yellow. 8782. Quinalasag Island. June 12,1909. Length 246 mm. 8255. Saboon Island, Ragay Gulf. March 10,1909. Length 248 mm. 15766. Sacol Island. September 9, 1909. Length 112 mm. 5715. Surigao, Mindanao. May 8,1908. Length 292 mm. 4962. Tataan Island, Tawi Tawi Group. February 21,1908. Length 133 mm. A463. Tulnalutan Island. September 9, 1909. Length 233 mm. 70855. Tutu Bay, Jolo Island. September 19,1909. Length 92 mm. A1231, 19795. Gomomo Island. December 3, 1909. Length 98 to 250 mm. A1145, 9720. Kayoa Island. November 29, 1909. Length 150 to 225 mm. A954, A955. Sadaa Island. November 17,1909. Length 266 to 300 mm. 21377. Talisse Island. November 9, 1909. Length 78 mm. 71658 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa, Riu Kiu. Albatross collection, 1906. Length 203 mm. As Siganus marmoratus. SIGANUS VIRGATUS (Valenciennes) Amphacanthus virgatus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 133. Java.—ScHLEGEL and MUtuuer, Verh. Nat. Ges. Nederland. Zool., 1839-44, p. 11, pl. 3, fig. 1 (Buru, Vanikoro, Timor).—BLEExeEr, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 3, 1852, p. 53 (Singapore); vol. 7, 1854, p. 227 (Macassar); vol. 8, 1855, p. 844 (Duizend Island); vol. 9, 1855, p. 228 328 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM (Macassar); vol. 10, 1856, p. 347 (Rio, Bintang); vol. 15, 1858, p. 220 (Bili- ton), p. 242 (Singapore); vol. 18, 1859, p. 354 (Bawean); vol. 21, 1860, p. 138 (Muntok, Banka); vol. 22, 1860, p. 245 (Batoesendi, Tambelang,, Bawean); Act. Soe. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 3, 1856, p. 8 (Macassar) ; vol. 3, No. 5, 1857-58, p. 2 (Macassar); vol. 3, No. 9, 1857-58, p. 4 (Trus- san).—KnNeER, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 209 (Java and Singapore).— Jouan, Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, ser. 2, vol. 2, 1866, p. 124 (Poulo-Condor, off Lower Cochin).—Marrens, Preuss. Exp. Ost-Asien, 1876, p. 394 (Singapore). Teuthis virgata GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 323 (China and Philippines). —BLereKxer, Verslag. en Mededeel. Kon. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, vol. 2, ser. 2, 1868, p. 291 (Rio, Bintang).—Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 166, pl. 40, fig. 3 (Andamans).—KArou1, Termesz. Fizetek, Budapest, vol. 1, 1881, p. 158 (Singapore).—Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, 1889, p. 89.—E tra, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 531 (Luzon, Manila, Cavite, Santa Cruz).—Isnikawa and Matsuura, Prelim. Cat. Fish. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 34. Theutis virgata STEINDACHNER, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 60, Heft 1, 1870, p. 565 (Singapore). —Dincxsr, Mitt. Naturht. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 21, 1903 (1904). p. 159 (Singapore). Teuthis virgatus FowtEr, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 12, 1904, p. 546 (Padang). Siganus virgatus JonpaNn and FowtsEr, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1902, p. 562 (copied).—JorDAN and Seaxz, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 35 (Panay).—EVERMANN and Sgatg, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 98 (Bacon).—SEALE and Buran, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 247 (Zamboanga).—JorpaNn and Ricuarpson, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 27, 1907 (1908), p. 271 (Cuyo).—Fow.sr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1927, p. 287 (Calapan). Depth 134 to 17%; head 314 to 334, width 1% to 2. Snout 2% to 214 in head; eye 23% to 314, 1 to 1% in snout, 1 to 114 im interor- bital; teeth about 36 in each jaw; maxillary 324 to 334 in head; inter- orbital 214 to 27%, broadly convex; infraorbitals, preopercle flange, opercle and scapular arch striate. Gill rakers 5+21, short, bifid points. Scales small, ovoid, cycloid, 50 to 80 circuli. Cheek naked or with a few scattered small scales, often naked in young. D. XIII, 9, 1 or 10, 1, fifth spine 134 to 134 in head, fourth ray 144 to 12g; A. VII, 8, 1 or 9, 1, third spine 12¢ to 14, third ray 14 to 114; caudal slightly emarginate in young, little more so with age, 27% to 3% in combined head and body; least depth of caudal pedun- cle 27% to 4 in head; pectoral 1144; ventral 114. Dull brown generally, but little paler below and usually posterior half of body slightly lighter. Iris brownish. Broad dark brown band from predorsal forward to eye and then obliquely to chin, its width equal to eye. Another parallel oblique deep brown band from anterior portion of spinous dorsal down to pectoral axil and then across breast, its width greater than anterior band above though more or less narrowing below; in adults not extending below pectoral FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 329 base; sometimes upper limits variably narrowed or with undulations; each oblique band with narrow pale marginal line and intervening areas pale or grayish, also area behind posterior band. Over and within dark and pale bands on upper surface of back variable gray to dusky vermiculating or waved lines, though mostly transverse, so that 9 or 10 cross front of body before dorsal in space down to snout, with age about 15. Often a number of dark oblique lines down on preorbital within dark band. Examples often show pale area on lower half of head spotted with brown or in other cases with varied vermiculating bluish or dark gray lines. Often times whole back with pale gray to deep brown spots which extend more or less sparsely on abdomen, in some cases forming variable vertical blue- eray parallel lines over costal region and trunk above. Some exam- ples may show 1 or 2 parallel gray lines on side of thorax before pectoral base. Spinous dorsal and spinous anal brown, often clouded darker, and in adults often large scattered dusky spots on membranes medially to basally. Soft vertical fins often clouded with brownish. Paired fins dull brown. Andamans, East Indies, Philippines, China. A very abundant and variable species in the Philippines. It is closely related to Siganus doliatus, but differs in a slightly deeper body and less lineated color-pattern. Young examples often show the caudal with 5 or 6 dark cross bands and the soft dorsal and anal with dark cross bands. Although we admit Siganus doliatus as dis- tinct, it is with some hesitancy, as we-have 3 examples listed under the present species which surely appear intermediate in color-pattern. The largest (12897) has 13 vertical bluish lines which extend well down on the lower sides. The last line is about opposite the base of the fourth anal spine and then 4 or 5 longitudinal lines extend back- ward on hind part of tail and caudal peduncle. On the right side of the same fish are 20 vertical bluish lines and the last is about oppo- site front of soft dorsal and the longitudinal lines correspondingly short. The markings on the opercle are reticulations, which are in agreement with Giinther’s compilation of his Tewthis doliata, as he says ‘those on the operculum reticulated.”” In the examples we describe as Siganus doliatus they may be a little vermiculate below though usually they appear as oblique short bars or lines all inclined from the infraorbital limits toward the edge of the gill opening. 15172. Alibijaban Island, Ragay Gulf, Luzon. March 6,1909. Length 110 mm. 11200, 13713, 16066. Alimango Bay, Burias Island. March 5, 1909. Length 118 to 165 mm. 19373. Beach near Caiholo, Ulugan Bay. December 29, 1908. Length 60 mm. 9492, 10590, 19767. Bolalo Bay, Palawan Island. Four examples. December 21,1968. Length 68 to 215 mm. 12204, 14795, 15569, 15570. Bugsuk Island, Balabac. January 5,1909. Length 85 to 158 mm. 9008, 9009. Busin Harbor, Burias Island. April22,1908. Length 161 to 188 mm. 330 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 168, 15308. Busin Harbor. March 8, 1909. Length 103 to 152 mm. 9821. Cagayan, Sulu Island. January 8, 1909. Length 200 mm. 14981. Calangaman Island. March 16, 1909. Length 162 mm. 8866 to 8868. Canimo Island. June 15,1909. Length 228 to 260 mm. 15902. Capulaan Bay, Pagbilao Island. February 24,1909. Length 185 mm. 13164, 13165. Cataingan Bay, Masbate. April 17,1908. Length 108to 111mm. One example. Cataingan Bay. April 18,1908. Length 65 mm. 15271. Canmahala Bay, Ragay Gulf. March 11,1909. Length 168 mm. 18392. Cebu market. April 4,1908. Length 103 mm. 17084. Dupon Port, Leyte Island. March 17,1909. Length 150 mm. 14628. Galvaney Island, Ragay Gulf. Mareh 9,1909. Length 160 mm. 4594, 4595. Grande Island Reef, Subig Bay. January 8, 1908. Length 168 to 176 mm. 14429. Gubat, Sorsogan, Luzon. June 23,1909. Length 110 mm. 7444. Guntao Island. December 20,1908. Length 220 mm. 8763, 8764. Lahuy Island. June 11,1909. Length 243 to 260 mm. 9013, 9014. Langao Point, Luzon. June 24,1909. Length 210 to 218 mm. 12808. Little Santa Cruz Island, Zamboanga. May 26,1908. Length 183 mm. 11132, 19152 [1336]. Lode Bay, Destacado Island. March 13,1909. Length 168 to 210 mm. 22509 [509]. Mactan Island, Mactan Cove. April 6, 1908. Length 148 mm. Umber bars with more or less reddish shades, borders slate blue. Bands on front of head similar. Center of side with reddish umber wash. 5443,.5445. Maculabo Island. June 14,1909. Length 180 to 195 mm. 12022, 12125, 12153. Malcochin Harbor, Linapacan Island. December 19, 1908. Length 145 to 203 mm. 20151. Malecochin Harbor. December 18, 1908. Length 45 mm. 4701, 19617. Mansalay, Mindoro. June4,1908. Length 38to170mm. Seven examples. 9054. Masbate Reef, Masbate. April 20, 1908. Length 170 mm. 7245. Masinloc Bay, Zambales. March 23, 1908. Length 210 mm. 11207, 11208, 14694. Matnog Bay. May 31, 1909. Length 115 to 155 mm. 15850. Nabatas Point, Samar. July 24, 1909. Length 178 mm. 12761. North end of Endeavor Strait, Palawan. December 22, 1908. Eleven examples. Length 54 to 132 mm. 14291 [1151]. Pagapas Bay. February 20, 1909. Length 173 mm. Large clavate dark-brown blotch from pectoral base across shoulder, sides edged with blue stripes. Head brown, except opercle and darker mark from chin through eye. Other dark-blue marks and spots on head and upper front. part of side and back. Spinous dorsal dusky olive, tipped with smoky yellow. Anal tinged bluish. Caudal, upper posterior part of back and most of soft dorsal yellowish. 278. Paluan Bay, Mindoro. December 11, 1908. Length 173 mm. 17868, 17869. Polloc, Mindanao. May 22, 1908. Length 175 to 180 mm. 15926, 22633. Port Banalacan. February 23, 1909. Length 205 to 210 mm. 11253, 14711. Port Caltom. December 15, 1908. Length 150 to 178 mm. 5760, 5761. Port Capunuypugan, Mindanao. May 10, 1908. Length 218 mm. 7766, 14947. Port Ciego, ‘Balabac Island. January 3, 1909. Length 168 to 208 mm. 9181 to 9183, 10364, 10513, 13823, 18694 to 18696. Port Jamelo, Luzon. July 13, 1908. Length 34 to 185 mm. Ten examples. Three examples. Port Matalvi, Luzon. November 23, 1908. Length 42 to 60 mm, FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 331 6889, 6997, 6998. Port San Pio Quinto, Camiguin Island. November 10, 1908. Length 228 to 265 mm. 7045, 7102, 7103. Port San Pio Quinto. November 11, 1908. Length 135 to 262 mm. 19816. Port San Vincente. November 18, 1908. Length 53 mm. 15151. Port Uson, west of Pinas Island. December 17, 1908. Length 150 mm. 7323. Pucot River, Mariveles. January 29, 1909. Length 82 mm. 7059 [448]. Romblon Harbor. March 25, 1908. Length 135 mm. Lemon yellow above, pearl gray to white below; from first dorsal spine through eye to below chin dark bar nearly wide as eye, pale orange brown above, seal brown, below eye and black on throat, margined with bluish. Posteriorly white line on head. From below fourth to sixth spines to pectoral base umber bar broader than eye, narrowly margined bluish and obscure dusky line out- side. Front portion of back, nape and sides of head with small bluish spots. Front of head crossed by 8 narrow bluish bars, another on premaxillary. Lips dusky. Obscure yellowish stripe under fleshy base of pectoral, orange above- Dorsal lemon yellow, dusky on spinous part. Anal dusky. Caudal lemon yellow with dusky. Paired fins dusky. 14784, 15399, 15633. Sablayan, Mindoro. December 12-13, 1908. Length 138 to 193 mm. 10921. San Miguel Harbor. April 21, 1908. Length 145 mm. 9125. San Roque, Leyte. July 29, 1909. Length 258 mm. 5773, 5774. Sianga Bay. December 12, 1908. Length 200 to 240 mm. 4890. Siasi Island, Masbate. February 17, 1908. Length 240 mm. 6603. Simalue Sibi Sibi Island. September 23, 1909. Length 100 mm. 5028. South Tumindao Island. February 26, 1908. Length 156 mm. 8399. Surigao, Mindanao. May 8, 1908. Length 30 mm. 15605, 15607. Taganak Island. January 7, 1909. Length 168 to 180 mm. 15606. Taganak Island. August 10, 1909. Length 168 mm. 7368, Tara Island. December 15, 1908. Length 203 mm. 4932, 4933, 4953. Tataan, Tawi Tawi Group. February 20, 1908. Length 198 to 217 mm. Middle of side light reddish-brown, above with lemon yellow over dark olive on back, and lower surfaces shading to drab. From below fourth to sixth dorsal spines dull reddish sepia bar extends obliquely forward, narrowing across front of pectoral base and bordered by dull purplish slate lines. Similar area on nuchal region, crossing eye and ending as band behind chin, limited by narrow slaty blue line from base of third dorsal spine. Back below spinous dorsal with numerous small slate-blue spots, sometimes fused as lines. Series of narrow slaty bars across top of head and snout and 2 similar stripes under eye divide brown stripe into 3 equal parts. Yellow ground of cheek and opercle shows as reticulating lines; 2 or 3 yellow lines from pectoral base toward chin. [ris dark brown. Dorsal dusky lemon yellow, color con- tinued on upper half of caudal peduncle and includes also caudal fin. Anal membranes drab, spines and rays tinged bluish. Pectoral dusky, base pink. Ventral whitish, spines drab. 6440. Tilig, Lubang. July 14, 1908. Length 260 mm. 7677. Ulugan Bay, at island north of Oyster Inlet. December 28, 1908. Thir- teen examples. Length 70 to 200 mm. 7702. Ulugan Bay. December 29, 1908. Length 275 mm. Brown ocular and humeral bars. Blue bars across top of head. Blue spots on side of head and anterior portion of back. 18736. 18737. Varadero Bay. July 23, 1908. Length 30 to 167 mm. 6428 to 6430. West coast of Palaui Island. November 18,1908 Length 180 to 210 mm. 332 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 6988. West coast of Sabtan Island. November 8, 1908. Length 245 mm. A1510. Birabirahan, Borneo. December 31, 1909. Length 215 mm. A1365. Basa Island, Gulf of Boni, Celebes. December 17,1909. Two examples. Length 185 to 190 mm. Show very little of vertical bars. Larger with about 6 behind lower portion of shoulder and few obscure waves on middle of lower sides, obscure in smaller examples with entire back and side behind ocular bar spotted with blue, also blue ocular bar crossing cheek more or less broken. A1386, 13384, 20803. Labuandata Bay, Gulf of Boni, Celebes. December 18, 1909. Length 148 to 210 mm. 17913, 17914, 18111. Tana Keke Island, Celebes. December 21,1909. Length 120 to 158 mm. A1346, A1347. Great Tobea Island. December 14, 1909. Three examples. Length 186 to 223 mm. 13581, 14415. Talisse Island. November 9, 1909. Length 75 to 160 mm. A1406. Tampotana Island. December 21, 1909. Length 220 mm. 12896 to 12898 [2138 to 2140], 13210 to 13215 [2141], 14339. Tobea Island. December 14, 1909. In some throat with blue bars mark lower level of orbit, then break into spots to level of pectoral and above. Only spots behind eighth dorsal spine. All with some spots on opercle. 8410. Hokuho, Soo Wan, Formosa. January 29,1910. Length 104 mm. 55956 U.S.N.M. Bacon, Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries [3233]. Length 193 mm. 56310 U.S.N.M. Iloilo. G.A.Lung. Twoexamples. Length 93 to 101 mm. §8052 U.S.N.M. Zamboanga. Dr. E. A. Mearns. August 21,1906. Two exam- ples. Length 212 to 250 mm. 72701 U.S.N.M. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Length 190 mm. 72702 U.S.N.M. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Length 120 mm. 72703 U.S.N.M. Java. Bryant and Palmer. Length 186 mm. SIGANUS VULPINUS (Schlegel) Amphacanthus vulpinus SCHLEGEL, Bijdr. Dierk., vol. 1, 1852, p. 38. East Indies.—ScHLEGEL and Mixurr, Verh. Nat. Ges. Nederland. Zool., 1839-44, p. 12 (Moluccas, Celebes).—BLEEKER, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indié, vol. 3, 1852, p. 286 (Ternate); vol. 4, 1853, p. 182 (Ternate); vol. 5, 1853, p. 154 (Macassar); vol. 16, 1858, p. 29 (Amboina); Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerland., vol. 1, No. 8, 1856, p. 4 (Manado); vol. 1, No. 5, 1856, p. 75 (Amboina); vol. 2, No. 7, 1857, p. 5 (Amboina); vol. 3, No. 4, 1857-58, p. 3 (Manado).—WEBER, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 330 (Gisser). Teuthis vulpina GintHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 324 (Cele- bes); Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 2-8, Heft 5-6, 1874, p. 91 (Hast Indies, Solomons, Pelew Islands).—Mbe yer, An. Soc. Espafiola, Hist. Nat. Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 22 (Manado and Macassar, Celebes).—ELERA, Cat. Fauna Filipin., vol. 1, 1895, p. 531 (Luzon, Batangas, Manila, Nusugbu). Siganus vulpinus FowuLer and Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, 1922, p. 59 (Zamboanga). Teuthis tubulosa Gray, Cat. Fish. Gronow, vol. 2, 1854, p. 142. Indian Ocean. Lo unimaculatus EVERMANN and SEALE, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), p. 98, fig. 19. Bacon, Philippines. Depth 2% to 2%; head 3 to 32g, width 214 to 234. Snout1% to 214 in head; eye 3 to 3%, 126 to 2% in snout, 11% in interorbital, greater than interorbital in young; teeth about 30 in each jaw; maxillary 4 to 5 in head; interorbital 314 to 34, broadly and slightly FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE AND ADJACENT SEAS 333 convex; preorbital, preopercle limb, opercle and scapular arch rather finely striate. Guill rakers 4+17, short, flexible, spinescent, cuneate points. Scales very small, ovoid, cycloid, 90 to 140 circuli. Cheek more or less completely covered with small scales to preopercle ridge. D. XIII, 10, 1 or 11,1, fifth spine 134 to 14% in head, fourth ray 134 to 134; A. VII, 9,1 or 10, 1, third spine 14% to 1%, third ray 184 to 144; caudal little emarginate or lunate, 114 to 124; least depth of caudal peduncle 414 to 5; pectoral 114 to 1%; ventral 12s to 1%. Brown generally, becoming much paler posteriorly and on vertical fins, which quite light. Front of head including upper surface of muzzle and chin up to eye dusky brown, also all of thorax and gill opening; latter pale in very young. Cheek quite white or silvered, very finely dotted deep brown, also upper front of back in old exam- ples. Paired fins brown. Cheek, lower half of head and shoulder girdle uniformly pale in young. East Indies, Philippines. Owing to its constricted thorax and produced muzzle this species has been made the type of a distinct genus, Lo. It is not otherwise, however, structurally different from the various species included in Siganus. Lo unimaculatus has been proposed by Evermann and Seale also as a distinct species, though we consider it a synonym of the present, probably a sexual variation. Its distinctive character is the large dark blotch on the lateral line below the front of the soft dorsal or last dorsal spines. This blotch is very variable, even on the same individual, as it may be large on one side of the body and small on the other. When large it may be twice or more size of eye. Sometimes it may be present on one side of the body and absent from the other side. In some cases it is conspicuously smaller than the eye. We list our materials according to the presence or absence of the black blotch. 1. Examples with black lateral blotch below last dorsal spines and front of soft dorsal: 332, 15404 to 15406. Atulayan Island. June 18,1909. Length 197 to 212 mm. 12247, 12248, 19148. Batan Island. June 5,1909. Length 180 to 190 mm. 15619. Casogoran, Malhon Island. July 27,1909. Length 153 mm. 12838. Cebu market. April 6, 1908. Length 180-mm. 8827, 8828. Maculabo Island. June 13,1909. Length 225 to 230 mm. 15518, 15519. Palag Bay, Luzon. June 16,1909. Length 180 to 200 mm. 15521, 15522. Pandanon Island. March 24, 1909. Length 208 to 215 mm. 14357, 14358. Paron Point, Albay Gulf, Luzon. June 21, 1909. Length 188 to 190 mm. Two examples. Philippines. Length 180 to 182 mm. 5896. Polloc, Mindanao. May 23, 1908. Length 216 mm. 5758, 5759. Point Capunuypugan, Mindanao. May 10, 1908. Length 210 to 218 mm. 334 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 5082. Pujada, Mindanao. May 15, 1908. Length 193 mm. 9242, 12591, 15647. Rapurapu Island. June 22,1909. Length 125 to 205 mm. 2. Examples without black blotch on back: 16065. Alimango Bay, Burias Island. March 5, 1909. Length 188 mm. 9796. Caxisigan Island, off Balabac. January 2, 1909. Length 137 mm. 9252. Endeavor Strait. December 22, 1908. Length 223 mm. 21535. Endeavor Strait. December 23, 1908. Length 117 mm. 5020. Lagoon South Tumindao. February 26,1908. Length 205mm. Dusky cadmium, tront part of body, breast and head mainly black. Paler median stripe through top of head from front of dorsal, washed with yellow. From upper preopercle edge across head below, including region between breast and chin, olive gray peppered with small brownish spots. From shoulder down- ward behind pectoral and ventral paler, becoming silvery to gray below, breast and region in front black. Iris dark. Dorsal body color, exposed edge of spines bluish. Soft verticals dusky. Anal like dorsal. Pectoral dusky, upper edge black. Ventral with first spine and ray blackish, inner spine and rays with yellowish terminally. 6154, 6155. Mansalay, Mindanao. June 4, 1908. Length 195 to 208 mm. 14345. Matnog Bay. March 31, 1909. Length 205 mm. 8354. Murcielagos Bay, Mindanao. August 21, 1909. Length 190 mm. 8210, 15856, 15857. Pagapas Bay, Luzon. February 20, 1909. Length 185 to 200 mm. 14650. Parang, Mindanao. May 23, 1908. Length 188 mm. 14356. Paron Point, Albay Gulf, Luzon. June 21, 1909. Length 190 mm. 5897. Polloc, Mindanao. May 22, 1908. Length 205 mm. 7379, 14710. Port Caltom. December 15, 1908. Length 164 to 207 mm. 6375. Port Jamelo. July 13, 1908. Length 230 mm. 15475, 15476. Port Matalvi, Luzon. November 23, 1908. Length 210 to 214 mm. 15152. Port Uson, west of Pinas Island. December 17, 1908. Length 204 mm. 8252, 8253. Reefs of southern lagoon. February 26, 1908. Length 140 to 163 mm. 14310, 14311. Tara Island. December 14, 1908. Length 150 to 178 mm. 7655, 16384. Ulugan Bay. Channel mouth of inlet. December 28, 1908. Length 200 to 240 mm. 9724. Kayoa Island. November 29, 1909. Length 167 mm. 14944. Talisse Island. November 9, 1909. Length 115 mm, 22859, 22884. Togian Bay, Togian Island. November 19, 1909. Length 90 to 118 mm. 14741. Limbe Strait, Celebes. November 10, 1909. Length 190 mm. 21361. Limbe Strait. November 11, 1909. Length 120 mm. A1509. Birabirahan Island, Borneo. December 31, 1909. Length 210 mm. 21492 to 21494, 22685, 22686, 22817. Gane Road, Gillolo Island. December 1. 1909. Length 60 to 110 mm. 14682. Tidore Island, south of Ternate. November 24, 1909. Length 192 mm. A1069. Tidore Island. November 25, 1909. Two examples. Length 189 to 200 mm. 84230 U.S.N.M. Zamboanga. Dr. Fred Baker. Four examples. Length 193 to 230 mm. INDEX {The page numbers of the principal entries are set in heavy-faced type. Asterisk indicates page on which illustration is given] Page - Page abhortani, Amphacanthus__....--...------- 293 sl PACAnLHUnUS TSUN Meni s> sss eee eee 237 Whactodonme pa-0 cette Seen eee nao soe 102 Tutt atis eas es anette es TEE SOS 215, 248 Aeanthinionjorbicularis: 5. ------2---=----=- 21 @ilarpurus)ivelifer==2222=— == sa eee 256 PACRHUNOCAIIS ean oeees oso e nee tomes oa 287 ManthuTus sees ae ee 262 AtcanthoehetogOnese- 22.22 -s-25so-ee ee ean 157 Nepabus ees oe se oe ees eee 205 annul aniseeeste ke kee ee ee 191 | hind om Wes ys eel Oe eee 250 ETEN DOR ACO Toe see le nee ees wee See 189 NTMeral Shee eee ae ae ee Eee 231 NEPIG Ole DIS ae oe ee ee ee eee 184 hnypseloplenussee=se an sae ee 256 TIRCO DETIGTISIS ee eae Nene ees ne ern 188 | iTIGIPie Shoes ee eee ante EN 272, 273 SOUT CIRCUIALUS Soe a ee eee 185 Kkabercte ewe aS eS eee 246 Stil ushe ee eee een ee 186 | KO Glibzite sis See 22s be Oe LS 217 FACAniNOQMOMUS == ee ee ee oem 12 leucocheiluse = t= 222562 eee 225 GECCNLOUS Gs eet ee ee see 13 leucosternOn ie esas aoe ee eee 243 bod daeniiseeee eee eens ee eas 169 lineatus 42 soe as ae Es See eS 217 acanthops:elolacanthus=o 22-252 290 ee nee 183 lineolatus 2222 22-0 a ee es 228, 229 Atcanthuremmcroissant.-- 2 82) ae ete 231 lituraius ee es ee aE 278 elepanite cies ee oe eee 255 marcingsus- see eee ee eee 214, 272 PATCANILBUTUS 2 ee se ee ee re ene 207 MaristanuIMe 2.2 ae ee eee 256 BUCHOS Mee eee oe ere ee ts 247 TXT EAE Aa ee I Se ae Se ed Re 220 SANT ENN ete Ee rat Lea pear ee an eee oe 246 | MALAGH sok Wee eS es en 213 a tiVGliSM ee ee ee ee ee cee 259 TMA OLE ES ae ee ee as ae Cr 211, 237 SMUT Sees See ne eee eee 212 MelANUTU SH ay Lee eee 212 AUTEM AGUS 1 eee ee ease eee nae 272 melase i essh see Sse ee ee tes 212 SINQZOTILE US See ee eee ee ete ee ee 207, 222 Mefoprosophroness ese eee 280 ATTN Gaetan ergata Bis ee tempera en niece 232 IMUNG OLEMSIS = ee ee ee eee 213 SALEEM IS Sete oe neo nan a 243 Ni genie oa ees see 237 AL AINeNLALUSeeee eee = Seen weee a Soon 228 NIgrIcans OliVACCUS=-—2--- = s—-=—=- eee 231 PUTCOLMEALUS weet, ee ne ee ee 220 NigroluUscUSHa4 + ssee ooo eee ee 237 FLOPS TEE Ao coe eee oN RR ene ee eee nr LP 218 MCT OAUSCUSma sneer eee ee ee 237 arlene see Ne eos aera eee ew 222 TUE TOLIS See eee ae eee 213 DiPUNEetAatus see aoa e ees 212 TET OSH eee Sa ee oS 213 MplocKenia o Vee ee See, 220 Nummifer= ses sts 2 ee eee a 222 EDT Tae es se 246 GIIVaCeUS 22 222 2eeee Se ee ee 231 MD LOCH Heat oe at ee ee 212, 247, 256 Pentazonsss=2--2-- ae ee eee ee 250 CALITIAL US ee es 216 PHU TP PUN US eee ee a eee ee 215 iGelebi GUS sasce= soe ae ee ee ee ete se ae 243, 244 DYTOfeRUSS== see eae sane 232, 233 chrysosoma__-_-- ee AS ser SRE 214 TASC a ee eee 237 CLONOGO Ns eee ee eS 201 BhOMDCUSE eee eee eee eee 259 (Ctenodon)istrigosus2s. 2-2 ss2-c ease 201 (Rhombotides) bleekeri----.------------- 220 deliSianice= pe one ee ee ees 243 ale ee a ee eee 234 GGHSIAMUS Sse soe ee ee eS 243 TU PT OMIS CUS pees a oe eee 237 delissianus - - - - - Bp ED GRO TE 243 Sonale tis Sos eee 216 ES|AN GUM ose oe ene eee ee aoe 255 TOStLAtUS shee eee 255, 262 4-023- — o eeoe 250 SARIN GCS ease a sae ae nee eee eer 234 SUIS ee a re ee ree ee 256, 257 PEIN AGUS ete sa Seo ree ee 258 fennantll oo) 22- ese san ee eee 233 DIAVICODATCIUS 2 sae oe eae 246 tennemti- 2.2 = 2225" ee ee 232 POTATIICTISIS oo see tee ee ee ae 259 teuthise- 2-526 seco oe eee a eee hoe 205 SramMopulUse ss22ss2 42 ee ee 225 theuthis-.aets 22s en 205 336 INDEX Page Page ‘AcantnvrdsstriOSbeeUss-c- se ee eee 249 | Amphacanthus guttatus__..-...-...__-... 288, 313 triostegus var. polyzona_-.-.-.--------.. 250 Var Olam oo es eee eee 307 Var.iSand vicersis-t =. 5. =) =e woe 251 Symnoparelussos. 222 502s oe eee 323 CUD OL OSUS eae ee ae en eee 274, 280 hexagonatuss-- 22 eet ee ee 312 NG TAGS se ee ee ee oe -219 JAVANUSs 32s ook A! ee ee 291 UINICOPNIS s = sksoe se Sa ne 264 JENS 2 soni ee ey ee ee ne 291 Velifan stn t ean tote hae ae ae erie ve EE 255, 256 COS to as ee epee a 297 VUAP Oe eee tee ee er mee PR oe 256 lsbyrinthodesso2 sae ee eee 299 Witte busi 220282 oo ea Me aS 7 ae eee 259 Linegi1is 2a kbs eee oe eee 319 Wittatussy se a eee eee 218 hari dws soo os a Se ee ees 319 an tho pterus = 2a 26 ak ee ee 212 MAaCuUlOSUS ==. ea St ee ee oe ees 323 Man hurs t= \ ee ct een eee ee 262 margcaritifer-2- ===. see ae oe 312 ODT see eat ee eee 250 marraritiferds 22 - ee ee 297, 312 NonntnUS al. = os ee en ae 255 marmoratuses 22). 2 eee 320 nipricanussete 4a, Vue Ae a 234 mplanospiluss2-.<- eel = Sr eS a es 313, 314 achilles, Acanthurus:2 9 === nae 247 mertensii-...---..----------------------- 306 Biepatas 0 6). is ou. gues 247, 248 nebulosus. . - ---------------------------- 323 TaUthis. ook oS eee ey ages 248 TLOLOSULCCUS! = eee ee 314 NGPenUCUS: oo 2 oe ee ae 207 muchalis\t; o> 42. >. Ae eee ae 314 sey pins tt cece eee ae 266 oCUIaris.=* 5- ic eo oat Se ee 325 armonbersscct) eels td as otis | ata 229 olivaceouS!-2.22: 2-2-3 oe 323 COninpets = 3 8o5. 22 8 ae 266 OU ATI To a anon 307 TineOlatUs <2 —-seee et ee 222 puellus....-------.---------------.------ 325 Moelanurus. vn Oe 212 punctatus. 62223 soe ee eee 312, 314 acuminatus, Chaetodon-----.----_---------- 154 rostratus -..--.-----_--------.~---=------ 310 Chetodone: 222 See insite ios: 154 TuSSeli «= << = 2 oe 292 TOT GCS ke ee ants A nL 154 SCANO!GES ase oe ae See 321 adiergastos, Chaetodon..._.-._--_- Zire 83, 99, 100 sigan. --.---.---------------------------- 328 aegyptius, Acronurus__..-.____________--_--- 266 siganus--_-----_--------~---------------- 323 aequipinnis, Caesiosoma..-.----.------------ Stellatus ee oe 314 Scorpisves: ee wk. 2 eee 758 sutor..-------.-----------------,-------- 305 aetate-varians, Scatophagus-._._._-_______.- 40 tetrazona ~~ ----------------------------- 324 africana, Drepane punctata var____________-- 28 tumifrons____-------.-----.-------------- 311 agans, Zebrasoma-. 2) 22-_2.o ee, 259 vermicularis__.---.---.------------------ 300 Mponor: Sabet we ues Liam kane VerMmiculatos \eyesses-e See e ee eee 299- modestiis.... 2. 0. = eee i ee 7,8 virgatus wn nn nn ens aee 327 albipunctatus, Platax......2-.--2 2.222: 22 Vullpinus. -<-4---~- <= - 7 anno ns -- 288, 332 albopunctatus, Amphacanthus--__._______-_- 297° || “Am phiscars =~ 22225 ete ee 288- Siganusescccse- oe ae ee eee 297 || -anagou,*Platax= Sete ee ee 19 Renthiswss senses = eee 297, 308;(010; 324, || ‘(Angelichphys- 9 == 222525. en ee 157 aligia; Acanthurs!=s.25- 2) 2 ee 246 ||| sanginosus, KMeris: +2. 2) 2 oe a ee 263, 265. MReuthis 2225 ee eS 246 (Priodon 3.2 = =e ee a ee 265 alternans, Holacanthus:.-~.__._ 2-3-5 2 $85 |aneiosus sNaseus. 222) ees oe ee 265, 266 altivelis; -Aicanthurts 2: --2 52 eee. 259’ || ‘“Anisochsetodon =. -== 2. == 2 eee 5¢ Chactodon sh. 22s ee eee 60 | annularis, Acanthochaetodon____________---- 191 Coradion =. 2-8. 2c ie 49 Acanthurusss25-25<2 .2 2s eee 212 “Am bl ytoxotes 33. 2-25 2 a 2 eee, 30 Chaetodon 22°22 === 25s a. eee 191 ambolnensis, Aeris. 2 =e ee 266, 268 @hetodon\.3- 5... 322 =-=ee2= eee 191 IN(ONSOUS2 322 ose ee esos eee ae 266 olacanthus? 222-22) ee ee 157, 19 Priodoness-! eee. 35 eee aes 266 Priodons.2.2 28 ee 272 Aim phacanthtis sks a 2. 42 Pee ees 288 Prionodon sess. .= 2. < eee 272 AH horbaLle vosa tes SA tea ne SO 393 | annulatus, Acanthurus_--________________--- 272 albopunctatus: 24 =-=:-=----2s) ee 297 DIN SNS mee 271 argenteus:. 22 Me 2222 see be 319 Naso. .-.-------------------------------- 271* SUTATHACTIS od mu wees bee Boo eae eT 297 Prigdone sac se2 2 sees an eee 263, 271 canalicnistus< 206225. se we IE 311 |, Antigoniass.=-- = = Se2 + eee 3 Chrysospilog=2 =o) 5222 2) tee a 313 CEaDYr0Sis.2-s220. ee eee 3 Chrysospiluss*2+ 94.2 == ee ss sb es sae 1 314 608-453 He ee 6 COncatenatus 2 sa) 222 sae Se Ss ae 293 foWletlsoo28 S22 -6- +2 eS 4 eorallinuss se 2 ee she eee {Aaa 301 malayansieu esas eee eee oJ 4 cyanotaenia: 22° =~ -2 1-242 sf Ree 325 Mmulleriec 34 eee 4 Colidtus s==*<2s.22*¥2 82. =23we oe 324 rhomboides: =... eee 4 Gorsalisz< eee 4 frmamentum ss). 2 tes f0ote el eee 313 rubicunda-3=>.) = See 4 fuscescenss s=2 5252.4 ee 4 guamensis2: «2 <2. o22.2 22.2 ete 321 || aphrodite, Chaetodon. =2----=— 2 54 INDEX Page Page PAD OSUASIS a2 secon cere anes sant: Eee 200 | austriacus, Chaetodon trifasciatus subsp---__ 67 aquilinus, Hepatus-s---s-ssssa2-0e ee eee 214 Vata 66 arabica, Chaetodon trifasciatus var... .-_---- 67 Citharodeust2223 ne - =n ene eee 66 Sneuauus-7 olacanthuse-sse tees oo eee 765) | PAset rae tas ee oe ee ae 263 IPomacanthuseocs ass see se ee oes eee 185 thynnoides ss 24620 = soe ee eee OSs 280 argentatus, Chaetodon-.-.-..----------------- 129 Ved art 52. 252 ooo Lee ei eee ee 250 arcentea; Leuthis=-2< 55 2c 2s5 oe oe ae SIOh Dara ve A Cant HUTS a ee eee eee eens 218 argenteus, Acanthopodus--..____-.---------- 137) bariene, Acanthurus-222 52 psessees ee 222 ‘Acanthurus =. scare che bocce ee 207, 222 HCD ACS See ease nsec a a eee 222, 241 PAGE ONUPUIS Ase eas se a os te 292) baronessa; Chactodones!2=-22-2-=— =.= seee as 136 PRIM HACATIGNUSH ses sae se Coa saa aa eoenense 319 triangulum/subspssese=--=---o2e a 137 Chaetodons=— =. =- 22S a ee 12, 13 Gonochaetodon= ==. 25- = aa eee 137 IMONOGACLYIUSs= sess ea ae aa TA DACA VARI US a ele GeKes ee eee Oe eres 19, 21 TSC GUUS Ses Sse oe 13) | Abataviensis;Platax==-222222 202: eee 19 SI ganUSEe mae aa sees ons a 319 | bella-maris, Chaetodon---------------------- 97 Mouthish sae. so 52s seo ne ee 222) | bellicosus;;Chaetodon= -2-2—:425-2252-* 2 es 106 ATLUS WC ACOUOXUS-sos2255 552525252 4ssu eee 36) ||bellulus;(Chactodon= ==> 2-35 eee 85 C@hestodonh = sssssnss2seeee seas eee 34,35 |) bellus} \@haetodonas = ===: 2a) a eee 67 = Chetodonass-2----=- aera eet 2 UR 35 | benhalatute, Hypsinotus-----.-------------- 4 Dh p DUS ee ss ee ee eee 36>) sbennetti; Chactodon=2s2-5--- =e 73 Scatophagus as steele 35, 37*, 40 frohmlik! See eee to ee 83 armiper: A canthurus a. oso2 sss 25242 eee 232 @oradion i222 23222225 ae ee 73 arvbriticus,.Chactodon=—-----2--s-oses oe a 19 Tetragonoptrus (Rhabdophorus)- ------- 74 IBA axe eens a tae ey I 19) |) bennettii,\Chaetodon: 2-222. - eee 73 Squuser sel olacanthussossese- =a aaa aoe 177 | biaculeatus, Monoceros.---- Sfeeth lie bien AN ss 263, 265 astur, © hactod0nssss=2s2-5-5-=25 2 eee 177. | bicolor; Chetodon=2-23=22—-42-52-5 e- sees 172 @hetodon 223222 sse2 hese ee ee 177 Chacetodon 2: 2225-2222 Sse ee 172 OLA Canthusss26 oe ie le co ee 177 Holacanthuss3 Poh seer Sos 172 Romacenthus stearate 177. || bifascialis, Chactodon= 2622-24224: 22 = 255222 53, 136 AS DISUDUS!52 22252 oo 222 25 SRO NL 2 2 207 Miegaprotodon=sses esas eee eee eas 139 CarolinarUmiss- 222 s-see sonst Sle ee aia 274 |, bifasciatus, Chactodon=—=-=- =2--=--- = 226 4- 155 @leranssssise oases 268,279 | biocellatus, Chaetodon._-..----------------- 96 MIT COPNIS == 2 ss EE ee 264 | bipunctatus, Acanthurus-------------------- 212 SQRars= shore one Ese ast se 207, 216 Hepatuseces=2522- 2 ees ee 230 assarius;|Chaetodons-s--sseane eee eee eee ee 125 Teuthis sie os 25 vos ee Re 212 Sterrimus yA canthurus=-s--- 22s ee 243) bishopi, Holacanthtiss22esos- ose" = ea 188 Hepatusios. estes soe soe eR 243 Moeuthissosesece oan ee 214 atramentatus, Acanthurus___.._.-_---_------ 228 | bispinosus, Holacanthus-_---------- 170, 181, 182, 183 IHepatysta oss. 82 oss eae ee 228) |niblackburni,,.c hastodonee=sss-=—-—- = re 80 MeuthissS-se— S50) Ss es 230) |) ‘blackburnil) Chaetodon=~-=--2--2=---_ Se 80 atrabus. ©hactodone+s2----ss5-—22< ee ee 191 ibleekeri:sAcanthunuss=+-=—2e52—s" =a ee 220 sirimentatus;) Peuthis*=25_ 25222222. seo 228 (Rhombotides) 2322-2 sees 220 atromaculatus, Chaetodon_---..------------- 36 FLO Dabs se eee See ee se ee ees 220 Atromatoidea layardi-=22.~2.- 22-2 = -=+2- 222 13 [Rauri chthys2+-=2 see ae ee eee ee 147 NGYpIChthySsens soca so sec es aie ee See 110 | blochieA canthurs sess ce sae eee 246 SUrISAblse te sme slows SLE SE 1)" ||; blochit;“Acanthurus! 222-2225 222 =e 212, 247, 256 ACY DOSOMS 42 ssce no esse aa Sos eee 10 Platax0se.c See he a ee 23 PUPNC Yi = on ee es 10 | boddaerti, Acanthopodus.------------------- 169 BAN ViPS Sates ee cn ne Se a Se 11 Chacetodon®=cesta32 eee 169 Sirigatusss-- ioc 22s ee ee 11} |\tboersii ae ee ar sacar wie 237 Parrettizo Sto ee eee A es ee 85 Nigropunctatuse= eo ee ees 110 POTMANUS 22 2s ee eo 96 DUD POD ee eae ee ee ee ee ee 82 (Gonochaetodon) triangulum_----------- 136 Notophthalmpssets eee eee 91 manthenin sess e Swe Se eae 85 TUTAGS eer me oe eee ee ee ee 197 PUuttAtISSIMUS:2 20. 3 o--- Soe ees 88, 127 ODSCUUIS See ee eee 110 PUttAtUS sews oe ee ee a 49, 298, 313 Ocellatisseess oe ee eta Se eee 51, 84, 97, 111 od janes oe es see eee eae 136 ocellicgudasss 22222 eta 109 howensis!= 22222522 cee ee 81 ocellicaudus)= 2" 2208 eet 109 iMperatorsso=2 2. =) s2- helo ecSseshat 189 ocellifers=: 252 awe setae Fete esas 82 Rarrateses) toe ee ee lace oe es cae neest 137 ocellipinnish 2} 22 - ese aes ee 145, 146 Klein tess owe eke oe ee eens 113 Octofasciat ss ae. sea eres 93 eine as sees ae ae oes ao ee eee 113 OctolineatUsename es set on eae 94 Kl nn gin gerisaose 2 oe ee ee 67 oligacanthus esse tee eee ee 52 Mablatus es. a sae oe eee Se ae 49 Olivia CeOUS Sees See ee eee 266. JARVAtUS! i= ee sod Sees ek Le eee 137 ornbicularis= 2 -=2- 2 =. oe eee 21 Wal KAnrale.stesee ste eee eee ee 137 OT DIS Soe Bee ss ee re Oe EE eS 25. MOA Ghee oe ee ee ee 140 OMMatissiMUS Senet oases 61, 63* leschits-o sna eat Lo ee eee 140 Vale Kau pices. = foe see eo es ewe ene eee 64 leucopleuracs: 22 Sao. so eee tae 81 ormatus: 2.22.32 2S n3 See se ee 63, 64 IBUCOPY GUS ase See eS ee 81 OV AIIS) 252 Sus ee ee a eee 67 TINCALTS essa eee eee na on ee 217 oxy.cephalus= one a2 oa a aes 132 lineolatus=<-25= oes ee 54, 130, 132, 133, 135 Papek: 5 a2" Sows aS eRe Sk ee ee 67, 71 MIpUTa TUS 222" se ee enone 263 parallelusic esis o8 Se. SSL ee ia eee i 105 HONGiMANUS sos ee eee ee er 28 pelewensiso.2 3%. 225 -- Sc au ees Ne 96 1ONSIFOSERIS ssa ee oe ee 45 Pentacant huss eae e ke eh se ee 22 NU CUUILOSUS 228 eee ne ee ae 80 Dictuses oe ee See ene 121 NUMATIS os ees se a ae 117 PINT AHS a a a ON aE es 18 FOTIA US: sere omen con nee een e 131 Diva tals te say M5 A See ee ee 36 eras es a eS 96, 100, 105, 106, 130 PlEWSIMS Pe Ie EN a Es ee sega 77, 78 Vaso A AD ee eS ae eee eee ie ae 96 plebejus#222 ss ea es 78 MACTOLGDIGC OLUS2 2 ass See eee 146, 154 polylepis#2 a2 2 os 2a ee eee aa 142 TTR CULAEUIS Seeman sere Cee ee caer: RG ae 88 practextatus: >=. 22s eee 105 MACULICO PSS See esa EE AR 77 Drinceps a=. ee ae eee 125 TRAC TELOSUS Hee ne eae EI BET 177 principalise eS ae a ee eee 71 MANTEL Peres see Re Fo ie Gees 85 puNnctatofasciats=s222 922 2s a 89 MAnPINALUShes sone se Sass SSM ee 102 punctato-lasciatus- e225 =. awe 67 TNATIO Yih s oes aie ahd Sr os en 92 punctato-lineatus22-- === eae 89 (Megaprotodon) strigangulus_-___-_-._--- 139 DUDCtatUss tee oe ae 26, 27, 86. mielann Otus:=- 52 Selle tesa 2 Ses tea 101 PUNCtUSs FUSS ee ee 85 MelAnOMYyStax a= eer es Ss 113 quadrimaculatus= == 2555225. 5-5- 2 eee 88 mMelanopomas== 225 23 Saesieeigs 62 ae 112 raflesi es ces oe ee eee 50, 125 melanoptenUistass ses Ae Fe ee 70 Rates Sse a ee ee eee 125 MEAN OPUS sees Seo eS See 51 Tai fond iss a eee 93 MOEIGNOtUS22 see ee Sa apie Fs te 101, 102 TOINWALGti 2s 2> =) 2 a ae 101 melapterus=—o- ---. 2s. See see ee, 67, 70 TOSINUSE = saa a a Ses: te eee 178, 191 IMElASTOMIUS = oma ses wae Se 113 TOUCH At LIS eee ee a ee 106 TMONCONSIS = cece ees Se ei Been Le 127 rostratuss 2. ee 32 e2s2 2 eee 42 TMIGLLODSII ee a soe eae ee an eee 127 Sebdete lis s a5 soso ser esl. e ae 125 IMESOLEUCOS 22 See =~ eso. Sasa ee 136 Sebanus® 2) == -.2582225225- 2 -etee eee 117 MECSOICUCUSE She se ee de 136, 191 Selene: ie) ss222 8 eles ee ee ee 108 TTIGSOMN CaS aaron ee OS es 191 Semelone. 22-226 eS noes 2 soe eee 78, 79 SNIOV CDs seer Aes Se Sen oS 53, 60, 61,* 62* semilarvatus® 220 2222s es See 130 IMICTOIO DIS aes ee ae ee oe oS ee lh 186 Setifen=.-2< 22228 Se See aay 70, 116 ATU IA TIS Sees New a eee re 85, 88 SCLOSUIS Se = Ae eh oes Seles Seb el eee ea 19 TAGS hese es ene SO An eh i Bes 83 Sexfasclatus’ sos 222202 ee es ee 145, 146 THI OCES EIS ete eh ea arse 84 SOAS MN ee py SS eee eee 207, 216 ATL ULIS SAY G1 etree sees recat Spray & 71 SODAaT Sse SS RL a aya 216 ANT GICINC GUISE soe eet ae ee kee aes 89 SDECLOSUSE ee etre ee eae rear ed eee vas 121 TIDY CLENY ZATIS ee ee Sse REL eh eae ea 155 SPOCU] Ue ee ae ee ae ele ee nar 75 TICSOP AMICUS Soy re ao Jah he Baby yar 117 Sphenospilus=ss23e—e see seo e eee 111, 112 MACODANIGUSISH see wee nee eee 188 Spilopleura =a ae= Su se eee eee eee 76 DI OTICANS Seo lew ype 211, 233, 234, 246 SUC] AGE ase Ee a i Se eer LA 248. 340 INDEX Page Page @haetodon, stellatus =--.----—_ See? ne 248: | Ghelmo, rostratus-+.--------- - eee 42 Striatos: 22 2-255 os eee 40, 53 trochilus:..2---2--.5-- ee eee 45 Strigangulice- oe ee 139 UEUNCATUS 2 cee ees ee Pe eee 45 strigangulus te 139 Ohelmon«~:::4-¢22ee i se ete 42 strigatus. <<. o.oo edie 148, 144 1G 1oebee tev pee catn 0s aie oe be 46 superbus.---- 1-2 === a 106 lorigirostris: i= <22.4 == 46 tachete...------------------------------- 88 marginalis...{0/ia2esi2: Jaotemesis 43, 44 tallii---.-------------------------------- 131 mulled: +25 2222-22. cee ee ee 43 TAUPO anna 66 rostratus:=+-<--22-4+--- 42, 44, 45 teira..----------------------------------- 17,18 | Cheltionope:. 2 46 terla_..-.-.------------------------------ trochilus...- 2-08-22 45 ae eae ao eee = orebites bist. tt S047) ee 45 conoptrus) mMmaculatuS..._.________ ee eae Chetodon:acuminatus----------=--s-=-=--=== 154 nigripinnis =" 2-25 22. EE 83 x : @NNUIATIS2 2055-6 25-32 ees Ss 191 nigropunctatusa222.--2-22Seeeese aes 110 35 trifascintus.s- 42. -. > eee 66 SE era a ence as ao ao ae ; asfar2S22ecesets st ssi See ae sees 177 townleyi. - =...2225-5—-. so 52 re ang trianpularis <2 cc tee sc 53, 139 af “ San ee ae ms triangle 22 8 54, 136, 139 TOMNOE (So 2cnsss—2 23a oa ae GanesCens*: <3 224.282 <22 2225) eee 196 subsps baronessa-- =. — eee ee eae 137 2 5 Collaris®: 2222) 225 os ea eee ee 104 trichrouS= .=css260252.22---< 2 eee 84 ae COMMUGUS 22> =-22 = 8 ee ee ee 197 tricinctus:320 Sasa ee 92 2 Gaakarsai2s2) 82: $322 nee ee eee 19 tricolofes = oa acs tee ae eee 156 3 ; oe fasciatus -222 2852252428 et osakat ee ee 169 trifasciglis-2223 ce ee oe re 139 5 ‘ a imperator s 222222522 s2s22sce 2-625 -e eee 189 trifasciatuss:. sete ce eee ee eee. 65 z : linestuss 2! oes 25<025 20s 2 oe ee ee 217 War. arabicaes2coc2) S52 wee eee 67 E ; : longirostris fos 2222-22=2 s222 See 46 subsp: austriacus.- --- 2. ee 67 . : macrolepidotus- 22222252225 eee eee 154 War..austriacus =. — -----— 9 eee 66 : : MiesaletlCos 2s 222 £2 Sass e - Se e ee ees 136 subsp. caudifasciatus--.......------- 67 3 : r orbicularigz2s 2. 3224 222 eee a ee 21 triostegusssto-csecec< Hcceete cece ees 249 3 OT bis = 2220 aoe a ee 25 THUNCAGUS ss a sen eet cc cate eee 45 : : TOStrabtuS: 22s22 225325054524 2224S 42 WlH6tenSiS: oc cose wens nt cece SS 134 : E UMICOMMIS << 225222585 5222222525 =22es— eee 264 Var confluens22su2-s--ssee-co eee 134 . 5 . Unimschlatus:cs.2-.sscasaseen ee cea lll uinicormis. 2. cect ose coe eee 263, 264 aapadas 121 unifasciatusacoeeb oo tee 76, 105 e AN Pee ak unimaculatus.. sooo ae ae 53,119 | Choetodon (Tetragonoptrus) kleinii-.--.---- 113 sibsp, interrupbuss-o-2-- eee eee 111 nigropunctatus. --------------------- 110 wagnbandus:c.coca2c- cece SEE 120 XANGHUNUSE ooo se aes eee 127 vagabundus var. jordani__.--.----------- 121 | chrysocephalus, Chaetodontoplus------.---- 194 Vespertilios: =: -=25-22. Sore 22 Holacanthus...---.==-2-5-.----s5s ee 194 WIT CUHS aoe ene ee ee ee 74} chrysosoma,-Acanthurus_.-~-.--.--.-- 22428 214 ViLOSCODSaaesen ne so one oe ee es 113 Hepatus:-ccsose see pas lonbenngess 214 Wifidise== os een ee 105 | chrysospilos, Amphacanthus-----.----_----- 313 VIDS OSS foe e aoe ee eee 66 | chrysospilus, Amphacanthus..-.------------ 314 VOLbicosHss 22.222 bo eee ee 191 | chrysostoma, Heniochus_....-....----------- 151 wicbelits s ais CRS) 1p raacanvhus, Chaetodons-se-s- =) =-- eee eee 169 coerulescens, Holacanthus...--.-....2._-2--- 177 (Ht olacanthuss=2—-—- 2.5252 2-22 ae 169, 170*, 184 coeruleus, Holacanthus®==22.022 2a. = ras 185 | dimidiatus, Chaetodontoplus_-_---.---_--__-- 195 Keoisns Chatarcus eo 22 s5 oe oe ee ee Se a 33 HHolacanthus Soest se ena eee ee 195 collare) Chaetodonss:222s=- 2s... 82 ae 104 te Diphrentess- 2 <-e: 2s Seas See 146 Collaris;) Chaetodon==s2- 0 ==. 25.222 53, 104, 106 mMacrolepidOLuseos== aso = eee eee 155 Githaroeduss2ser= ss hake SE. eS 105, 106 | diphreutes, Henijochus...........-..----=---- 155 MetrarouoDiLUst a ees ee 105))|' Dtrema;wviolaceas<—= 2-222 -- 9) 3-4 e ee 9 (@hdetodontops) seas== sao ee 105 WIQIACCUS s2s2- S525 see te enon an conte ee 7 KE GIOCO DUS sees ae Ee ES Se Se PES hyde ee 205) tmalxoni-1© hactodonss—-2- ea a- eee aes 127 JampGunises tone 22h Nake eS Ss 205) ldizoster; |Chaetodon= =.= s2—2-5ssee-ee e 134 Commersoun, Psettus 22-225 Sea 13\>}) Doidyxodon=- 2-22 soso Soc ccwe nas ares 10 concatenatus, Amphacanthus.....__-_--_-_- 293 australis!s 24 2s ose eee es 10, 11 Sigantishea tessa es Sen he ele 2930297413010) || (doliata, Reuthissas-— = 5 eee oe 324, 329 Ment hist = 2224 = a2 = Sees a 293) doliatus;,Amphacanthuse-~ ----ss--e eae 324 confluens, Chaetodon ulietensis var_....._-- 134 Siganuses 22s 2e5 5 ee ek 324, 329 consoprinus. Sigantss: == 5-22 ae S2oNo2AD | Golosus;.© haetodone-- === sea nee ees 84 conspicillatus, Chaetodontoplus--.-.__..--__- 1947 || doreensis) Acanthurus==-22e.s5 eee = ean ee 213 Holacanthus S22 5222622 522s eee 194 HI@DAtUS= 2252-555 =- Sai 22 - owes Se 213 (Chaetodontoplus) -...-.------------ 194 | dorsalis, Amphacanthus_._._...--..-.-..___- 307 EOTACION Hs a nae eb res See U See T as Ala 48 Chactodonasass- 322 soe ne 102 BILIV ELIS sans eee s se Jo ak ates nee 49 Neuthis: oo. 5 <2 Se cee Se Se 308 DONNeb ties see a= oe Se Lae 73 | dorsiocellatus, Chaetodon-----.....-.-..-_- 97 CHrySOZONUS Saas sts sa ea net eee 4951125) )|( Mouwing formose:=2---—- == ee 18 Gesmiotes! 2s: 5 = os ses ee ee 228, 230 cyanotis, Holacanthus--.-...--.-.-.---------- 172))| enceladus, (Chaetodon=2- =. 22-- --2o 43 @yphomy ctor 52 sane oe eas SUR IS NOT Silt) PIXOS Ree Sah Ae ke eee ee oe 6 @uakar Chetogone sss saa) 22 sees 19 | enneacanthus, Chaetodon--_-....-...-___-___ ag Guedalmiasa© hactod oma sas= = sass se. n= 82), | COS) 7A NL iponinysssse se ee = € aahlin@haetod on s2.22 22222222 amare ete 110)) || (ecoume;iNasoz == 2s 272, 273, 275, 2779 darwiniensis, Holacanthus___---------------- 104 PriOnUTUS 2-5: ne ee at ee 275 daya; @ haetodon 22222225 22a 2225 52l Ee 110):| eparai,-Acantburusssssos- sees eee 23) decipiens: @haetodons=so22 222228 a2o2— eee 82") phippidae=s- =i. sss se ee ee 24 decoratus); Chactodon! 223222202255 = ee 78.0|) CDHippinm.. Chactod ones) oe ee 53, 76 decussatus, Chaetodon-~--222--- 222-2222 2- 121 Rabdophonus! 22222 o sess ease 7k delisiani. Acanthurus®-s22o22 282-5) 20ers 243 Tetragonoptrus (Rabdophorus) --_.______ 7 Gelisignus,. -Acanthunus)c. 2252222 a ete. Se 243; elo DID DUS sara eee ne oe ee ee 25 delissiants eA cant buns ss: 2 22s o= Stee ee 243 OLQUS Se ~ eae owe eee 36 Mesiardinil,-Aicant hurus Vs 22eee =e eee 256 MOAN OPUSseee eae oe ene 26 91469—29—23 342 INDEX Page Page Ephippus, multifasciatus ---.---------------- 40 * sampret, Pitan cree 2 ee rs 19 O0DiS 2+ == --===2 === == === 5 ssnae= === == 25 | garnoti, Chaetodon-------------------------- 71 terla_...----------------------------=---- 28 | garretti, Chaetodon_.-...-------------------- 85 tetracanthus: == -===s<2----=.2264--0-—- ae 40 NM OnOCOLOS =<. oe eens eee 279 Witeirgss 9-222 o2= oe neo Eee eee 53 | gemmatum, Zebrasoma---------------------- 258 taumayi_----.--------------------------- 140 | gemmatus, Acanthurus-_--------------------- 258 triangularis__..-------------------------- {39\'|| G@unicanthus:) 2. see - see soe e ase eae 156 Etroplus, formosus -------------------------- 287 Hamaxcklin es ree eee 161 excelsa, Loa--------------------------- 146, 149,150 | genimarginatus, Naso_----------------------- 282 falcatus, Chaetodon- ------------------------ 28 | geometricus, Holacanthus- ------------------ 188 falciformis, Monodactylus ------------------- 12,13 | georgianus, Scorpis-------------------------- 7,9 Psettuss eae = ete eee een 13 | germanus, Chaetodon----------------------- 96 falcipinnis, Psettus -------------------------- 13 | gibbosus, Teuthis_.-.---------------------- 302, 303 falcula, Chaetodon-------------------------- 134 | glaucopareius, Acanthurus------------------- 246 Pomacentrus.-..--------==-----------=---- 134 ar DUTES o2ee oo eee enna 246 Tetragonoptrus (Oxychaetodon) --------- 134 EIB At IS ee ae eee 246 fallax, Chaetodon---------------------------- 4), Gaaathocentrms s- se eee eae eee 196 fasciatus, Chaetodon ---------------- 97, 99, 130, 169 centrognathum _-..---------------------- 196 Chetodon- - -----------------=---=-=----- 169 | gnophodes, Harpurus----- ce nee eee 220, 221, 222 Harpurus - ----.--=------------=-4==----~ 25) Gonochaetodon--_-__-------------------------- 54 Scatophagus_-_-.------------------------- 40 baronesSa...--=2---=-enees--=—nse =e 137 Tetragonopirus (Chaetodontops) ------- 97, 130 triangulum_.-_---------------------------- 136 festivus, Chaetodon------------------------- 51 | Gonopterus--------------------------------- 196 filamentosus, Pomacentrus ------------------ 117 MOCLBIIS (602 2 eee ees 197 firmamentum, Amphacanthus_-------------- 313 MOLODS 8) <0 2 ee nee 196 fisher, Holacanthus------------------------ 157,183 | goramensis, Acanthurus--------------------- 259 flava, Teuthis---.------------------------- 319,320 | grammoptilus, Acanthurus------------------ 225 flavescens, Acanthurus ---------------------- 258 Hepatus..----------------------------- 225, 241 Ghactodonc-os22=244-22s--s2---25 = =~ 113 Tpit iS eee oe ee ee ee ee 225 Zebrasoma.-.-----------=-----=--------- 258, 262 | guamensis, Amphacanthus- ----------------- 321 flavirostris, Chaetodon_--------------------- 83 | guntheri, Acanthurus-- --------------------- 237 flavissimus, Forcipiger - -- - --------------- 46, 47, 48 Chaetodon--_-------------------------=- 85. Holacanthus. ------------------- eo 172 Hepatus.....---------------------------- 212 flavoguttatus, Acanthurus------------------- 217 | gurneyi, Atyposoma------------------------- 10 Hepatus:---=<-+---2-=+=-=====-="-==-=-<~ 217 | guttatissimus, Chaetodon------------------ 88, 127 flavo-niger Holacanthus --------------------- 60 | guttatus, Acanthurus-_-_-------------------- 215, 248 flavus, Chaetodon---_------------------------ 103 Amphacanthus------------------------ 288, 313 Worcipiger.=.-2=----2=-=++-==--=2-=2=--"---"- 45 Ghactodone.—)- === ---=—--—- == —— 49, 298, 313 flavissimusee:]- 248 SIDATUS See == sae eee rae 314 inermiS-_-----------------------------7-" 312 (Pouthis=<-2 220s =e 2 =2=- a= 315 lineatuS_ ----------------=-----=------+-= 217 fuscus, Acanthurus ------------------------ 2438, 244 lituratus__-.----------------------------- 278 Naseus fronticornis - --------------------- 263 nigricans ------------------------------ 234, 246 Plata xen et see eee an eee ee ana 19 paroticus----------------------=--------= 231 Siganus 285 =2-"<-=-=====---—==—— o-oo 288, 302 rhombeuwsS- - ----------------------------- 259 gahhm, Acanthurus- ------------------------ 934 | Helotosoma-------------------------------7- ll gahm, Acanthurus-_-------------------------- 234 ServuS...--------------=-------------="-=" ll (Rhombotides) ---------------------- 234 | Hemichaetodon----------------------------- 53 Chaetodon-----------------------------" 213 | Hemiochus varius--------------------------- 147 gahmoides, Acanthurus--.------------------- 934 | Hemitaurichthys-------------------------- 142, 143 22 polylepis.---------------------------="-= 142 gaimardi, Platax__--------------------------- INDEX 343 Page Page Hemitaurichthys, thompsoni......---------- 143° |) hexacanthus; Priodon 22222222222 SS 280 ZOSLOR ae 2 2 ae a eee nee eer essere 142,143 | hexagonata, Siganus__.....-.-...------------ 313 PECNIOC OS 8 PA Oe 146 Teuthis!=-2— 222s ce ae ee eee 313 enioch us sere ee ee ee nee eee eee 146 | hexagonatus, Amphacanthus---_.___._.-_---- 312 ACUNMNATUS: «ae eee eee eee 154" | hiruado,Acanthurus 2222-222 = sae 250 CHTYSOSCOMR eee ee eee eens 151) hodjan,/Chaetodon==22222=1=s-s-eauoe eee 136 CULYSOSCOINMUS 92 = eee ee aoe 151° | hoedtii~Naseuss2-2-=-- == 2-222 5-55 eee 269 Giphreutes® 2.2 eee ee eee eee eee 155) | Holacanthus 22222-22225. =. cee eee 156, 157 drepanoides# ee eee eee hoa eee 151 acanthops: 2222522 h2222sstscises 2222 SS 183 ANLELINECIUS ee ee ee eee See 155 altermans®=2-=s22s=22 2-225 2k eee 185 MACKOLEPIC OLUSae setae ee eee eee 150, 154 Var, Meleagris 25223226252. es 186 MelAMISEION sat Hae wee ee eee eee eee 151 annularise=s corel sek Pesala Seb See 157, 191 INLONUCOLOS ee tee ee see eee erent eaeee 149 ATCUALUSS= 2-2 Hees ee ee ee ee 176 DELMUtatUSse sae asec eee eso ceoe ee 151 QTUSOE] = 2232 2c eit secs e ea 177 plewirotaniges= sc oi 622 e este ose 147 asfurss222.$ sess ssseec ates ee eee 177 SIUZWIANUS ee eeete ena an eet tan eto 152 bicolorss=2==2-5-52222th sesh eee ee 172 @@aurichthys)svarius*=2e--e- e e oe 147 bishopics2!22s225232-2222222 eee 188 VATIUS eee eee ae ee benh sane reel vio 147, 149 bispinosuse£-22==2522.2266- "55 170, 191, 182, 183 Pe patidaosees= a oes ae nee eee eens 199 caudovittatus >= =i 222) eee 162 hepatus pAcanthuruses.= ases- sees ee 205 (Chaetodontoplus) conspicillatus________ 194 Reve his ease == ee ae ee cee eee eee 205, 207 personifers +2523 ee eee 194 ETP DAU Sea nee eens eee ree eee 2, 205, 207, 253 Chrysocephalus ses sanes meee cee es 194 AChibiesweeeanansa= weenie teas see eee ae 247, 248 CDrYSUTUS 2s = 8232 Seo eee ee 169, 188 AQ UTINUS eee eee Sees se eee 214 coerulescenss=2222c2 sss 2 2eee see ee 177 StCLeMmUS= een essa aa =a o eae 243 Coeruleus 2= sss ss Ss se eee 185 abramentatusse:*sscs soca 22 ses 2s ese els 228 conspicillatusssss22sss— eee 194 PALION C= teas aN hr Naa eA eee eee ee 222, 241 CY ANOUIS Sees ee ns eae 172 Dleck eri Sst sees Nae eee ee 220 darwiniensists 22.92 =225 55 eee 194 DIPUNCtatUs= s- 2 o ee see ee eee 230 Giacanthus e322 see aes Lee 169, 170*, 181 COlODICUSE as as sa a ee a mers 214, 248 Gimidiatuss {2-2 = tes eee 195 Chr-ysosomaecs= Mee ccna eset 214 duboulayies se ee 194 MOLCONSIS Mts tana os eee eee area eee 213 XS ee ES Se EF IS eat 8 2 TLS Se 169 USSG ese e na as Sane eee 222, 246 PISMO IAS a ee A as oe ae Ce AS 157, 183 elonpat iste saa" soe ae nee 213, 228, 230 EL VASSUIL UES eee enn en 172 HavOrUitAtUS esses sees Coe nee tee ee 217 HAV O-Niger? foe see Ses ees MSE ee eee eeD 60 PONIPIMOSUS etre a = eee neo ae ec ces 211, 213 TOLStOTI oe ee es ee ee SER ees 169 PIAUCOPATCLUS S28 sco cae aa eee 246 “$Y SEOMELNICUS Se ee 188 BIAMMOPMUSS nosso sae ee ee 225, 241 haddajase ee eee 177 PUN NO ae see nr se eee ees 212 PDUs eis BAS ee Se NN ne 186 PTTGLALUSS See oan nee ee as Ra 248 IBTAtIUS to ee a eas 184 HEUCOPAblUS2= 22 sane tetas esa ot ea ee eee ee 214 LIN PEL bors es AE ee ee 61, 189, 191 HOUCOSTERNOM 22282 na ee nae 243, 245* NaMancCkes nnn s ae ee 156, 161, 162, 163 MINORS ee esos eee enone eae o sees 217, 218* DN An CKD sees eee en Oe Bie See Fees 161 NTHeOLATUS Sens eee ee eee 228, 253 JaMAnrckiih Anns spe kee Cast Oe eee 161 MACILICEDS eee Se ae a eee eae oe 240, 242* lépidolepis:-—-2 ee eee 184 MAT OINA CUS Sse eee ne ee en ee eee 214 leucopleuras 2 eee 174 TTA eee ae Pee a eee Seen ee 213 lineatuss—— ee 177 TES LOIG CS Stee ae ee neers ee eee 212, 246, 247 loriculus) = ee ee 179 INC OnEDSIS = see ee ee ee eee 213 Miteolusee sae en ee ee eee ~ 172 TRIO TICANS Mee et en eS ee 228, 230, 233 maculosust- 20s ee ee Se ese 17 MIT OLUSCUS Sa e ee e ee 228, 237, 241 TNATiaN Se ee en eee 189 TENA LS ES epee eae a a a en eee eee 2 mMelanosomas= <2 a os ee 195 TUES eee ee ee a ee 253, 254 melanosplus* (2222 ee eS 162 OLIV A CCUS He ere ere ee ee rer eee 231 mesolencos: 32 2 ee eee 136 Toba eeeee ese eay eere eer: 215* mesoleticuss-.22. 2 Se ee 191, 194 DV LOLS eee ete mente eae ee See WEN 232 Mokhellas esse eke ee ee ae oe 177 SA Gv CenSis werner ene Ne neenmeres = AC 251 MonophthalmuUuse=—s— eae eee 172 ROH atl Cpererecse Wee env cme inen A Se eee 216, 226 multifasciatus*=<22e2-e=2 eae eet 179 CHOMIpPSON ae eee ree ener nes 2 neers 213 Mupltispinise=—— ee ee ee eee 183 EHIOSE CLUS seme See te ene eee 248, 250, 252 Ta Varchus**2 2-42 s"2 92s k= = 2 ee 167 IN Dra a ee ee eee ns EA ee ee eee 245 NicOWALieNnSiS* se== s=se=e wee ees 186*, 188 NCUA LUIS eee ee re Ba ROR aS Re RS 219 var Semicirculatus= soos sas 185 ODO Liam eee oe Ree eee eee © Re cea ne 237 TlOX oa eee SE aes een eae eee reer 175 ATLHODtCKUS === e eae ee ane ean 222, 225 OCUIaTI Ste 22 sare Sara ae aie soe ee 172 Hexacanthis | NaseUS= ss seee sean ae aaeaee a= 280 DOCCII TIS Ae See ea ea fod Soe eee 184 IN GSO dede pata ee eS a 270, 281* Dotteri less ve neeseese* See ae 182, 183 344 INDEX Page Page Holacanthus, pseudannularis_----------.---- 191 | Kopsii, Amphacanthus_._.-........=-.-===..-. 297 rhomboidess.o. ee ea ee eee cee 187 SIGANUSS22 eee es eet eee ee eee eae 297 TOnIN: =~. .--ofs=ieeese eee eee ee 193 Weuthisescss sss tos oe ee ee ee 297 Semicirctlaris:=_2222esiee- ape osees ean 1850] plabiatis.: © hastogoueasa: sees eee ees 49 Semicirculatus.=-2--=-+2)-- eee 185;:186*. |: Labrus; ejaculator- 2222.5. 225 eee 30 septentrionalis. =. 2: =: =-+----seses-8 157, 191, 193 | labyrinthodes, Amphacanthus_.__.._-_-___-- 299 Sexstriatus (S-4...525252 520 8 eee 177 Biganus 22.2.2 23555 ee eee 299 SOMerVilliis 3252. 2255 b= es ee 183 Teuthis..2825- 42 4253 ees 299 pphynxes ns 26 Se ee ee 172%|' Taaephichthys: = 222s) 2 2 5 eee 255, 262 strigtus co. 832522 se see saeae eee 186 | lamarck, Holacanthus.-.-..._..-_. 156, 161, 162, 163 tenigabs 222+ ot ea ee 173° | lamareki:(Holacanthus=-2.2-=-45-22=)) 161 bibicen a eS ee Se eee 156,174 | lamarckii, Genicanthus...................... 161 tricolorsesce eee ee 173 Holacanthus! 3222-52 s<25 Soe eee 161 trimaculatus..-.2<2sas224s20eeeeeee tase 166 |. lambdurus, Colocopus...:---<2.<-2.-5---i..- 205 WIOU Ki Se i boa eee ee 164 Paracanthurisacs as eee ses on a ee 205 BVT OLEkha S224 Se) Lee ee eee 164))| dasyatus;-Chactodon!s2. 22220055. eee alse xanthometopons2assesce see e ee eee 163 (Anisochaetodon) = 2.0 2s2e 5-25 ee oe 137 Kantharus# 2-292. 2302s ee 169 Osteochromis<279-4 22.5.2 ee 54, 82 howensis; Chaetodons=-2----+2---=- 81 | lJayardi, ‘Stromatoideas-.--2-- 2-22 es ee 12, 13 humeralis;“A canthurus------ 2s 31 at Neachi; Chastodon sec. s- 22ers 140 hypselopterum, Zebrasoma---...----_----- 256°257-5| “leachti,.C haetodon=.25-.--- <2 sees eee 140 hypselopterus, Acanthurus--..-----.----.--- 256 Meégaprotodon: 2.32 =2.s0ee 2 eee ae 140 Biypsinotuss220 2 = (2-2 ose ee 3. 4.| Wepidoehactodon® . =<. 22. ssccee- ee eee 53 benhalatute #2... 3. 3 SSeS 4 | lepidolepis, Acanthochaetodon__.......---___ 184 Piubescens! sj -J224_s Ass sao eee ees 3,4 Holacanthus:tos252 2222 sse- ose ee eee 184 ibunus; Holacanthusis 022 2-2: eae 186 || eptotichthys=22to22 2222222 ee eee 7 ignatius; Holacanthus2 so: -2c2265 sss oe ee 194)| deschenaldi “Platax= 8. ee eee 19 Tlarehése 3258s es a ae ee ees on 1) Neschenanulti, blatex.o-- --25- =-22: 222-2 eee 291 Holacanthus=.. 2 22 at ceeee 177 Javus, Amphacanthus..2--- ose eee 291 Mhombotides:=-.2-= 20 28225 2eesee eee 217 PiSAnUS 2s 2 a Se 291 DIiPANUS ace see Me eae 294, 296, 319, 320 sRonthisse aos see 2 ee ee 288, 291 | lineolatus, Acanthurus- ------------------- 228, 229 Theltis jose oo Se ee 291 PA CTONUTUS: 5-92 32-5 >> ees seco see ee 222 jordani, Chaetodon vagabundus var-__---___- 121 Chaeetodon= =-2-2---- =e 54, 130, 132, 133, 135 kaber,A.canthurus 22 2/.2252-222252 seneceeeene 246 (Anisochaetodon) -...------.-------- 131 karraf,Chaetodon 3: -225-4-sc-2scseeeeeeee 137 Hepatus. oa) As ee ee 228, 253 (Anisochaetodon) triangulum var____.__-. 137 Sconpis =. 22226 on eee eee 8 larvatis) vars sa-e kc ee eee 137 Tetragonoptrus (Oxychaetodon) --....- 131, 132 kaupi, Chaetodon ornatissimus var_--....__- 64°), Toinophors. 22 issn ae ees 53 JRQNIS/ eh I a eS tee 963) |) lithophilus; Scorpis:-=220_-~—-e22-eeeeee 8 emboinensis. 22 = -< 2. 2-ssssee eee 266 | Jituratus,-Acanthurus- ~~ ..-222-2=2- 23-2 178 @NPINGSUS #52 oo se a eee 263, 265 C@haetodon ». . -2225 2222S ase eae ene 263 Ketlitzi,..A:canthunus22-< 20> 20-e 217 LAT DUTOS 2s 2 eo 278 lem: sGhaetedon: =). 4435- seen 113 INASOUS: = 5222-6 eee eee 278 Tetraronoputus <2 5-2 < se-cecc eee 113 (Aspisurus)< .).2-2-c-0-25- 7 opener 279 (Lepidoehaetodon))...-.---.=---.--.. 113 INSS0 32 33 22 eee ee 278, 279 kleinii,Chacstodon--.=- «= ee 413 ||, Doses ee eee eS 262, 288, 333 Choetodon (Tetragonoptrus).-.....____. 113 LTH INACUL AGUS S=t see a 332, 333 klunzingeri, Chaetodon=....--=---- =... 528 Ba | en ae ee 146 knerii, Chaetodon collare var..-------------- 105 OXCRISA 2.2 ore ceo eee 146, 149, 150 345 INDEX " Page Page Nol @helmone< 22-285 sae eee ee ae, 463) "mata, Hepatus 225-2524 eosn eee soe e ee 213 TONgTCOLNIS SI NASCUS sete see hee a ee A 266 Mouthis==--2.4-5-5 Lo sisdsiso eee 220, 222 Honcimana- sb repanees ss == 26 ee 28 | matoides, Acanthurus-_..---....-.-.------ 211, 237 punctata var., Drepane._._.-_---------- 28 Hepatus 22: -22 -22s2 see eee 212, 246, 247 HongiIManuss © haetodons=a----s=nee=— eee 28 Rhombotidess=422--ss2-2522sc2. 55 211 rarnochirtis = 22s ness sauce Naser ee 28 Pouthiss: see: 2s cease eee ee 228, 230 fongirostris, Chaetodon_--...-....----------. Aja} ) Modialunas=- 2-22--2-2-226scas5 see lame 6 Chelmo saan ace = sac he onan ees 464|"Meraprotodon®=~=-=-=-s=-==+ss-2-2-22oee ee 53 @helmron=23 =e ee i oe eae eee 46 bifaseialiis: 25-2029 ak ee eee 139 @hetodon=2-2=s=5= =e ence 46 leachii 0-6 =o eee ee SE 140 Morcipigenee=se ose = e- ce rae 45, 46, 47* maculiceps 5- ===2¢22s25-<2s522-5 255 2 77 iPropnathodess=s==—<" = sas sese ee eteee 46 strigangulus>--. ones eee ee eee eae 51, 139 Nopezis Nasomeas eee en enn eee a a 282 trifascialisac - 3-3 sss ecw aS 139 Rorentzi,LOxOLeS asa =s52 526 oa s- ees eee $3) melanistion; Heniochus:-=--=----------+----s4~ 151 Honiculuswrlolacanthwsis==s2— 2 -eeaas ae eee 179 | melannotus, Chaetodon--------------------- 101 AOULTAVaTlOla Assesses eet Aen een Set 195 | melanomystax, Chaetodon------------.----- 113 fuctulosus; Chactodonss-s2-=--==2sse-s=-5-— 80 | melanopoma, Chaetodon---.-.-------------- 112 finan Ory ptosmiliaz==sce=-e- ana ee ae See 26,28 | melanopterus, Chaetodon----.-------------- 70 homariss@haetod ons -- =a -5= eee ee 117° | melanopus, Chaetodon::.---.----=-22-2-22-— 51 lunavasn© hactodon= 2222 225-2 ase eee 131 @oradion: --2--2822 See See SS 51, 140 junula, Chaetodon------------- 96, 100, 105, 106, 130 Ephippus=2-2:-2222222225- eee eee 26 Pomacentrus os 2ee ee a ee eee 96 | melanosoma, Chaetodontoplus- ----- peed DEG 195 funulatus;Chacetodon]= 22-222" 525 96 ‘Holacanthus--22.55 2232222 2S 2s sae 195 duTnidHs eAcmphacantDUss= os aa==— ae aaa 319 Platax: 224 22. =2- 225222525 5532ss2esb He 19 Sigantise=e=-=e nese. eer ee ee 319 | melanospilus, Amphacanthus------------- 313, 314 PRett his =a s= soae ese ee ones ee eee 319 Holacanthus= + 222-2252 et soe s2 2 Bases 162 HiteolussHolacanthuse== 2ss2s21 se 172) |>smelanotus, Chactodons--2----=-4----=—s-—= 101, 102 macrolepidotus, Chaetodon_-_------------- 146, 154 Tetragonoptrus (Chaetodontops) -------- 102 @betodon= 2:2 22n22= ss ae ate ee ee see 15451|'smelanurus'Acanthurus)—----s---ssssseeoee= 212 DIpbrellteseseee eso c ee ee ee a 155 AGrOnMrUS oes aak ee sce ek se ee eta seeeceee 212 Heniochusea=-¢-e ee eee eee 150, 154 | melapterus, Chaetodon-----..--------------- 67, 70 Matinichth ysis = esaeeensan eee ween es 155g iemelas}eAcanthurusesessssee ae ee eens 212 macronotus, Scatophagus-_-_-----..---------- 36 | melastomus, Chaetodon--.------------------ 113 mactlatus.© haetod ones+----222-o-2-> sono ee 88 | meleagris, Holacanthus alternans var_.------ 186 (Ketragonoptrus)=2-22 22-22 seen 88)3|mertensi;;‘Chaetodoni2=-2.~----------esssese= 127 Sarpusies satu. (ee SN a base 36 Githaroed uss 22s Sot se eee eee 127 mactiliceps Chactodone. =" 222 — ee eee 77 Tetragonoptrus (Linophora) ------------ 127 CD AL IS taker cw 2s ee Se Sr ee See 240, 242* | mertensii, Amphacanthus-----.------------- 307 iINMferaprotodoness==o 222 ee sense eae a Ghaotodon tes) 2 rs ea ees 126 macuiosus, Amphacanthus---------.-------- 323 (Anisochaetodon)--<--=---==S-2s222- 127 @haetodonstco:+ tans cesta ae 177 | mesoleucos, Chaetodon-----.---------------- 136 olacanthusis2 = eu <= 2s 2 Se ee 177 Holacanthussés- ss 22-22 oe ost eee eee 136 madagaskariensis, Chaetodon chrysurus mesoleucus, Chaetodon._.----------------- 136, 191 SUDSD eee eae eee een Stee 127 (Anisochaetodon) ---- -------_-====—= 136 malaccensis, Toxotes jaculator--.----.------- 33 @haetodontops=-2--2-------— eee 191 malayana,-Antigonia= =----222s24552—22-2-— =. 4 iHolacanthus-2c¢ 2-22.02 2-225eeeee 191, 194 mantelliger; @haetodon__--=--2=-2+2--222-2-_ 85liemesomelas;\Chactodon]=------------— soe eee 191 margaritifer, Amphacanthus__-.-..-----.---- SIZ ivetaponichthyssoseeesae—-—==-=— aaron 3 Marcaritivera, LeuUthis-+=--=-.2---2o.-- = — 305, 312 | metoposophron, Callicanthus_-_.-..--- 280, 281, 282 MR UtISS 33 = Sasa eed ae 312 | metoprosophron, Acanthurus-_-_....--------- 280 margaritiferus, Amphacanthus-_----.------ 297,312 | meyeri, Chaetodon---_--------..---- 53, 60, 61*, 62* marginalis.\@helmo=a 22254552225 5-s esac 43 Citharoedus-3222---- -=-==- 22S eehee ae 60 @helmon 225s 20522522 a= 2 ees ee 43, 44 Tetragonoptrus (Citharoedus)-.-.------- 65 mareinatus; Acanthurusss-22=- =. =-2-2----< 21452720) Viicrocanthussees2se seo == eee =a 143, 140 @haptodons=224-22<- 22222 ee 102 Strlgatusee eee see eee eee 144* PI OPAtHS 42 =~ 22 = bee ee 8 te ee 214 | microlepidotus, Prionurus.---.-----.---.---- 287 INGSbUSHRes 225-2 et -=- Ee d 272 Taurichthys:----s=-==2--ss---4s4—e—2-s5=— 155 IN ASO eae ee este ana a stern a a Fas 272) \|smicrolepis}:@haetodon=+-- =. ------—--===- === 186 Pla tax aa Se ee Se Sa ek 19 Toxotes sss scse si castaceanonaae atte tees 33 marianus, Holacanthus:-.------.=----------- 189) /Smiliariss| Chactodonss—-=-.2es2-—=2-e2—noeae= 85, 88 maristarum, Acanthurus----.-_2.-...------- 256 Choetodon (Tetragonoptrus) --.-...----- 85 manlovig@haetodonsessacse seo ee enone 92 Tetragonoptrus (Tetragonoptrus) - ------ 85 marmorata, -Leuthis:-22 22542222 Cures sles 321 | mindorensis,. Acanthurus_--......02-2------2 213 marmoratus, Amphacanthus---------------- 320 epatuseok see so see Se 213 Siganusas 22s. feces 3s a Oe 321,/325,020 ||) mitratus; ©hactodon==----.---.--------=-5-— 83 mata-vAcCanthurus=2ss2s-s2-s5seneesacooees 2135220) 1) modesttis; A PenOr- = -.2--55-=-2-saesenee eee 7,8 346 INDEX : Page Page modestus;:Chaetodon: -22_-2---2 =n eee 84:1] sNasoigemimarginatus).- 32-2 oo ee 282 C@orsdion® 23252 ee eee 84 hexacan thse -se Wee eee 280, 281* mioerens; \Gonopterus 2222 22ss <2 <= Sa eee 283, 284* TALC = oe os Sue a le en eS ee ie eO0 thynnoides: 2-2-5 2 5 ee ee 285* bUDGrOSUB 2226s See eee Be 274 tripeltes____- ee yar hn ee eee eee 287 RIMICG NMI S 92 = as ere Sea een 265 UID ELOSUS k=. — es ee ee 273, 274* movoceros;Harpurus: 222-02 = 2 eee 266 EIMICOLNIS eg ees 264, 265*, 268, 270 FRenigchus= 2225 as. Se ee 149 Wilemin gat fee es ee 276 (Parichthys- =~ 23 2- - =e eee Le Se 149 WV OMIGI 2-32ec es oe ho SAE ee ee pele ee 282, 283* Monodactylidae-.2 =) 2 =s2 esa eee 12) 4|, @NSSONUS!2 See Lee 2 ee See eee 263 IMonodactylus:.. ---> 2-24. Rxaea eee 12'}| snavarchus, Holacanthus=22 02222252 2 ee 167 argenteus 22222 ua es 2 ee ad 14 jl aN eaty pus 22. -— = 28S eee eae re ll faleiformiss2 2. =< 22226 BAe aes 12, 13 Obliquus)} 222s 5. oes Ss See eee 11,12 Thom beus 2-520 3 eek a eee 14 }\\enebulosa,"Deuthis=- 2-2 ee ee 323 monophthalmus, Holacanthus_______.._____- 172 | nebulosus, Amphacanthus___...._..._-.___-- 323 montrouzien, Zanclus:—2.-- = so 0.2925 eee 197 Sitanuss 72440 5s. Se See eee 319, 323 miorens, GonoptenUss=-ac 2258 eit ee 196) i wNeochsetodons-2> 2232 eS ee ee ee 143 miller, -Antigonia. - = ou 2 ar ees 4 WAttAtUSS sho 2 Ace ane tee ee ee 144 Ghelmos 223-2653 A eee A344. \isNeptotichthys “violaceus: 2-22. see ee 9 Chelmon-<.3- =. 3-4 fa es 43. | nesogallicus, Chaetodon-.-.......-.-.-------- 117 multicinctus, Chaetodon: -.-.--- 2-422... =| 89 | nicobariensis, Acanthochaetodon_-_-_____-___- 188 multifasciatus, Ephippus_.........-----..-.- 40 Chaetodon. 222 322-2 523.2 .a8eaeee ee 188 Holacan hiss: $38 he.207) ees 179 Hiolacanthus=_ 53 s2=8s eee eee 186*, 188 Scatophagus:..- 22-2. seat 2 ee AQ! {| (niger, Atcanthunisss22 22-22) eee 237 mplsanti.iChactodon:..2--.-22-4- ease 7 a|nioricans, Chaetodone 2]. === 211, 233, 234, 246 multispinis, Holacanthus- 2255.0. a 183 iar plas! == aloe ek oes ee 234, 246 muy.cteryzans, Chastodon. = 22. Sees 155 epatuse 6223 22 ae ee ea 228, 230, 233 INASOUS = = 2/20) 52h Re Sa le A 263) nigricanus; Acant hurts! =es see cones 234 amboinensisesys2-280: see be a oe 266:,268'4| migripes, Chactodon: ==) _ 22825. eee eee 86 aNginosuss).- 2.2 22)2 ee ae 265, 266 | nigripinnatus, Chaetodon_--.--.------_------ 83 annulatuss. <= 25s a Sa ees 271 Wenignipinnis, Chachogona. = seo o== =a eee 83 (Aspisurus)\lituratusss =?) csces a 27 (Tetragonoptrus) = 2225 ae eee 83 VOMEGR2. = =o. uriltslen ce 9 ie 982 j| migrofuscus, Acanthurus-=—-—--==~-----2--== 237 ibrachyCentrons = = 228-2 i a ee eae 268 (hombotides) 222222 ee 237 Dre virostris sss. => | == Fee ee 268 Chaetodon=)..- 22.2 oe a ee 237 fronticormis:- 2. ="-- =. enh ee ee 265 Hie patus: 26 Sos see ae ees 228, 237, 241 TUSCNS 22082 2 ee eee Papin 263 TOUUNIS |S Le ek eee 212, 237 hexacan thus 222 2 =) 2 eset cere 280 }|| nigro-fuscus;} Searpidae. 225-2250 ree eee See 6 Scombers:. 2) ---=--- ee eee 12,14" Seorpisee2). Soha Sac a aeee ee 7 Fhomboidea, Antigonias..2222.2aenseeees a 4 aequipinnis?:=.2 te. > eee one 7,8 rhomboides, Holacanthus_.......-.-.-------- 187 hoops $3.42 22 Aon 35S ee eae 17 Rhombotides-s2cees a2 1 2 oss hee eee 207 gpoorgiantig’ dyes spa oo eee 7,9 Mneatyg cae ess oo ee ee eee 217 lincolatus--=23-20-22 -.. Ss eee 8 matoides. 2 sooo easd seo eee 211 lithophilus) 62.222 2 eee oe 8 tiiostegus_....... ge aconatwae Maeeeleeesew 250 Oblungus]a4 sie Sosa sa ae 9 INDEX 349 Page Page ‘Scorpis, richardsonii=——. — "ees eee Sul Siganus.estriolatgs=------ ooo one ee ee 322 WIOIACEUS as ans eo A eared 9 Sutopess 25 ee ek ees 305 ‘sebaeC@hactodon:- 22.22 oe eee 125 COLTA2 OUR ee ne sean a ne eae eae een 324 IPSetGUS ssa se ese et ae 12 PetraZOnUS 32 ooo ess = soe eee 321, 323, 324 sonanusn @NastOdOns--ss. == ee 117 bumifronss=9te-- = soso eee eee 311 Helene. @ haetodon's2-< = so a 108 wermicwiatusess==-s--==--s—ee= 294, 296, 299, 300 Tetragonoptrus (Chaetodontops) --__..-- 108 WirgabUStas=5 222-52 sse5ensencuree 325, 327, 328 womeion,, Chaetodon_-<---. +=) 2 2 4see es cee 78, 79 Vulpinus 22.252 --2<252:e25-s5-052- ates 332 Tetragonoptrus (Rabdophorus)----__---- 79 ZONICODS2 2 see soe es oe ee 325 semicircularis, Holacanthus__.......---_----- 18d SsingularinssHeniochus=.—-- ssa eee 152 ssemicularis, Acanthochaetodon_.------------ 185 ssohall-A\canthurus=-= 2-22 22a eee ee 216 Holacanthussese \os2 oe eo oe ey 185, 186 @Rhombotid.es) sea ==see eee 216 micopariensis, Var--~=..2-2-=s45.ee4- 185 Chastedon sss 5 2oaea oa ee 207, 216 semilarvatus, Chaetodon_.-.-...--..----..-. 130 FIO Dat USMS ee faa oe eee 216, 226 (Amisochaetodon)):*-2---<- 22sec aie 130) |"soharAspisurus==22-5.2-----s--s2s-soes—s 207, 216 ssemipunctatus, Chaetodon citrinellus var_... 86 @haetodon#<222-25 542 3s eee 216 semistrigatus, Scatophagus---__........------ 40: | somervillii, Holacanthus-_--_----._....-...... 183 septentrionalis, Holacanthus-______---- 1579191193) | Sparus fuscescens:2=-- 2 2-—- 5 -sss—5- == 314 SORES SEL GlOLOSOMAY = 222 - ees es eee 11 SDINUS! e532 See aes ee eee eee ees 320 Bpbifer, ©haetodon:<—<_--.--<--.-- eee 70.196), speciosus; Chaetodon=-—---=s222a. see 121 SUrIga Vanosene sesh a s-c 2 = sae oe Le Iie lspeculum,; ©Chaetodon=22=5-—-=--as—e— 75 Sevosus;; Chactodon-=-. 2-2-2282 es 19 @itharoedusis=2s22 22255925 ee eee 75 Rexasciatiuim, pVincwlame oo --san te nee 146 Tetragonoptrus (Rabdophorus) ------_- 75 Ssaxfasciatus, ©hastodon=- =~ 222s. see o = 145, 146 | sphenospilus, Chaetodon--.-...........-.- 111, 112 iiolacanthuss2-=_ 525-5 os ee es 177 Sphynx, Holacanthusio---2= se = eee aan 172 Winenlam tee a a ae A 146 | spilopleura, Chaetodon------...........--.-- 76 shortlandensis, Siganus.._.........---------- 300% |sSpinus, Siganus/: 2-—- see woe eee eee eee 320 SlOHOldi,~C aesiosoOMa.-.-. 24-52-2555 Cee sae 7 SpaniSssoe esas so saws eee eee 320 Sean Am phacantnus=.- tec) os eee 323%) | ESGUATOSUS S TOXOCGS 2222 =— <2 sas ease eee eee 30, 34 MOMENI site cee ee ee te 323 | steindachneri, Antigonia.-.................. 4 ivan ReULNIS= ==. o> eae ae eae es S23 n li stollata, Leuthisss=-. s esa een eee 314 iPass sane oe ee Sy ee eS ee 288 TEN OUtIS Baste eee ae ee ee eee ee 314 PS IPAMILES 2 a5. SoS a as ose us oot eee Wsalestellath, ©haetod ontonsa.. ee ee eee eee ee 248 IMAG pees ee te Ne ie eee 262, 288, 333 | stellatus, Amphacanthus----..__........_-.. 314 albopunctatuss=. 22 == --2= = 3 Sees 297 @haetodon® £22052. 5-235203 25 a eee 248 Siganus, -Ammphacanthus-=—- 2 - == asss5 eee 323 ScaruSkes: 2a6 es. Sects se ese eee 314 SCARUS Seana ee oa ae ee ee 288, 323 SiganusS2oo 225 sco a-sesen aces eee eee 314 Sivanusargventeuss2 =< = 2 aan wae ee ee ee 319 | striatus, Acanthochaetodon -..___......_-_-_- 186 aproOlunNeaL US Sees ee a ee 319, 320 Atcanthurus cen aac se eect eee eee 201, 218 Canalicnlaulises sea. ee eee 311, 312 @Whactodons2seseesse ess sane eee 40, 53 eapricornensis: {ecb 2e foe a eo ee 299 @tenochaetus 22-3223. -5 22225525. ee 201, 202 ConcCalenatus==.— 9 ena ee eee 293, 297, 301 Holacanthuses—-5.22- sos. oes see eee 186 = eee ee 102 marmorata.-23-=22-+25-2 3a Bees 321 Sdlene==2.2ss2 23-2 Le eS 108 Mata ss Assess chee ce tase 220, 222 (Citharoedus) meyeri...-.-----------.--- 60 matoid@s =: 2<==. <2: 2- -<222 k= ee 228, 230 ormatissimus:-2 <<2t-ee eee 64 néepulosasiat sae sa zee stk cee eee ee 323. clirinelluss 2444 et 86 MigrotuScuSes=: --seeee =e eek ee 212, 237 CoHariss=:2e2e2ct zen. cee eee eee ee 105 mipremacwlatus--2-=-=-- =e 297 (Gonochaetodon) triangulum_-_____---.- 136 notosticta-:.Acecea cae ee 310 Mertensis-— 224 a. Sses esses 127 Sigan. 022 3 2o.26-2 cee se5 Sse eee 323 Yaftlesice=<.222 4252 ee ee 125 sigana . 2.22.2 252522352625. 3 eee 323. Vagabundus=+=--.+--t5-222 ee eee 121 stellata... 22-2222 522s. = 25225 -.s eee 314 xanthurns-=-2¢ eo. eee 127 StTriatuS:2- 222.552 s222-- 2-522 2 eae 201 oligacanthus'=:2<:+-.-=-£ 222 52 striolata :...2sc2s2css2555-45--533 2 321 (Oxychaetodon) falcula-.-..-.----------- 134 StUderl-2-2-=52552ss8e52525-2525-25 ee ~ 302 lincolatus:= 2 131, 132 Sutorlé 8st 8 eo codecs Ses See 305 (Rabdophorus) bennetti_---------------- 74 tetfaz0ng.- 2 22s22sss22-55-225--5-5- 58 324 ephippium=s*se05sso- eee ane 71 LeUtHOpSIS:22essc2 See ence eee 302, 303 Somerton? 24s seen ces eee eee 79 triostegus =<. 22 2.-2 522522552552 250 Spectilumus)<. ie i ROY i ‘ if Tal Ta CD vie AY: Be a . ny Ta ok Ss as ; } 4) 3 h ‘ 4c) ; hans! AY if i 4 7 6 "WOMANI 3 9088 01421 1643