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PHARMACOPOEIA
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THE
PHARMACOPOEIA
OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
BY AUTHORITY OP THE
NATIONAL MEDICAL CONVENTION,
HELD AT
WASHINGTON, A. D. 1850.
PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO, & CO.
SUCCESSORS TO GRIGG, ELLIOT, & CO.
1851.
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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by
GEORGE B. WOOD, M.D.,
Chairman of the Committee of Revision and Publication,
In the Office of the Clerk of the District Court for the Eastern District of Penn- sylvania.
PHILADELPHIA :
T. K. AND P. a. COLLINS, PRINTERS.
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HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
The Medical Convention for revising the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, in pursuance of a resolution of the pre- ceding Convention of 1840, met at Washington on Monday the 6th of May 1850, the following delegates being present: — Joseph Mauran, M.D., from the Rhode Island Medical So- ciety; James Bryan, M. D., from the Geneva Medical Col- lege; Messrs. John Milhaij and Geo. D. Coggeshall from the College of Pharmacy of the city of New York; Lewis Condict, M.D., and Wm. A. Newell, M.D., from the Medi- cal Society of New Jersey; Joseph Carson, M.D., Henry Bond, M.D., and Francis West, M.D., from the College of Physicians of Philadelphia; Geo. B. Wood, M. D., and James B. Rogers, M.D., from the University of Pennsylvania; Franklin Bache, M.D., from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia; Henry S. Patterson, M.H., from the Medical Faculty of the Pennsylvania College; Clinton G. Stees, M. D., from the Medico-Chirurgical College of Phila- delphia; Messrs. Daniel B. Smith, Charles Ellis, and William Procter, Jr., from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy; Isaac Jump, M.D., and J. W. Thomson, M.D., from the Medical Society of Delaware; David Stewart, M. D., and Joshua Cohen, M.D., from the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland; J. C. Hall, M.D., and Harvey Lindsly, M.D., from the Medical Society of the
Y1
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
District of Columbia; Joshua Riley, M. D., Thomas Miller, M. D., and Edward Foreman, M.D., from the National Medical College of the District of Columbia; James Wynne, M. D., and S. D. G-ale, M.D., from the Medical Department of the National Institute, D. C.; F. Howard, M.D., from the Georgetown Medical College; and G. N. Fitch, M.D., from the Rush Medical College of Illinois. The credentials of delegates from the New Hampshire Medical Institution, the University of Buffalo, the Medical Department of Hamp- den-Sidney College, the Medical Society of South Carolina, the Medical College of Ohio, the Cincinnati College of Phar- macy, the Missouri Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, and the Medical Faculty of the University of Iowa, were presented by Dr. Wood, Vice-president of the Convention of 1840; but these delegates did not make their appearance during the session.
The Convention was organized by the appointment of George B. Wood, M. D., of Philadelphia, President ; Joseph Mauran, M. D., of Providence, R. I., and T. Y. Simons, M. D., of Charleston, S. C., Vice-Presidents; Harvey Lindsly, M.D., of Washington, D. C., Secretary; and Edward Fore- man, M.D., of Washington, D. C., Assistant Secretary.
With the view of giving the various medical interests of the country their due weight in the deliberations of the Con- vention, the Surgeon General of the Army, and the Chief of the Naval Bureau of Medicine and Surgery were invited to participate in the proceedings. An invitation to attend the meetings was also extended to all members of Congress who were at the same time medical graduates. Horace Green, M.D., having been nominated by a delegate of the Castleton
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
Vll
Medical College as his substitute, though without the requi- site credentials from the College, was invited to a seat in the Convention.
A report from the Committee for revising and publishing the Pharmacopoeia of 1840, referring to a statement of their proceedings published in the Historical Introduction of the Pharmacopoeia, and presenting their accounts, was laid before the Convention. The accounts were referred to an auditing Committee, who reported to the Convention that they had examined and found them correct.
The delegations from the several Medical and Pharmaceu- tical Bodies represented in the Convention, having been called on for contributions towards the amendment and revision of the Pharmacopoeia; communications were received from the Bhode Island Medical Society, the College of Pharmacy of the city of New York, the College of Physicians of Philadel- phia, the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland. These communications were referred to a Committee, with instructions to report a plan for the revision and publication of the Pharmacopoeia. The following report was presented by the Committee.
66 The Committee to whom were referred the several com- munications on the Pharmacopoeia, submitted to the Conven- tion from the Rhode Island Medical Society, the College of Pharmacy of the city of New York, the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, beg leave to recommend, that these communications, as well as all others relating to the revision and amendment of the Pharmacopoeia, that may be received from bodies authorized to send delegates
Till
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
to this Convention, be referred to a Committee of Revision and Publication, to meet in the city of Philadelphia as soon as practicable; and that this Committee be invested with power to fill its own vacancies, to publish the work after the completion of the revision, and to adopt all such measures as may be necessary to carry out the objects of the Convention. For these purposes the Committee propose the following reso- lutions:—
“1. That the Committee of Revision and Publication, to which all communications on the revision of the Pharmaco- poeia shall be referred, as above set forth, shall consist of nine members, three of whom shall form a quorum.
“2. That this Committee shall meet in the city of Phila- delphia, and be convened as soon as practicable by the Chair- man.
“ 3. That the said Committee shall be authorized to publish the work after its revision, and to take all other measures which may be deemed necessary to carry out the views and intentions of this Convention.
u4. That said Committee shall have power to fill its own vacancies.
“5. That the Committee, after the completion of their
i
labours, shall transmit a report of their proceedings to the Secretary, to be laid before the next Convention.
“ Before concluding the report, the Committee beg leave to state, that their attention has been called to the recommenda- tion of the College of Pharmacy of New York, that the Phar- macopoeia be published in the Latin as well as the English language. They think the subject worthy of the consideration of the Convention, and therefore refer the matter to their decision. All which is respectfully submitted.”
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
IX
The resolutions offered by the Committee were adopted; and the following delegates were appointed upon the Com- mittee of Revision and Publication; viz ., Franklin Baciie, M.D., Joseph Carson, M. D., and Professor William Proc- ter, of Philadelphia; Joseph Mauran, M.D., of Rhode Island; Mr. John Miliiau of New York; J. W. Thomson, M. D., of Delaware; David Stewart, M.D., of Baltimore; Joshua Riley, M.D., of the District of Columbia; and G. N. Fitcii, M. D., of Logansport, Indiana.
On motion it was resolved that the President of the Con- vention be added to the Committee of Revision and Publica- tion, and act as its Chairman.
A proposition was brought before the Convention, that the Committee of Revision and Publication be instructed to publish the Pharmacopoeia both in the Latin and English lan- guages ; but, after full discussion, it was negatived by a unani- mous vote.
The Convention next provided for assembling a Convention in the year 1860, for the future revision of the Pharmacopoeia, by adopting the resolutions of the Convention of 1840, with some modifications, as follows: — •
“1. The President of this Convention shall, on the first day of May, 1859, issue a notice, requesting the several in- corporated State Medical Societies, the incorporated Medical Colleges, the incorporated Colleges of Physicians and Sur- geons, and the incorporated Colleges of Pharmacy, through- out the United States, to elect a number of delegates, not exceeding three, to attend a general Convention, to be held at Washington on the first Wednesday in May, 1860.
u2» The several incorporated bodies, thus addressed, shall
X
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
also be requested by the President to submit the Pharmaco- poeia to a careful revision, and to transmit the result of their labours, through their delegates, or through any other chan- nel, to the next Convention.
“ 3. The several medical and pharmaceutical bodies shall be further requested to transmit to the President of this Conven- tion the names and residences of their respective delegates, as soon as they shall have been appointed, a list of whom shall be published, under his authority, for the information of the medical public, in the newspapers and medical journals, in the month of March, 1860.
“4. In the event of the death, resignation, or inability to act of the President of the Convention, these duties shall de- volve on the Vice-Presidents, in succession; and should the Vice-Presidents also be prevented from serving, upon the Secretary, or Assistant Secretary, the latter acting in the event of the inability of the former.”
Before adjourning, the Convention adopted resolutions, similar to those of the Convention of 1840, in relation to the mode of preserving the Records, as follows: — u First, That the Secretary take charge of and preserve the existing Re- cords until his successor shall be appointed by the Convention of 1860, when it shall be his duty to hand them over to such successor ; secondly , that in case of the death, resignation, or inability to act of the Secretary, his duties shall devolve upon the Assistant Secretary ; and thirdly , that it be recommended to future Conventions to appoint their Secretary and Assistant Secretary from delegates residing in the District of Columbia.”
After the adjournment of the Convention, Dr. Wm. B. Chapman, one of the delegates from the Cincinnati College
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
Xl
of Pharmacy, arriving in Washington, stated to the Secretary his concurrence; in the proceedings of the Convention.
In pursuance of the objects of their appointment, the Com- mittee of revision and publication met in Philadelphia on the 23d of May, 1850 ; — present, Dr. Mauran of Providence, R. I., Mr. Milhau of New York, Drs. Wood, Bache, and Car- son, and Professor Procter of Philadelphia, and Dr. Thomson of Wilmington, Delaware. The contributions towards the revision of the Pharmacopoeia received by the Convention were laid before the Committee, together with a communica- tion to the same effect from the Maryland College of Phar- macy, transmitted by Dr. David Stewart to the Secretary of the Convention after its adjournment. This communication was received, and placed on the same footing with the others.
The work of revision was commenced immediately, and was proceeded with at subsequent meetings, which were as frequent as the professional engagements of the members of the Com- mittee would permit. Every article of the Pharmacopoeia was examined with the most careful scrutiny, the suggestions contained in the several communications received from the different medical and pharmaceutical bodies were scrupulously considered, and when any point was deemed to be doubtful, recourse was had to experiment. All the new and modified processes were carefully tested, and the effects of the several reagents referred to in the work, when in any degree doubt- ful, were verified by trial. The new Dublin and London Pharmacopoeias were compared with our own, with the view of introducing uniformity wherever more important considera- tions did not seem to forbid the requisite modifications ; and the Committee have pleasure in acknowledging the politeness
Xll
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
of the President of the London College of Physicians, Dr. Paris, who kindly furnished the Chairman, upon personal ap- plication, with a copy of the Pharmacopoeia of that College, before it had yet been published, in order that it might be made available for the object in view. After the revision had been completed, some time was consumed in the necessary arrangement of the work for publication ; and the very care- ful examination to which every part of it was subjected, while passing through the press, in order to prevent errors, was the cause of still further delay. The Committee feel that they could not sooner have presented the Pharmacopoeia to the public, with a due regard to the important interests involved. Though conscious of imperfections in the work, they believe that it lias never been issued with higher claims to acceptance on the part of the medical and pharmaceutical professions; and they are happy to be able to add, that the publishers, in the improved dress in which it is presented, have done their share to render it worthy of its character as the national standard in pharmacy.
PREFACE.
In the successive editions of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States since its first publication in 1820, various modi- fications of the original plan were introduced, which required more or less comment in order that they might be fully un- derstood and appreciated. In the present edition, it has not
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been deemed advisable to depart, in any degree, from the plan of the work adopted in the revision of 1840; as, in the opinion of the Committee, no arrangement could be devised better calculated to present the subject, in its various details, in a clear, convenient, and impressive manner. The changes have been altogether in the individual contents of the Phar- macopoeia. A few names have been altered; definitions and references have been modified in numerous instances ; some medicines have been transferred from one of the two cata- logues of the Materia Medica to the other; new medicines and preparations have been introduced; and many of the processes have been amended, replaced by others, or alto- gether omitted. The section of Fluid Extracts is quite new. These changes appeared to the Committee to be necessary to bring the work to the present level of medical and pharma- ceutical knowledge, and to that of general science so far as it has relation to the subject. But the modifications referred to are such as scarcely to require or admit of comment in a Preface; and they are cheerfully trusted to the judgment of
XIV
PREFACE.
the professional community, and to the test of experience. In the absence of any necessity for extended comment in refer- ence to the present edition, it appears appropriate to devote a few pages to a general explanation of the principles upon which the work is arranged; especially at this time, when its plan, having been submitted to a trial of ten years, without exhibiting material defects, may perhaps be considered as definitively settled, and likely to be permanent.
The contents of the work are arranged in the two divisions of Materia Medica and Preparations ; the former enumerating and defining medicines as they are derived from nature or furnished by the manufacturer, the latter containing formulae or rules by which they are prepared for use. The propriety of such a division is too obvious to require comment. It is the basis of arrangement in most Pharmacopoeias.
The subdivision of the Materia Medica into a primary and secondary list is a peculiarity of our national standard. It has the advantage of permitting a discrimination between medicines of acknowledged value, and others of less estima- tion, which, however, may still have claims to notice. Many substances, at one time much employed, are passing out of use, without having been wholly discarded; while others are brought to the notice of the profession, and are undergoing trial, without having been generally adopted. It is very con- venient to have a section into which such doubtful medicines may be thrown, to await the decision of experience for or against them. Without being entirely lost sight of, they are thus kept in a subordinate position, which may prevent mis- apprehension as to their real or estimated value. It is neces- sary to be understood that the primary list contains not only
PREFACE.
XV
all substances of recognised efficacy, but others of little or no apparent importance as medicines, which, however, are em- ployed in some one or more of the “ preparations,” and are therefore essential. Without this explanation, the propriety of introducing such bodies as Animal Charcoal , Bone , Cochi - neal , Marble , and Red Saunders into the primary list might be disputed.
Both in the Materia Medica and the Preparations, the al- phabetical arrangement has been adopted. In a work intended not for regular perusal but for occasional reference, it has the great merit of convenience. It has moreover the advantage that, making no claim to scientific classification, it is not liable to the charge of failure, so often and so justly urged against more ambitious systems. In relation to the Preparations, it will be noticed that they are arranged in groups, the titles of which are placed in the alphabetical order. The pharmaceu- tical processes naturally throw themselves into such groups, which could not be divided and otherwise distributed without great inconvenience. Their affinity consists either in closely analogous modes of treatment, as in the decoctions, extracts, infusions, &c. ; in having some common base, as in the prepara- tions of the different metals ; or in a certain resemblance of character, as in the acids and ethers. It happens fortunately that the several individuals in these groups are so named that they fall into the general alphabetical order, with but very few and insignificant exceptions. It is proper to observe that the order of succession is based on the Latin names throughout the work.
The Pharmacopoeia was originally published both in the Latin and English languages. This was at the time an inno-
XVI
PREFACE.
vation upon general usage ; as codes of this kind had been almost always issued by the dignified bodies from which they emanated, exclusively in the Latin, which was considered as the language of science. In the revision of 1840, the Latin was dropped ; as it did not offer advantages equivalent to the trouble of adapting a dead language to facts and processes for which it had no terms, and to the double cost of the work which it occasioned. As stated in the Historical Introduction, the recent National Convention was unani- mous in their decision in favour of the English exclusively. The Latin names, however, of the medicines and preparations have been retained ; as they are still generally and often very conveniently used in prescription ; and it is desirable that medicines should have designations by which they may be recognised in all civilized countries.
The system of nomenclature of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States is one of its chief merits. Adopted at a period when it was without example in other works of the kind, and improved with each successive revision, it now prevails to a considerable extent in all the Pharmaceutical codes recog- nised where our vernacular tongue is spoken. Its aim is to be simple, expressive, distinctive, and convenient. In rela- tion to medicines of vegetable origin, it adopts for those which have been long and well known, the names by which they have at all times been recognised, and which have with- stood and will no doubt continue to withstand all the muta- tions of science. In this category are such titles as Ammo- niacum , Camphor a, Gralla , Opium , Senna , $c. Por medicines of more recent origin, which had received no distinctive officinal designation, it takes either the generic or specific
PREFACE.
XVII
title of the plant or animal from which the medicine is derived. Thus, we have the generic names Anthemis from Anthemis nobilis, Chimapliila from Chimaphila umbellata, Fupatorium from Eupatorium perfoliatum, Grillenia from Gillenia trifoli- ata, Lobelia from Lobelia inflata, &c. ; and the specific names Senega from Polygala Senega, Serpentaria from Aristolochia Serpentaria, Taraxacum from Leontodon Taraxacum, &c. A very large proportion of the names have been formed in this way ; and, as the generic or specific title of the plant had its origin in many instances in the vernacular name, the original designation is thus fixed and perpetuated. When it happens that two different medicines are obtained from different species of the same genus, it becomes necessary to adopt either for both the whole botanical title of the plants, or for one of them the generic or specific name, and for the other the whole name. Thus, we have Cassia Fistula and Cassia Marilandica , Q-uer- cus alba and Quercus tinctorea , as titles both for the plants and their medicinal products ; and, in the case of the different species of Gentiana, the generic name Grentiana for the pro- duct of G. lutea, and the whole name Grentiana Catesbsei for that of the species so designated in scientific arrangements. When different parts of the same plant are recognised as dis- tinct medicines, they are designated by attaching to the generic or specific title the' name of the part employed. Thus are formed the names Colchici Radix and Colchici Semen from Colchicum autumnale, and Stramonii Folia , Stramonii Radix , and Stramonii Semen from Datura Stramonium. When these names become established in pharmacy, it does not follow that they are to be changed with the changing scientific titles. On the contrary, it is generally best to retain them, unless by
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XV111
PREFACE.
doing so injurious confusion may be occasioned. Thus, we have Prunus Virginiana as the name of wild-cherry bark, though the plant from which it is derived is now usually de- signated by botanists as Cerasus serotina. It will be noticed that the Latin names are generally used in the singular num- ber, even though the idea of plurality may be essentially connected with the medicine. Thus, Cantharis , Caryoqohyllus, Ficus , Galla , Limon , &c., are used instead of the plural of these terms respectively ; and, in reference to the names de- rived from the part of the plant employed, the same plan is mostly followed, as in the case of Stramonii Semen , Colchici Semen , &c. In this the example of the Roman medical wri- ters, particularly of Celsus, has been followed. The leaves, however, are expressed in the plural, as Stramonii Folia , &c., which is also in accordance with the practice of the same classical author.
In the use of English names, it is not deemed necessary that they should be literal translations of the Latin terms; but that title is preferred which custom and the genius of the language seem to sanction. Thus, the English name corres- ponding to Linum is not flax , but Flaxseed ; and, on the same principle, Fceniculun is called Fennel-seed ; Ulmus , Slippery Elm Bark ; G-lycyrrhiza , Liquorice Root , &c. Nor are the English names always in the same number as the Latin. We may correctly say, Caryophyllus , G-alla , Prunum , andifosa; but the genius of our language requires that we should trans- late these terms Cloves , Galls , Prunes , and Roses.
The plan of nomenclature in relation to medicines of mine- ral origin is to give the proper scientific name, when conve- nience, or some higher principle does not call for a deviation
PREFACE.
XIX
from that rule. Hence, the names of most mineral medicines are in strict accordance with existing scientific usage. But, in some instances, short and old established names are pre- ferred to the scientific, especially when these happen to he somewhat unwieldy. Thus, Alumen, Calamina , and Creta have been preferred to the chemical names Aluminx et Po- tassx Sulphas , Zinci Carbonas Impurus , and Calcis Carbonas Mollis. In other instances, the chemical designation is more or less unsettled, or the composition of the substance has not been decisively determined. In such cases, either an old name is retained, as Acidum Muriaticum instead of either Acidum Hydrochloricum or Acidum Clilorohydricum ; or some name is preferred generally expressive of the composition without aiming at chemical accuracy, as Calx Chlorinata , taken from the London Pharmacopoeia, and Ferrum Ammo- niatum. In other cases, it is considered safest to designate very active medicines, which, if their strict chemical titles were used, might be dangerously confounded, by names which, though upon the chemical basis, have some epithet attached expressive of their distinctive character, as mild chloride of mercury and corrosive chloride of mercury , instead of protochloride of mercury and bichloride of mercury. Some- times, for convenience sake, when no risk of confusion can possibly arise, names are adopted sufficiently expressive of the nature of the substance, though not precisely so ; as sulphate of iron instead of sulphate of protoxide of iron , hydrated oxide of iron instead of hydrated sesquioxide of iron , &c. If any part of the nomenclature of mineral bodies should seem at first sight somewhat incongruous, it will be found to have been adopted in accordance with some one of the principles
XX
PREFACE.
here stated, or in some other way to have the advantage of convenience or utility. Not a single name has been given or retained without careful consideration.
When the officinal names of particular medicines may be supposed not to have yet become universally known, and the old names are still extensively used, the latter are given as synonymes in a subordinate type and position ; and those offi- cinal titles which have been superseded by others adopted at the present revision, are inserted beneath, with a reference to the Pharmacopoeia of 1840.
In the Materia Medica, the Latin and English officinal names are first given, and immediately afterwards, in a dis- tinct paragraph, a definition fixing the precise character of the substance referred to ; designating, for example, the plant or animal from which it is derived, and the part employed, if it be of vegetable or animal origin ; and defining it by the precise chemical name, if mineral. When the officinal name sufficiently explains itself, as in the case of Magnesise Sulphas , Potassse Nitras , and Sodse Oarbonas , no definition is given. To most of the mineral substances brief notes are appended, containing, in short and precise terms, an enumeration of those properties by which their identity can be determined, and of the tests by which their freedom from adulterations or accidental impurities may be ascertained. The same plan has been extended to many of the chemicals among the pre- parations. In relation to most of the medicines of organic origin, it has not been thought advisable to offer similar tests of genuineness and purity ; as the means of judging are much less precise, and could not be readily expressed in a few brief rules.
PREFACE.
XXI
Among the Preparations will be noticed several substances which are now seldom made by the apothecary, being obtained almost exclusively from the manufacturing chemist. They have been retained in their present .position, because, in our widely-extended country, circumstances may not unfrequently render it desirable that the apothecary should be able to prepare them in the absence of a due supply ; and, though the processes might not have been introduced if now claiming admission for the first time, yet, having a place already in the Pharmacopoeia, it has not been deemed advisable to omit them, and transfer their products to the Materia Medica. The circumstance that these substances are placed among the preparations does not preclude their purchase from the manu- facturer when they can be procured of the proper quality.
Another feature of the second part of the Pharmacopoeia which requires a brief notice, is the introduction of double processes for many of the preparations, the apothecary having the choice between them. This might seem objectionable as leading possibly to difference in the preparations ; but care has been taken to guard against this disadvantage, the processes being such as, if properly executed, must yield preparations either identical in character, or sufficiently alike for all practical purposes. It is only in cases to which the mode of filtration denominated displacement is adapted, that this duplication has been introduced ; as in the preparation of some of the Vinegars, Extracts, Infusions, and Tinctures. Displacement affords so many advantages, both in an econo- mical point of view, and in the character of the resulting pre- parations, and has, besides, been practically adopted to such an extent, that it could not, with propriety, be excluded
XXII
PREFACE.
from a Pharmacopoeia which claims to he on a level with the improvements of the times. Yet the process requires con- siderable skill and experience for its proper management, and, if conducted without due*regard to the requisite cautions, will necessarily lead to imperfect and unequal results. Thus, if the substance to be acted upon be not in a suitable state of comminution, or he not sufficiently compacted in the instru- ment, the liquid will be apt to pass through it unequally and in distinct channels, so as not to come into proper contact with all parts of it, and, therefore not completely to exhaust its soluble principles ; while, on the other hand, if it be too fine and too close, the percolation may be prevented, or so much retarded as to deprive the process of its advantages. Now, to many of those who will adopt the Pharmacopoeia as their guide in the preparation of medicines, the method of displacement is probably not yet familiar. If, therefore, it were exclusively adopted in the officinal processes to which it is applicable, there would be danger that the resulting pre- paration would, in some instances, be very different from the one contemplated. By leaving to the operator the choice be- tween the former simple methods and the new, this danger is in a great measure avoided ; and it is strongly recommended to those who have not made themselves practically familiar with the various sources of error in the method of displace- ment, to postpone its application, whenever an alternative is given in this work, until they shall have acquired the requisite skill.
Finally, to one familiar with the British Pharmacopoeias it will be obvious that, in the preparation of our own, many of the processes have been taken from them with little alteration.
PREFACE.
xxni
This has been done advisedly. It is of the highest import- ance that medicines having the same names should have the same composition ; and, as British works on medicine are much read in this country, it would lead to never-ending con- fusion if the substances they refer to by name should differ materially from those known by similar names with us. It has, therefore, been a general aim to bring our pharmacy into as near a correspondence as possible with that of Great Britain; but in all cases in which greater purity or efficiency in the medicine, or greater convenience and economy in the process, or any peculiarity in the relation of the preparation to our own circumstances and wants, called for deviation from the British standards, modified or wholly original processes have been adopted.
PRELIMINARY NOTICES.
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PRELIMINARY NOTICES.
Weights.
The kind of weight employed in this work is that commonly denominated Troy-weight ; and the pound is divided in the following manner: —
The pound db C Twelve ounces, 3
The ounce f . • 1 Eight drachms, 5
The drachm T ' j Three scruples, 9
The scruple 3 (. Twenty grains, gr.
The signs have been annexed by which the several weights are denoted.*
Measures.
The measures employed are derived from the wine gallon, which, for medical purposes, is di- vided in the following manner : —
The gallon C C Eight pints, 0
The pint f , . j Sixteen fluidounces, f|
The fluidounce T COn amS J Eight fluidrachms, fj
The fluidrachm 3 C Sixty minims, \\
The signs have been annexed by which the several measures are denoted.
* It is highly important that those engaged in preparing or dis- pensing medicines should he provided with Troy weights of all the denominations mentioned in the above table; but, when these are
4
PRELIMINARY NOTICES.
Temperature.
When there is occasion to indicate the degree of heat, the scale of Fahrenheit’s thermometer is employed. By the term gentle heat , is meant any temperature between 90° and 100°.
Specific Grayity.
When the specific gravity of a substance is men- tioned, its temperature is supposed to be at 60°.
Saturation.
When an acid or alkali is directed to be satu- rated, the point of saturation is to be ascertained by means of litmus and turmeric, in the method usually followed by chemists.
Filtration.
The kind of filtration commonly designated as the process of displacement , which is frequently directed in this Pharmacopoeia, is to be effected in the following manner, unless otherwise spe- cially ordered. A hollow cylindrical instrument,
not to be had, the same end may be attained by calculating the Avoirdupois pound at 7000 Troy grains, and the Avoirdupois ounce at 437 *5 grains, and making the requisite allowance. Thus, 42 •!> grains, added to the Avoirdupois ounce, will make it equal to the Troy ounce ; and 1240 grains, deducted from the Avoirdupois pound, will reduce it to the Troy pound.
PRELIMINARY NOTICES.
called a Percolator , is to be used, somewhat conical towards the inferior extremity, having a funnel-shaped termination so as to admit of being inserted into the mouth of a bottle, and provided internally, near the lower end, with a trans- verse partition or diaphragm pierced with nume- rous minute holes, or, in the absence of such a partition, obstructed with some insoluble and inert substance, in such a manner that a liquid poured into the cylinder may percolate slowly. The substance to be acted upon, having been re- duced to a coarse powder, and mixed with enough of the menstruum to moisten it thoroughly, is, after a maceration of some hours, to be introduced into the instrument, and slightly compressed upon the diaphragm. Any portion of the macerating liquid wThich may not have been absorbed by the powder, is afterwards to be poured upon the mass in the instrument, and allowed to percolate. Suf- ficient of the menstruum is then to be gradually added to drive before it, or displace, the liquid con- tained in the mass ; the portion introduced is in like manner to be displaced by another portion ; and so on till the required quantity of filtered liquor is obtained. If the liquor which first passes
6
PRELIMINARY NOTICES.
should be turbid, it is to be again introduced into
the instrument. Care must be taken that the
powder be not, on the one hand, too coarse or
loosely pressed, lest it should allow the liquid to
pass too quickly, nor, on the other, too fine or
%
compact, lest it should offer an unnecessary resist- ance. Should the liquor flow too rapidly, it is to be returned to the instrument, which is then to be closed beneath for a time, in order that the finer parts of the powder may subside, and thus cause a slower percolation.
M A T E R I A M ERICA.
L
I
, \
J
i
.
J
1
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J-
MATERIA MEDICA.
In the following catalogue, the names of medi- cinal substances, not included among the Prepara- tions, are given in Latin and English, with syno- nymes in the same languages, when names long employed and in common use do not correspond with the officinal. Such explanations as are ne- cessary to identify the substances mentioned are also given, together with brief notes indicating the means of ascertaining the purity and genuine- ness of those most liable to be sophisticated. The names of the plants referred to, when not other- wise indicated, are those of Willdenow’s edition of Linmeus’s Catalogue Specierum Plantarum , and of the animals, those of the R'tgne Animate of Cuvier. When De Candolle is cited as authority, reference is had to the Prodromus Systematic Naturalis of that author.
10
MATERIA MEDICA.
Absinthium. Wormwood .
The tops and leaves of Artemisia Absinthium,
Acacia. Gum Arabic .
The concrete juice of Acacia vera and other species of Acacia.
Acetum. Vinegar .
Impure dilute acetic acid, prepared by fer- mentation.
One fluidounee is saturated by about 35 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of potassa. It is not coloured by sulphohydric acid, and yields no precipitate when boiled with a solution of chloride of calcium.
Acidum Aceticum. Acetic Acid .
Acetic acid of the specific gravity 1*041.
Acetic Acid is colourless and of a pungent odour, is wholly volatilized by heat, yields no precipitate with chloride of barium or nitrate of silver, and does not change colour on the addition of sulphohydrate of am- monia. When saturated with ammonia, it gives no pre- cipitate with iodide of potassium. If silver be digested in it, and chlorohydric acid afterwards added, no preci- pitate will be produced. Of this acid 100 grains satu- rate 60 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of potassa, and contain 36 grains of monohydrated acetic acid.
Acidum Arseniosum. Arsenious Acid .
Sublimed arsenious acid in masses.
MATERIA MEDICA.
11
Arsenious Acid is entirely volatilized by heat, emits an alliaceous odour when thrown on ignited charcoal, and is completely dissolved by boiling water. The solution yields a yellow precipitate on the addition of sulphohy- dric acid, a lemon-yellow precipitate on the addition first of ammonia and then of nitrate of silver, and a green precipitate with potassa and sulphate of copper. Of this acid 100 grains, boiled with diluted chlorohydric acid, and then treated with sulphohydric acid, yield a deposit of tersulphuret of arsenic weighing 124 grains.
Acidum Citricum. Citric Acid.
In colourless crystals, wholly dissipated by a red heat, freely soluble in water, and soluble in alcohol. The so- lution affords with acetate of lead a precipitate entirely soluble in nitric acid, and yields no precipitate when added in excess to a solution of carbonate of potassa. Of Citric Acid 100 grains saturate 150 grains of bicar- bonate of potassa.
Acidum Muriaticum. Muriatic Acid.
An aqueous solution of chlorohydric acid gas of the specific gravity 1*16.
Muriatic Acid is colourless ; entirely volatilized by heat ; when diluted with distilled water, yields no pre- cipitate either with solution of chloride of barium, or with ammonia in excess; and does not dissolve gold leaf, even with the aid of heat.
Acidum Nitricum. Nitric Acid.
Nitric acid of the specific gravity 1*42.
12
MATERIA MEDICA.
Nitric Acid is colourless ; is entirely volatilized by heat ; dissolves copper with the disengagement of red vapours ; and, when diluted with distilled water, yields no precipitate with nitrate of silver, or chloride of ba- rium.
Acidum Sulphuricum. Sulphuric Acid,
Sulphuric acid of the specific gravity i-845.
Sulphuric Acid is colourless and without smell ; is entirely volatilized by a strong heat ; and, when diluted with distilled w^ater, is not coloured by sulphohydric acid.
Acidum Tartaricum. Tartaric Acid,
In colourless crystals, readily dissolved by water, and wholly or almost wholly dissipated by heat. The solu- tion, added in excess to any neutral salt of potassa, pro- duces a precipitate of bitartrate of potassa. With acetate of lead it yields a precipitate wdiolly soluble in nitric acid. Of Tartaric Acid 100 grains saturate 133*5 grains of bicarbonate of potassa.
Aconiti Folia. Aconite Leaves,
Aconitum, U. S. Ph ., 1840.
The leaves of Aconitum Napellus.
Aconiti Radix. Aconite Root,
The root of Aconitum Napellus.
Adeps. Lard,
The prepared fat of Sus Scrofa, free from saline matter.
MATERIA MEDICA.
13
Alcohol. Alcohol,
Rectified spirit of the specific gravity 0*835.
Alcohol is colourless, is wholly vaporizable by heat, and unites in all proportions with water and ether. It should be wholly free from foreign odour.
Allium. Garlic.
The bulb of Allium sativum.
Aloe. Aloes.
The inspissated juice of the leaves of Aloe spicata, Aloe Socotrina (Lamarck, Encyclo- pedic Methodique , i. 85), and other species of
Aloe.
Althasa: Flores. Marshmallow Floivers.
The flowers of Althaea officinalis.
Althaea Radix. Marshmcdlow Root.
Althaea, U.S. PL, 1§40.
The root of Althaea officinalis.
A LUMEN. Alum.
Sulphate of alumina and potassa.
Ammonia cum. Ammoniac.
The concrete juice of Dorema Ammoniacum (Don, Transact, of the Lin. Soc .).
Ammonia: Murias. Muriate of Ammonia. Chlorohydrate of ammonia.
Translucent, entirely volatilized by heat and dis-
14
MATERIA MEDICA.
solved by water. The solution slightly reddens litmus, and gives no precipitate with chloride of barium. The salt, when rubbed with lime or potassa, emits the smell of ammonia.
Amygdala A mar a. Bitter Almonds .
The kernels of the fruit of Amygdalus com- munis— variety amara (De Candolle).
Amygdala Bulcis. Sweet Almonds .
The kernels of the fruit of Amygdalus com- munis— variety dulcis (De Candolle).
Amylum. Starch .
The fecula of the seeds of Triticum vulgare (Kunth, Graminese , 438).
Angustura. Angustura Bark .
The bark of Galipea officinalis (Hancock, Trans, of the Medic6-Bot . Soc .).
Anisum. Anise .
The fruit of Pimpinella Anisum.
Anthemis. Chamomile.
The flowers of Anthemis nobilis.
Antimonii Sulphuretum. Sulphuret of Anti- mony.
Native tersulphuret of antimony, purified by fusion.
MATERIA MEDICA.
15
In striated masses, totally dissolved by chlorohydric acid with the aid of heat, sulphohydric acid gas being evolved. Its solution in chlorohydric acid yields a white precipitate when added to water; and the resulting liquid, after filtration, yields an orange-red precipitate with sulphohydrate of ammonia.
Aqua. Water.
Natural water in the purest attainable state.
For signs of the purity of water, see Jiqua Destillata .
Argentum. Silver.
The specific gravity of this metal is 10*4. It is en- tirely dissolved by dilute nitric acid ; and its solution in this acid yields with chloride of sodium a white pre- cipitate, totally soluble in ammonia. The solution, de- prived of silver by chloride of sodium and filtered, is not coloured nor precipitated by sulphohydric acid.
Armoracia. Horse-radish.
The fresh root of Cochlearia Armoracia.
A rsenicum. Arsenic.
A brittle metal, of a steel-gray colour, having the specific gravity 5*88, and exhibiting a brilliant lustre when re- cently broken or sublimed. When exposed to heat, it sublimes without melting, giving rise to white vapours having a garlicky smell.
Assafcetida. Assafetida.
The concrete juice of the root of Narthex Assafcetida (Falconer, Boyle's Mat . Med.).
16
MATERIA MEDICA.
Aurantii Cortex. Orange Peel .
The outer rind of the fruit of Citrus vulgaris or Citrus Aurantium (Be Candolle ).
A vena: Farina. Oatmeal.
Meal prepared from the seeds of Avena sa- tiva.
Baesamum Peruvianum. Balsam of Peru. Myroxylon, U. S. Pit 1840.
The juice of Myrospermum Peruiferum (Be Candolle).
Balsamum Tolutanum. Balsam of Tolu. Tolutanum, U. S. Ph ., 1840.
The juice of Myrospermum Toluiferum (Be
Baryta: Carbonas. Carbonate of Baryta.
Entirely soluble in dilute chlorohydric acid, with ef- fervescence. The solution in this acid is not coloured nor precipitated by ammonia or sulphohydric acid. When sulphuric acid is added in excess, the solution yields no precipitate with carbonate of soda.
Belladonna. Belladonna.
The leaves of Atropa Belladonna.
Benzoinum. Benzoin.
The concrete juice of Styrax Benzoin.
MATERIA MEDICA.
17
Bismut hum. Bismuth.
The specific gravity of this metal is 9'8. It is dis- solved by diluted nitric acid, and its solution in this acid yields a white precipitate when added to distilled water. Ammonia, added in excess to the solution, pro-* duces a white precipitate, and does not alter the colour of the liquid.
Brominium. Bromine.
Brominum, V. S. Ph ., 1840.
Bromine is liquid, of a dark-red colour, of a strong, disagreeable odour, and entirely volatilized by heat in reddish vapour. It is sparingly soluble in water, more soluble in alcohol, and still more so in ether. It destroys the colour of sulphate of indigo, and renders starch yel- low. Its specific gravity is 3.
Buchu. Buchu.
Diosma, U.S. Ph., 1840.
The leaves of Barosma crenata, and other species of Barosma.
Calamus a. Calamine.
Zinei Carbonas, U S. Ph., 1840.
Native impure carbonate of zinc.
It is nearly all soluble, with slight effervescence, in liquid chlorohydric acid ; and its solution is affected by reagents in the same manner as the solution of zinc in sulphuric acid. (See Zincum.)
Calamus. Sweet Flag.
The rhizoma of Acorus Calamus.
2
18
MATERIA MEDICA.
Calcii Chloridum. Chloride of Calcium.
Colourless, slightly translucent, hard and friable, de- liquescent, and entirely soluble in water. The solution yields white precipitates with nitrate of silver and oxa-
1 late of ammonia, and no precipitate with ammonia, chloride of barium, or ferrocyanuret of potassium dis- solved in a large quantity of water.
■ ^ ' \
Calx. Lime.
Lime recently prepared by calcination.
Upon the addition of water, it cracks and falls into powder, with the evolution of heat. Chlorohydric acid dissolves it without effervescence, and the solution yields no precipitate with ammonia.
Calx Chlorinata. Chlorinated Lime.
Syn. Calcxs Chloridum. Chloride of Lime.
Calcis Hypochloris. Hypochlorite of Lime.
A compound resulting from the action of chlorine on hydrate of lime, and containing at least twenty-five per cent, of chlorine.
Grayish- white, pulverulent, dry or but slightly moist, and wholly dissolved by dilute chlorohydric acid with the escape of chlorine. Its solution quickly destroys vegetable colours. When 40 grains of it, triturated with a fluidounce of distilled water, are well shaken with a solution of 78 grains of crystallized sulphate of pro- toxide of iron, and 10 drops of sulphuric acid, in two fluidounces of distilled water, a liquid is formed which
MATERIA MEDICA.
19
does not yield a blue precipitate with ferridcyanuret of potassium (red prussiate of potassa).
Camfiigra. Camphor .
A peculiar concrete substance derived from Camphora officinarum (Nees, Laurin ., 88), and purified by sublimation.
Canella. Canella.
The bark of Canella alba.
Cantharis. Spanish Flies.
Cantharis vesicatoria.
Cantharis Yittata. Potato Flies .
Cantharis vittata.
Capsicum. Cayenne Pepper .
The fruit of Capsicum annuum, and of other species. of Capsicum.
Carbo Animalis. Animal Charcoal .
Charcoal prepared from bones.
Carbo Ligni. Charcoal.
Charcoal prepared from wood.
Carbamomum. Cardamom .
The fruit of Elettaria Cardamomum (Maton, Act. Linn., 254).
Carum. Caraway.
The fruit of Carum Carui.
20
MATERIA MEDICA.
Caryophyllus. Cloves .
The hr expanded flowers of Caryophyllus aro- maticus ( Be Candolle).
Cascarilla. Cascarilla.
The bark of Croton Eleuteria.
Cassia Fistula. Purging Cassia .
The fruit of Cassia Fistula.
Cassia Marilandica. American Senna .
The leaves of Cassia Marilandica.
Castoreum. Castor .
A peculiar concrete substance obtained from Castor fiber.
Catechu. Catechu .
The extract of the wTood of Acacia Catechu. Cera Alba. White Wax.
Bleached yellow wax.
Cera Flaya. Yellow Wax.
A peculiar concrete substance prepared by Apis mellifica.
Cetaceum. Spermaceti .
A peculiar concrete substance obtained from Physeter macrocephalus.
Cetraria. Iceland Moss.
Cetraria Xslandica (Acharius, Lichenog. Univ .).
MATERIA MEDICA.
21
Chenopodium. Wormseed.
The fruit of Chenopodium anthelminticum.
C himaphila. Pipsissewa.
The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata (Pursh, Flor. Jlmer . Sept.).
Chondrus. Irish Moss.
Chondrus erispus (Greville, Mg. Brit.).
Cimicifuga. Black Snakeroot.
The root of Cimicifuga racemosa (Torrey & Gray, Flor. of N. Jlmer.).
Cinchona. Peruvian Bark.
The bark of different species of Cinchona from the western coast of South America.
Cinchona Flava. Yellow Bark.
The variety of Peruvian Bark derived from Cinchona Calisaya (Weddell, Hist. Nat. des Quinquin 30), and called in commerce Cali- saya bark.
Cinchona Pallida. Pale Bark.
The variety of Peruvian Bark derived from Cinchona Condaminea (Humb. and Bonpl.. Plant. Equinoct ., i. 33), and Cinchona Mi- crantha (Ruiz and Pavon, Flor. Peruv ., ii. 52). and called in commerce Loxa and Lima bark .
22
MATERIA MEDICA.
Cinchona Rubra, Red Bark.
The variety of Peruvian Bark called in com- merce red bark.
Cinnamomum. Cinnamon.
The bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Nees, Laurin .), and of Cinnamomum aromaticum (Nees, Ibid.).
Coccus. Cochineal Coccus Cacti.
Colchici Radix. Colchicum Root.
The cormus of Colchicum autumnale,
Colchici Semen. Colchicum Seed .
' , f - / * , >»
The seeds of Colchicum autumnale.
Colocynthis. Colocynth .
The fruit of Citrullus Colocynthis (Royle, Mat . Med.)} deprived of its rind.
CoLOMBA. CollimbOo
The root of Cocculus palmatus (De Candolle ).
Conii Folia. Hemlock Leaves .
The leaves of Conium maculatem, .
Conii Semen. Hemlock Seed.
The fruit of Conium maculatum.
MATERIA MEDICA.
23
C opaiba. Copaiba .
The juice of Copaifera officinalis, and of other species of Copaifera.
Coriandrum. Coriander .
The fruit of Coriandrum sativum.
Corn us Florida. Dogwood .
The bark of Cornus Florida.
Creasotum. Creasote .
A peculiar substance obtained from tar.
Creasote is an oleaginous, colourless liquid, of a strong characteristic odour, entirely volatilizable by heat, and freely soluble in alcohol and acetic acid. When dropped on paper and exposed to heat, it does not leave a greasy stain. It boils at 397°, and does not congeal at — 17°.
Greta. Chalk .
Native friable carbonate of lime.
Chalk is entirely soluble in dilute chlorohydric acid with effervescence, and the solution yields no precipi- tate with ammonia.
Crocus. Saffron .
The stigmas of Crocus sativus.
Cubeba. Cubebs.
The berries of Piper Cubeba.
Cupri Sun ac etas. Subacctale of Copper.
Syn. kErugo. Verdigris.
Impure subacetate of copper.
24
MATERIA MEDICA.
Subacetate of copper is almost wholly dissolved, with the aid of heat, in diluted sulphuric acid. Ammonia, added to the solution, produces a precipitate, which is wholly dissolved by an excess of the alkali.
Cupri Sulphas. Sulphate of Copper .
In blue crystals, slightly efflorescent in the air, and entirely soluble in water. Ammonia throws down from the solution a precipitate, which is wholly redissolved when the alkali is added in excess.
Digitalis. Foxglove.
The leaves of Digitalis purpurea.
Dulcamara. Bittersweet.
The stalks of Solatium Dulcamara.
Elaterium. Elaterium.
A substance deposited by the juice of the fruit of Momordica Elaterium.
Ergot a. Ergot.
The diseased seeds of Secale cereale.
Eupatorium. Thoroughwort.
The tops and leaves of Eupatorium perfoli- atum.
Extract um Glycyrriiizje. Liquorice.
The extract of the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Ferri Filum. Iron Wire.
MATERIA MEDICA.
25
Ferri Ramenta. Iron Filings .
Iron Filings are wholly attracted by the magnet.
Ficus. Figs .
The dried fruit of Ficus Carica.
F ceniculum. Fennel-seed.
The fruit of Foeniculum vulgare {Be Can- dolle).
Galbanum. Galbanum .
The concrete juice of an unknown plant.
Gall a. Galls.
Morbid excrescences upon Quercus infectoria.
Game o gi a. Gamboge.
The concrete juice of an uncertain tree.
Gaultheria. Partridge-berry.
The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens.
Gentiana. Gentian ,
The root of Gentiana lutea.
Geranium. Cranesbill.
The rhizoma of Geranium maculatum.
Gillenia. Gillenia.
The root of Gillenia trifoliata and of Gillenia stipulacea.
Glycyrrhiza. Liquorice Root.
The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra.
26
MATERIA MEDICA.
Gossypium. Cotton .
A filamentous substance separated from the seeds of Gossypium herbaceum, and of other species of Gossypium.
Gran at i Fructus Cortex.' Pomegranate Rind The rind of the fruit of Punica Granatum.
Gran ati Radicis Cortex. Bark of Pomegra- nate Root .
The bark of the root of Punica Granatum.
Guaiaci Lignum. Guaiacum Wood.
« . \
The wood of Guaiacum officinale.
Guaiaci Resina. Guaiac.
The concrete juice of Guaiacum officinale.
Ha: mat o x ye o n. Logwood .
The wood of Haematoxylon Campechianum.
Hedeoma. Pennyroyal. ,
Herb of Hedeoma pulegioides.
Hellebores. Black Hellebore .
The root of Helleborus niger.
Horde um. Barley.
The decorticated seeds of Hordeum distichon.
H U M ULU s . Hops.
The strobiles of Humulus Lupulus.
MATERIA MEDICA.
2.7
Hydrargyrum. Mercury .
This metal is of the specific gravity 13-5, is wholly volatilized by heat, and dissolved without residue by nitric acid. A globule made to roll over white paper leaves no trace. Pure sulphuric acid, agitated with it at common temperatures and afterwards evaporated, leaves no residue.
Hyoscyami Folia. Henbane Leaves .
The leaves of Hyoscyamus niger.
Hyoscyami Semen. Henbane Seed .
The seeds of Hyoscyamus niger.
ICHTHYOCOLLA. IsingklSS .
The swimming bladder of Acipenser Huso, and other species of Acipenser.
Iodinium. Iodine .
lodinum, U. S. Ph ., 1840.
The specific gravity of Iodine is 4#9. It is in crystal- line scales, of a bluish-black colour, and metallic lustre. When heated, it first melts, and then rises in purple vapour. It is soluble without residue in alcohol and ether, and is very slightly soluble in water. With starch it produces a blue colour. When shaken in a dry bot- tle, it scarcely adheres to the surface of the glass.
Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha .
The root of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha (Z?e Can- dolle).
28
MATERIA MEDICA.
Jalapa. Jalap .
The root of Xpomsea Jalapa (Coxe, Am. Jour, of Med. Sciences).
Juglans. Butternut.
The inner bark of the root of Juglans cinerea,
Junxperus. Juniper.
The fruit of Juniperus communis.
Kino. Kino.
The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus Marsu- pium (Be Candolle ), and of other plants.
Krameria. Bhatany.
The root of Krameria triandra (Be Candolle).
L ac t u c ari um. Lactucarium.
The inspissated juice of Lactuca sativa.
Lavandula. Lavender .
The flowers of Lavandula vera (Be Candolle).
Limon. Lemons.
The fruit of Citrus Limonum (Be Candolle).
Limon rs Cortex. Lemon Peel.
The outer rind of the fruit of Citrus Li- monum (Be Candolle ).
Linum. Flaxseed.
The seeds of Linum usitatissimum.
MATERIA MEDICA.
29
Liquor Ammonite Fortior. Stronger Solution of Ammonia.
An aqueous solution of ammonia of the spe- cific gravity 0*882.
Stronger Solution of Ammonia has a very pungent odour of ammonia, is wholly volatilized by heat, and gives no precipitate with lime-water. It does not effer- vesce on the addition of diluted nitric acid, and, when
•
saturated with that acid, does not yield a precipitate with carbonate of ammonia, nitrate of silver, or chloride of barium. When it is saturated with nitric acid, neither carbonate of ammonia nor nitrate of silver causes a pre- cipitate.
Lobelia. Lobelia .
Herb of Lobelia inflata.
Lupulina. Lupulin .
The powder attached to the strobiles of Hu- mulus Lupulus.
Magnesia: Carbonas. Carbonate of Magnesia .
Distilled water which has been boiled with Carbonate of Magnesia does not change the colour of turmeric, and yields no precipitate with chloride of barium or nitrate of silver. It is wholly dissolved by dilute sulphuric acid with effervescence ; and the solution does not give a pre- cipitate with oxalate of ammonia.
Magnesia: Sulphas. Sulphate of Magnesia.
In .colourless crystals, which slowly effloresce on ex-
30
MATERIA MEDICA.
posure to a dry atmosphere, and are very soluble in water. Its solution is not coloured nor precipitated by ferrocyanuret of potassium, and gives off no chlorohy- dric acid upon the addition of sulphuric acid. Of this salt 100 grains, dissolved in water and mixed with suf- ficient boiling solution of carbonate of soda completely to decompose it, yield a precipitate of carbonate of mag- nesia, weighing, when washed and dried, 34 grains.
Manna. Manna .
The concrete juice of Ornus Europcea (Per- soon, Synopsis Plantarum , i. 9).
Mahan t a. Arrow-root*
The fecula of the rhizoma of Maranta arun- dinacea.
Marmor. Marble .
White granular carbonate of lime.
Marble is wholly dissolved by dilute chlorohydric acid with effervescence ; and the solution yields no precipi- tate with ammonia, or with an aqueous solution of sul- phate of lime.
Mel. Honey .
A liquid prepared by Apis mellifica.
Mentha Piperita. Peppermint .
The herb of Mentha piperita.
Mentha Yiridis. Spearmint ,
The herb of Mentha viridis.
MATERIA MEDICA.
81
Mezereum. Mezereon .
The bark of Daphne Mezereum, and of Daphne Gnidium.
Monarda. Horsemint.
The herb of Monarda punctata.
Moschus. Musk.
A peculiar concrete substance obtained from Moschus moschiferus.
Myristica. Nutmeg.
The kernels of the fruit of Myristica mos- chata.
Myrrha. Myrrh .
The concrete juice of Balsamodendron Myr- rha (Nees, Beschreih. officinal . Pflanzen).
Nux Vomica. Nux Vomica.
The seeds of Strychnos Nux vomica.
Oleum Amygdala:. Oil of Almonds .
The fixed oil of the kernels of the fruit of Amygdalus communis.
Oleum Amygdala: Amaral Oil of Bitter Al- monds.
The oil obtained by distilling with water the kernels of the fruit of Amygdalus communis —variety amara (De Candolle).
32
MATERIA MEDICA.
Oleum BerGxImii. Oil of Bergamot .
The volatile oil of the rind of the fruit of Citrus Limetta (Be Candolle)
Oleum Bubulum. Neats foot Oil.
The oil prepared from the bones of Bos do- mesticus.
Oleum Cinnamomi. Oil of Cinnamon.
The volatile oil of the bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Nees, Laurin .), and of Cinna- momum aromaticum (Nees, Ibid.).
Oleum Limonxs. Oil of Lemons.
The volatile oil of the rind of the fruit of Citrus Limonum (Be Candolle).
Oleum Lini, Flaxseed Oil.
The oil of the seeds of Linum usitatissimum.
Oleum Morrhua:. Cod-liver Oil .
A fixed oil obtained from the liver of Gadus Morrhua.
Oleum Myristica;. Oil of Nutmeg.
The volatile oil of the kernels of the fruit of Myristica moschata.
Oleum Oliva:. Olive Oil.
The oil of the fruit of Olea Europoea.
MATERIA MEDICA.
33
Oleum Ricini. Castor Oil .
The oil of the seeds of Ricinus communis.
Oleum Rosje. Oil of Roses .
The volatile oil of the petals of Rosa centi- folia.
Oleum Terebintiiinje. Oil of Turpentine .
The volatile oil distilled from the turpentine of Pinus palustris, and of other species of Pinus.
Oleum Tiglii. Croton Oil.
The oil of the seeds of Croton Tiglium.
Opium. Opium.
The concrete juice of the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum.
Origanum. Origanum .
The herb of Origanum vulgare.
Os. Bone.
Ovum. Bgg-
The egg of Phasianus Gallus.
Papaver. Poppy-heads .
The ripe capsules of Papaver somniferum.
Pimenta. Pimento.
The unripe berries of Myrtus Pimenta.
3
34
MATERIA MEDICA.
Piper. Black Pepper .
The berries of Piper nigrum.
Pix Burgundica. Burgundy Pitch.
The prepared concrete juice of Abies excelsa (Lamarck, Enc . Method.).
Pix Canadensis. Canada Pitch .
Syn. Hemlock Pitch.
The prepared concrete juice of Abies Cana- densis (Michaux, N. Am. Sylva).
Pix Liquida. Tar.
The impure turpentine procured by burning from the wood of Finns palustris and other species of Pinus.
Plumbi Acetas. Acetate of Lead.
Syn. Saccharum Saturni. Sugar of Lead.
In colourless crystals, which effloresce on exposure to the air. It is dissolved by distilled water, with a slight turbidness, which is removed by the addition of distilled vinegar. With its solution, carbonate of soda produces a white, iodide of potassium a yellow, and sulphohydric acid a black precipitate. Upon the addition of sulphuric acid, vapour is evolved having the smell of vinegar.
Plumbi Carbonas. Carbonate of Lead.
Syn. White Lead.
In white powder or pulverulent masses, insoluble in water, but soluble with effervescence in dilute nitric
MATERIA MEDICA.
35
acid. With its solution in this acid potassa produces a white precipitate, which is wholly dissolved by an excess of the alkali. Heat renders it yellow, and, with the aid of charcoal, reduces it to the metallic state.
Plumbi Nitras. Nitrate of Lead.
In white, nearly opaque, octohedral crystals, perma- nent in the air, and of a sweet astringent taste. It is soluble in seven and a half parts of cold water, and in alcohol. Its solution is precipitated black by sulphohy- drate of ammonia, white by ferrocyanuret of potassium, and yellow by iodide of potassium. When nitrate of lead is triturated with sulphuric acid, the mixture colours morphia red, and if heated evolves nitrous fumes.
Plumbi Oxidum Semiyitreum. Semivitrified Oxide of Lead .
Syn. Litharge.
In minute yellowish or orange-coloured scales, inso- luble in water, but almost wholly soluble in dilute nitric acid. Its solution in this acid is affected by potassa like that of carbonate of lead. Heated with charcoal it is reduced to the metallic state.
Podophyllum. May-apple .
The rhizoma of Podophyllum peltatum.
Potassa: Bitartras. Bitartrate of Potassa . Syn. Cream of Tartar.
Bitartrate of Potassa is sparingly dissolved by wTater, but freely by a hot solution of potassa, which deposites it again upon the addition of an acid. Whatever re-
36
MATERIA MEDICA.
mains undissolved by the alkaline solution is impurity. The precipitate produced with its aqueous solution by chloride of barium is soluble in nitric acid. It reddens litmus, and by a red heat is converted into carbonate of potassa.
Potassa: Carbonas Impurus. Impure Carbonate of Potassa .
The impure carbonate of potassa known in commerce by the name of pearlash .
The soluble matter contained in 100 grains neutral- izes about 58 grains of sulphuric acid.
Po tassje Chloras. Chlorate of Potassa .
In colourless tabular crystals, which have a pearly lustre, and are wholly soluble in distilled water. The solution yields no precipitate with nitrate of silver. When strongly heated, the salt first melts, and after- wards gives off abundance of pure oxygen, the evolution of which having ceased, the residue is chloride of po- tassium. When a little sulphuric acid is dropped on the crystals, they first become yellow, and afterwards red.
Potassa: Nitras. Nitrate of Potassa.
In colourless prismatic crystals, unalterable in the air, and wholly soluble in -water. The solution yields no precipitate with chloride of barium or nitrate of silver. With chloride of platinum it gives a yellowish precipitate. By a strong heat the salt is first melted, and then decom- posed, oxygen escaping, and a salt remaining which emits orange-coloured fumes on the addition of sulphuric
MATEKIA MEDICA.
37
acid. If 100 grains of nitrate of potassa, previously dried, be mixed with 60 grains of sulphuric acid, and the mixture be kept at a red heat until the salt ceases to lose weight, the residue wdll weigh 86 grains.
Potassa: Sulphas. Sulphate of Potassa.
In hard colourless crystals, unalterable in the air, sparingly soluble in cold water, and insoluble in alcohol. The solution is not precipitated by solution of ammonia. With chloride of platinum it yields a yellowish precipi- tate, and with chloride of barium a white precipitate in- soluble in nitric acid.
Potassii Ferrocyanuretum. Ferrocyanuret of Potassium.
In crystals of a lemon-yellow colour, wholly soluble in water. Its solution yields with the salts of the ses- quioxide of iron a deep blue, and with the salts of cop- per, a brown precipitate. Exposed to a gentle heat, it becomes white, and loses 12-6 per cent, of water.
Prunum. Prunes.
The dried fruit of Prunus domestica.
Prunus Virginian a. Wild-cherry Park .
The bark of Cerasus serotina (De Candolle)— Cerasus Virginiana (Michaux, N. Am. Sylva ).
Quassia. Quassia.
The wood of Simaruba excelsa ( Be Candolle).
Quercus Alba. White-oak Park.
The bark of Quercus alba.
38
MATEKIA MEDICA.
Quercus Tinctoria. Black-oak Bark .
The bark of Quercus tinctoria.
Resina. Resin .
The residuum after the distillation of the volatile oil from the turpentine of Pinus palustris and other species of Pinus.
Rheum. Rhubarb.
The root of Rheum palmatum, and of other species of Rheum.
Rosa Centifolia. Hundred-leaved Roses .
The petals of Rosa centifolia.
Rosa Galeica. Red Roses.
The petals of Rosa Gallica.
Rosmarinus. Rosemary.
The tops of Rosmarinus officinalis.
Sabadiela. Cevadilla.
The seeds of Yeratrum Sabadilla ( Retzius ).
Sabbatia. American Centaury.
The herb of Sabbatia angularis (Pursh, Flor . Amer. Sept.).
Sabina. Savine.
The tops of Juniperus Sabina.
Sac ch arum. Sugar.
The sugar of Saccharum officinarum, refined.
MATERIA MEDICA.
39
Sago. Sago.
The prepared fecula of the pith of Sagus Rumphii.
Sanguinaria. Bloodroot .
The rhizoma of Sanguinaria Canadensis.
«
Santalum. Red Saunders .
The wood of Pterocarpus santalinus.
Sapo. Soap.
Soap made with soda and olive oil.
Sapo Vulgaris. Common Soap .
Soap made with soda and animal oil.
Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla.
The root of Smilax officinalis ( Humboldt and Bonpland )? and of other species of Smilax.
Sassafras Medulla. Sassafras Pith.
The pith of the stems of Sassafras officinale (Nees5 Laurin.).
Sassafras Radicis Cortex. Bark of Sassafras Root.
The hark of the root of Sassafras officinale (Nees, Laurin.).
Sc ammonium. Scammony.
The concrete juice of the root of Convolvu- lus Scammonia.
40
MATERIA MEDICA.
Scilla. Squill .
The bulb of Scilla maritima.
Senega. Senekci.
The root of Polygala Senega.
Senna. Senna.
The leaflets of Cassia acutifolia (JDelile ), of Cassia obovata (De Candolle ), and of Cassia elongata (Lemaire, Journ . dePharm . vii, 345).
Serpentaria. Virginia Snakeroot.
The root of Aristolochia Serpentaria, of A. reticulata, and of other species of Aristolochia.
Sevum. Suet.
The prepared suet of Ovis Aries.
Sxnapis. Mustard.
The seeds of Sinapis nigra, and of Sinapis alba.
Soda: A get as. Acetate of Soda.
In white or colourless crystals, which effloresce in a dry air, and are wdiolly soluble in water. The solution yields no precipitate with carbonate of soda, chloride of platinum, or chloride of barium, and, if dilute, is not pre- cipitated by nitrate of silver. The salt is decomposed by sulphuric acid, with the production of an acetous odour.
MATERIA MEDICA.
41
Soda: Boras. Borate of Soda.
Syn. Borax .
Biborate of soda.
In colourless crystals, which slightly effloresce in a dry air, and are wholly soluble in wTater. The solution has an alkaline reaction. Sulphuric acid, added to the saturated solution, precipitates scaly crystals, which im- part a green colour to the flame of burning alcohol.
Soda: Cardonas. Carbonate of Soda.
When fresh, in colourless crystals, w’hich speedily effloresce on exposure to the air, and fall into a white powder. It is very soluble in water, and insoluble in al- cohol. Its solution has an alkaline reaction, and is de- composed with effervescence by acids. The precipitate produced with its solution by chloride of barium is wholly soluble in nitric acid.
Soda: Sulphas. Sulphate of Soda.
In colourless crystals, which rapidly effloresce on ex- posure to the air, and ultimately fall into a white pow- der. It is wholly dissolved by water. The solution does not alter the colour of turmeric or litmus. With chloride of barium it yields a white precipitate insoluble in nitric acid. A dilute solution yields little or no pre- cipitate with nitrate of silver. Of the crystals 100 grains lose 55*5 grains by a strong heat.
Sodii Chloridum. Chloride of Sodium .
Syn. Common Salt.
Chloride of Sodium is white, not deliquescent, and
42
MATERIA MEDICA.
almost equally soluble in cold and boiling water. Its solution yields no precipitate with carbonate of soda, chloride of barium, or ferrocyanuret of potassium.
Spigelia. Pinkroot.
The root of Spigelia Marilandica.
Spirit us Yini Gallicx. Brandy.
Spirit obtained from French wine by distilla- tion.
Spongia. Sponge.
Spongia officinalis.
Stannum. Tin.
The specific gravity of this metal is 7*29. When treated with nitric acid, at a gentle heat, it is converted into a white powder. It is wholly dissolved by chlorohy- dric acid, with the aid of heat, forming a colourless so- lution, which is rendered purple by chloride of gold. Its solution in nitromuriatic acid yields a white precipi- tate with ferrocyanuret of potassium, and no precipitate with sulphate of magnesia.
Statice. Marsh Rosemary.
The root of Statice Caroliniana (Walter, Flor. Car.).
Stillingia. Queen's-root.
The root of Stillingia sylvatica.
Stramonii Folia. Stramonium Leaves.
The leaves of Datura Stramonium.
MATERIA MEDICA.
43
Stramonii Radix. Stramonium Root .
The root of Datura Stramonium.
Stramonii Semen. Stramonium Seed .
The seeds of Datura Stramonium.
Styrax. Storax.
The concrete juice of Styrax officinale. Succinum. Amber.
Sulphur. Sulphur.
Sublimed sulphur.
Sulphur is wholly volatilized by heat.
Sulphur Lotum. Washed Sulphur.
Sublimed sulphur, thoroughly washed with water.
Washed Sulphur is wholly volatilized by heat, and when moistened with water does not change the colour of litmus.
Tabacum. Tobacco.
The leaves of Nicotiana Tabacum.
Tamarind u s . Tamarinds.
The preserved fruit of Tamarindus Indica. Tapioca. Tapioca.
The fecula of the root of Janipha Manihot (. Bot . Mag. 3071).
Taraxacum. Dandelion.
The root of Leontodon Taraxacum.
44*
MATERIA MEDICA.
Terebinthina. Turpentine .
The juice of Pinus palustris, and of other species of Pinus.
Terebinthina Canadensis. Canada Turpentine. Syn. Canada Balsam. Balsam of Fir.
The juice of Abies balsamea (Lindley, Flor. Med.).
Testa. Oyster-shell.
The shells of Ostrea edulis.
Tragacantha. Tragacanth .
The concrete juice of Astragalus verus (Oli- vier, Voyage dans V Empire Ottoman).
Ulmus. Slippery Elm Bark.
The inner bark of Ulmus fulva ( Michaux ).
Uva Pass a. Raisins.
The dried fruit of Yitis vinifera.
Uva Ursi. Uva Ursi .
The leaves of Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi (Spren- gel, Syst. ii. 287).
Y aeeriana. Valerian.
The root of Valeriana officinalis.
Veratrum Album. White Hellebore.
The rhizoma of Veratrum album.
MATERIA MEDXCA.
45
Veratrum Yiride. American Hellebore .
The rhizoma of Yeratrum viride.
Yinum Album. White Wine .
Yinum, U. S. Ph 1840.
Sherry wine.
Vinum Rub rum. Red Wine .
Port wine.
Zincum. Zinc .
The specific gravity of this metal is 6*8. It is almost entirely dissolved by dilute sulphuric acid, forming a colourless solution, which yields white precipitates with ferroc.yanuret of potassium and sulphohydrate of ammo- nia. Ammonia throws down from this solution a white precipitate, which is wholly dissolved when the alkali is added in excess.
Zingiber. Ginger .
The rhizoma of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe. Trans . Lin. Soc .).
SECONDARY LIST
Aletris. Star Grass .
The root of Aletris farinosa.
Angelica. Angelica .
The root and herb of Angelica atropurpnrea.
•
Apocynum And ro s ;em i f o l i um. Dog's-bane. The root of Apocynum androsaemifolium.
Apocynum Cannabinum. Indian Hemp .
The root of Apocynum cannabinum.
Aralia Nudicaulis. False Sarsaparilla.
The root of Aralia nudicaulis.
Aralia Spinosa. Angelica-tree Bark .
The bark of Aralia spinosa.
Arnica. Leopard ’ s-bane .
The flowers of Arnica montana.
Arum. Dragon - root .
Syn. Indian Turnip.
The cormus of Arum triphyllum.
48
MATERIA MEDICA.
As arum. Canada Snakeroot.
Syn. Wild dinger.
The root of Asarum Canadense.
Asclepias Incarnata. Flesh-coloured Asclepias . The root of Asclepias incarnata.
Asclepias Syriac a. Common Silk-iveed.
The root of Asclepias Syriaca.
Asclepias Tuberosa. Butterfly -weed.
The root of Asclepias tuberosa.
Azedarach. Azedarach .
The bark of the root of Melia Azedarach.
Carota. Carrot Seed.
The fruit of Daucus Carota.
Carthamus. Dyers' Saffron .
The flowers of Carthamus tinctorius.
Castanea. Chinquapin.
The bark of Castanea pumila.
Cataria. Catnep.
The leaves of Nepeta Cataria.
Contrayerva. Contrayerva.
The root of Dorstenia Contrayerva.
Convolvulus Panduratus. Wild Potato .
The root of Convolvulus panduratus.
\
/
MATERIA MEDICA.
49
Coptis. Goldthread
The root of Coptis trifolia.
Cornus Cxrcinata. Round-leaved Dogwood . The bark of Cornus circinata.
Cornus Sericea. Swamp Dogwood .
The bark of Cornus sericea.
Cotula. Mayweed.
The herb of Anthemis Cotula.
Curcuma. Turmeric.
The rhizoma of Curcuma longa.
Cydonium. Quince Seed.
The seeds of Cydonia vulgaris (Persoon, Enchir. ii. 40).
Delphinium. Larkspur.
The root of Delphinium Consolida.
Dio spyro s . Persimmon.
The unripe fruit of Diospyros Virginiana.
Dracontium. Skunk Cabbage .
The root of Dracontium fcetidum — Ictodes fcetidus (Bigelow), Symplocarpus foetidus (Barton, Med. Bot.).
Erigeron Canadense. Canada Fleabane .
The herb of Erigeron Canadense.
4
50
MATERIA MEDICA.
Erigeron Heterophyleum. Various-leaved Flea- bane.
The herb of Erigeron heterophyllum.
Erigeron Philadelphicum. Philadelphia Flea- bane.
The herb of Erigeron Philadelphicum.
Eryngium. Button Snakeroot .
The root of Eryngium aquaticum. Erythronium. Erythronium.
The root and herb of Erythronium Ameri- canum (Bigelow, Amer. Med. Botany ).
Euphorbia Corollata. Large- flowering Spurge. The root of Euphorbia corollata.
Euphorbia Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha Spurge. The root of Euphorbia Ipecacuanha.
Extractum Cannabis. Extract of Hemp.
An alcoholic extract of the dried tops of Cannabis sativa — variety Indica.
Filix Mas. Male Fern.
The rhizoma of Aspidium Filix mas.
Frasera. American Columbo.
The root of Frasera W alteri ( Michaux ).
Gentian a Catesbjei. Blue Gentian .
The root of Gentiana Catesbaei (Elliot).
MATERIA MEDICA.
51
Geum. Water Averts.
The root of Geum rivale.
Helianthemum. Frostwort.
The herb of Helianthemum Canadense (Mi- chaux).
Hepatica. Liverwort.
The leaves of Hepatica Americana ( De Can- dolle).
■ V
H e r a c le um . Masterwort.
The root of Heracleum lanatum ( Michaux ).
Heuchera. Alum-root.
The root of Heuchera Americana.
Inula. Elecampane.
The root of Inula Helenium.
Iris Florentina. Florentine Orris.
The rhizoma of Iris Florentina.
Iris Versicolor. Blue Flag.
The rhizoma of Iris versicolor.
Juniperus Virginiana. Red Cedar.
The tops of Juniperus Virginiana.
Lappa. Burdock.
The root of Lappa minor (Z?e Candolle ).
Liriodendron. Tulip-tree Bark.
The bark of Liriodendron tulipifera.
52 MATERIA MEDICA.
Lyc opus. Bugle-weed .
The herb of Lycopus Virginicus ( Michaux ).
Macis. Mace .
The arillus of the fruit of Myristica moschata.
Magnolia. Magnolia .
The bark of Magnolia glauca, Magnolia acu- minata, and Magnolia tripetala.
Marrubium. Horehound .
The herb of Marrubium vulgare.
Matricaria. German Chamomile .
The flowers of Matricaria Chamomilla.
Melissa. Balm .
The herb of Melissa officinalis.
Mucuna. Cowhage.
The bristles of the pods of Mucuna pruriens (Be Candolle ).
Oleum Cajuputi. Cajeput Oil.
The volatile oil of the leaves of Melaleuca Cajuputi (Roxburgh, Trans. Lond. Medico - Bot. Society).
Oleum Sesami. Benne Oil.
The oil of the seeds of Sesamum Indicum, and of Sesamum orientale.
*
MATERIA MEDICA.
58
Panax. Ginseng .
The root of Panax quinquefolium.
Pareira. Pareira Brava .
The root of Cissampelos Pareira.
Petroselinum. Parsley Root .
The root of Petroselinum sativum (Lindley, Flor . Med.).
Phytolacca: Bacca:. Poke Berries .
The berries of Phytolacca decandra. Phytolacca: Radix. Poke Root .
The root of Phytolacca decandra.
Polygala Rubella. Bitter Poly gala.
The root and herb of Polygala rubella. Prinos. Black Jllder.
The hark of Prinos verticillatus. Pyrethrum. Pellitory.
The root of Anacyclus Pyrethrum (. Be Can -
Ranunculus. Crowfoot.
The cormus and herb of Ranunculus bul- bosus.
Rhus Glabrum. Sumach .
The fruit of Rhus glabrum.
Rubia. Madder.
The root of Rubia tinctorum.
54
MATERIA MEDICA.
Rubus Trivialis. Dewberry-root .
The root of Rubus trivialis ( Michaux ).
Rubus Villosus. Blackberry-root .
The root of Rubus villosus.
Rumex Britanxica. Water Dock .
The root of Rumex Britannica.
Rumex Obtusifolius. Blunt-leaved Dock .
The root of Rumex obtusifolius.
Ruta. Rue.
The leaves of Ruta graveolens.
Salix. Willow.
The bark of Salix alba.
Salvia. Sage.
The leaves of Salvia officinalis.
Sambucus. Elder Flowers.
The flowers of Sambucus Canadensis.
Scoparius. Broom.
The fresh tops of Cytisus Scoparius (Z)e Candolle).
Sesami Folia. Benne Leaves.
Sesamum, U. S. Ph ., 1840.
The leaves of Sesamum Indicum, and of Sesa- mum orientale.
MATERIA MEDICA.
55
Simaruba. Simaruba.
The bark of the root of Simaruba officinalis (Be Candolle ),
Solidago. Golden-rod .
The leaves of Solidago odora.
Spiraea. Hardback .
The root of Spiraea tomentosa.
Tanacetum. Tansy.
The herb of Tanacetum vulgare.
Tormentilla. Tormentil.
The root of Potentilla Tormentilla (Be Can -
Toxicodendron. Poison-oak.
The leaves of Rhus Toxicodendron.
Triosteum. Fever-root.
The root of Triosteum perfoliatum.
Viola. Violet.
The herb of Viola pedata.
Wintera. Winter's Bark.
The bark of Drimys Winteri (Be Candolle ).
Xanthorrhiza. Yellow-root.
The root of Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. Xanthoxylum. Prickly Jlsh .
The bark of Xanthoxylum fraxineum.
PREPARATIONS.
PREPARATIONS.
A C E T A.
Acetum Destillatum.
Distilled Vinegar .
Take of Vinegar a gallon.
Distil the Vinegar, by means of a sand-bath, from a glass retort into a glass receiver. Discon- tinue the process when seven pints have been dis- tilled, and keep these for use.
Distilled Vinegar is wholly volatilized by heat, yields no pre- cipitate with acetate of lead or nitrate of silver, and does not change colour upon the addition of sulphohydric acid or ammo- nia. If silver be digested in it, and chlorohydric acid after- wards added, no precipitate will be produced. One fluidounce is saturated by about 35 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of potassa.
Acetum Colchici.
Vinegar of Colchicum.
Take of Colchicum Root, bruised, two ounces;
Diluted Acetic Acid two pints.
60
ACETA.
Macerate the Colchicum Root with the Diluted Acetic Acid, in a close glass vessel, for seven days ; then express the liquor, and set it by that the dregs may subside; lastly, pour off the clear liquor.
Vinegar of Colchicum may also he prepared by macerating the Colchicum Root, in coarse powder, with a pint of Diluted Acetic Acid for two days, then putting the mixture into a percolator, and gradually pouring upon it Diluted Acetic Acid until the quantity of filtered liquor equals two pints.
In the above processes, Distilled Vinegar may be substituted for Diluted Acetic Acid.
Acetum Opii.
Vinegar of Opium .
[Black Drop.)
Take of Opium, in coarse powder, eight ounces ; Nutmeg, in coarse powder, an ounce and a half ;
Saffron half an ounce ;
Sugar twelve ounces ;
Diluted Acetic Acid a sufficient quan- tity.
ACETA.
61
Digest the Opium, Nutmeg, and Saffron with a pint and a half of the Diluted Acetic Acid, on a sand-bath, with a gentle heat, for forty-eight hours, and strain. Digest the residue with an equal quantity of the Diluted Acetic Acid, in the same manner, for twenty-four hours. Then put the whole into a percolator, and return the filtered liquor, as it passes, until it comes away quite clear. When the filtration has ceased, pour Diluted Acetic Acid gradually upon the materials remain- ing in the instrument, until the whole quantity of filtered liquor equals three pints. Lastly, add the Sugar, and, by means of a water-bath, evaporate to three pints and four fluidounces.
In the above process, Distilled Vinegar may be substituted for Diluted Acetic Acid.
ACETUM SciLEiE.
Vinegar of Squill .
Take of Squill, bruised, four ounces ;
Diluted Acetic Acid two pints. Macerate the Squill with the Diluted Acetic Acid, in a close glass vessel, for seven days ; then express the liquor, and set it by that the dregs may subside ; lastly, pour off the clear liquor.
62
ACIDA.
Vinegar of Squill may also be prepared by macerating the Squill, in coarse powder, with a pint of Diluted Acetic Acid for two days, then putting the mixture into a percolator, and gradually pouring upon it Diluted Acetic Acid until the quantity of filtered liquor equals two pints.
In the above processes, Distilled Vinegar may be substituted for Diluted Acetic Acid.
ACIDA.
Acidijm Acetic um Dieutum. » Diluted Jlcetic Acid.
Take of Acetic Acid a pint ;
Distilled Water seven pints.
Mix them.
Diluted Acetic Acid has the specific gravity 1*004 ; and 100 grains of it saturate 7*5 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of potassa. It is affected by reagents in the same manner as Acetic Acid. (See Acidum Aceticum.)
Acidum Benzoicum.
Benzoic Acid.
Take of Benzoin, in coarse powder, a pound. Put the Benzoin into a suitable vessel, and, by
ACIDA.
63
means of a sand-bath, with a gradually increasing heat, sublime until vapours cease to rise. Free the sublimed matter from oil by pressure in bibulous paper, and again sublime.
Benzoic Acid, thus obtained, is in white feathery crystals, of an agreeable odour, fusible, wholly volatilizable if cautiously heated, sparingly soluble in cold water, more soluble in boil- ing water, which deposites it on cooling, very soluble in alco- hol, and dissolved by solutions of potassa, soda, ammonia, and lime, from which it is precipitated by chlorohydric acid.
Acidum Gallicum.
Gallic Acid .
Take of Galls, in powder, three pounds ;
Distilled Water,
Animal Charcoal, each, . a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Galls with sufficient Distilled Water to form a thin paste, and expose the mixture to the air, in a shallow glass or porcelain vessel, in a warm place, for a month, occasionally stirring it with a glass rod, and adding from time to time sufficient Distilled Water to preserve the semi-fluid consistence. Then submit the paste to expression, and, rejecting the expressed liquor, boil the residue in a gallon of Distilled Water for a few minutes,
64
ACID A.
and filter while hot through Animal Charcoal. Set the hot liquor aside that crystals may form, which may be dried on bibulous paper. If the crystals be not sufficiently free from colour, they may be purified by dissolving them in boiling Distilled Water, filtering through a fresh portion of Animal Charcoal, and crystallizing.
Gallic Acid is in small, silky, nearly colourless crystals, having a slightly acid and astringent taste. It is dissolved by 3 parts of boiling and 100 parts of cold water. The solu- tion reddens litmus, and does not produce a precipitate with a solution of gelatin or of sulphate of protoxide of iron. With solutions of the salts of sesquioxide of iron it occasions a bluish- black precipitate, the colour of which disappears when the liquid is heated. It is decomposed by a strong heat, and en- tirely dissipated when thrown on red-hot iron.
Acidum Hydrocyanicum Diluttjm.
Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid .
Acidum Hydrocyanicum, U. S. Ph ., 1840.
Take of Ferrocyanuret of Potassium two ounces ; Sulphuric Acid an ounce and a half ; Distilled Water a sufficient quantity. Mix the Acid with four fluidounces of Distilled Water, and pour the mixture, when cool, into a glass retort. To this add the Ferrocyanuret of
ACIDA.
65
Potassium, previously dissolved in ten fluidounces of Distilled Water. Pour eight fluidounces of Distilled Water into a cooled receiver, and, having attached this to the retort, distil, by means of a sand-bath, with a moderate heat, six fluidounces. Lastly, add to the product five fluidounces of Dis- tilled Water, or as much as may be sufficient to render the Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid of such a strength, that 12*7 grains of nitrate of silver, dis- solved in distilled water, may be accurately satu- rated by 100 grains of the Acid.
Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid may also be pre- pared, when wanted for immediate use, in the fol- lowing manner.
Take of Cyanuretof Silver fifty grains and a half ;
Muriatic Acid forty-one grains ;
Distilled Water a fluidounce.
Mix the Muriatic Acid with the Distilled Water, add the Cyanuret of Silver, and shake the whole in a well-stopped vial. When the insolu- ble matter has subsided, pour off the clear liquor, and keep it for use.
Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid should be kept in closely stopped bottles from which the light is excluded.
66
ACIDA.
Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid is colourless, of a peculiar odour, and wholly volatilizable by heat. It imparts a slight and evanes- cent red colour to litmus, and is not discoloured by sulphohy- dric acid. With solution of nitrate of silver, added in slight excess, 100 grains of it produce a white precipitate, which, when washed with water until the washings are tasteless, and then dried at a temperature not exceeding 212°, weighs 10 grains, and is wholly dissolved by boiling nitric acid. The Diluted Acid, prepared according to the above processes, con- tains two per cent, of anhydrous acid.
Acidum Muriatic um Dilutum.
Diluted Muriatic Acid.
Take of Muriatic Acid four fluidounces;
Distilled Water twelve fluidounces. Mix them in a glass vessel.
The specific gravity of Diluted Muriatic Acid is 1*046.
Acidum Nitricum Dilutum.
Diluted Nitric Acid.
Take of Nitric Acid a fluidounce;
Distilled Water six fluidounces.
Mix them in a glass vessel.
The specific gravity of Diluted Nitric Acid is 1*07 ; and 100 grains of it saturate 20 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of potassa.
ACIDA.
67
Acidum Nitromuriaticum. Nitromuriatic Acid.
Take of Nitric Acid four fluidounces ;
Muriatic Acid eight fluidounces.
Mix them in a glass vessel, and, when effer- vescence has ceased, keep the product in a well- stopped glass bottle, in a cool and dark place.
Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum,
Aromatic Sulphuric Acid.
( Elixir of Vitriol .)
Take of Sulphuric Acid three fluidounces and a half;
Ginger, in coarse powder, an ounce ;
Cinnamon, in coarse powder, an ounce and a half ;
Alcohol a sufficient quantity.
Add the Acid gradually to a pint of the Alco- hol, and allow the liquor to cool. Mix the Ginger and Cinnamon, and, having put them into a perco- lator, pour Alcohol gradually upon them until a pint of filtered liquor is obtained. Lastly, mix the diluted acid and the tincture.
68
ACIDA.
Actdum Sulphtjricum Dilutum.
Diluted Sulphuric Acid .
Take of Sulphuric Acid a fluidounce;
Distilled Water thirteen fluidounces. Add the Acid gradually to the Water, in a glass vessel, and mix them.
The specific gravity of this acid is 1*09 ; and 100 grains of it saturate 25 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of potassa.
Acidum Tannic um.
Tannic Acid .
Take of Galls, in powder,
Ether, each, a sufficient quantity.
Put into a glass adapter, loosely closed at its lower end with carded cotton, sufficient powdered Galls to fill about one half of it, and press the powder slightly. Then fit the adapter accurately to the mouth of a receiving vessel, fill it with Ether, previously washed with water, and close the upper orifice so as to prevent the escape of the Ether by evaporation. The liquid which passes separates into two unequal portions, of which the lower is much smaller in quantity and much denser than the upper. When the Ether ceases to
ACID A.
69
pass, pour fresh portions upon the Galls, until the lower stratum of liquid in the receiving vessel no longer increases. Then separate this from the upper, put it into a capsule, and evaporate with a moderate heat to dryness. Lastly, rub what re- mains into powder.
The upper portion of liquid will yield by dis- tillation a quantity of ether, which, when washed with water, may be employed in a subsequent operation.
Tannic Acid is of a yellowish-white colour, and of a strongly astringent taste. It is decomposed and entirely dispersed when thrown on red-hot iron. It is very soluble in water, and less soluble in alcohol and in ether. Its solution reddens litmus, produces with solution of gelatin a white flocculent precipitate, with the salts of the sesquioxide of iron a bluish-black preci- pitate, and with solutions of the vegetable alkalies, white pre- cipitates very soluble in acetic acid.
70
ACONITIA.
ACONITIA.
Aconitia.
Aconitia.
Take of Aconite Root, bruised, two pounds; Alcohol three gallons ;
Diluted Sulphuric Acid,
Solution of Ammonia,
Purified Animal Charcoal, each, a suf- ficient quantity.
Boil the Aconite Root with a gallon of the Al- cohol, in a distillatory apparatus, for an hour. Pour off the liquor, and boil the Root in the same manner, and for the same length of time, with another gallon of the Alcohol and the portion dis- tilled. Again pour off the liquor, boil as before with the remaining gallon of the Alcohol and the portion distilled, and decant. Submit the residue to expression, mix all the liquors, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate, by means of a water-bath, to the consistence of an extract. Treat this w ith distilled water, filter the resulting solution, and evaporate with a gentle heat to the consistence of syrup. To the residue add as much Diluted Sulphuric Acid, mixed with distilled water, as may be suffi-
iETHEREA.
71
dent to dissolve the Aconitia. Precipitate this with Solution of Ammonia, and dissolve the preci- pitate in Diluted Sulphuric Acid mixed with dis- tilled water as before. Mix the Animal Charcoal with the solution, shake the mixture frequently for fifteen minutes, filter, again precipitate the Aconitia with Solution of Ammonia, and, lastly, wash it with water, and dry it.
Aconitia, thus obtained, is white with a tinge of yellow, without smell, and of a bitter acrid taste, accompanied with a sense of numbness. It melts at a moderate heat, and, at a high temperature, is decomposed and entirely dissipated, yielding the smell of ammonia. It requires 150 parts of cold, and 50 of boiling water for solution, and is readily dissolved by alco- hol and ether. It neutralizes the acids, forming with them un- erystallizable salts.
jETHERE A.
iETHER.
Ether .
iEther Sulphuricus, US. Ph ., 1840. Take of Alcohol four pints ;
Sulphuric Acid a pint;
Potassa six drachms;
Distilled Water three fluidounces.
72
iETHEREA.
To two pints of the Alcohol, in an open vessel, add gradually fourteen fluidounces of the Acid, stirring them frequently. Pour the mixture, while still hot, into a tubulated glass retort, placed upon a sand-bath, and connected by a long adapter with a receiver kept cold by ice or water ; then raise the heat quickly until the liquid begins to boil. When about half a pint of ethereal liquid has passed over, introduce gradually into the re- tort the remainder of the Alcohol, previously mixed with two fluidounces of the Acid, taking care that the mixture shall enter in a continuous stream, and in such quantity as shall supply the place, as nearly as possible, of the liquid which distils over. This may be accomplished by con- necting a vessel containing the alcoholic liquid with the retort, by means of a tube, provided with a stop-cock to regulate the discharge, and passing nearly to the bottom of the retort, through a cork accurately fitted into the tubulure. When all the Alcohol has been thus added, continue the dis- tillation until about three pints have passed over, or until white vapours appear in the retort.
To the product thus obtained add the Potassa previously dissolved in the Distilled Water, and
2ETHEREA.
73
shake them frequently. At the end of twenty- four hours, pour off from the alkaline solution the supernatant ether, introduce it into a retort, and, with a gentle heat, distil until two pints have passed over, or until the distilled liquid has the specific gravity 0*750.
Ether wholly evaporates in the air. It does not redden lit- mus. Shaken with an equal bulk of water, it loses about one-tenth of its volume.
Oleum /Ethereum.
Ethereal Oil.
Take of Alcohol two pints;
Sulphuric Acid three pints;
Solution of Potassa half a tluidounce ;
Distilled Water a tluidounce.
Mix the Acid cautiously with the Alcohol, and allow the mixture to stand for twelve hours ; then pour it into a large glass retort to which a receiver kept cool by ice or water is adapted, and distil by means of a sand-bath until a black froth rises, when the retort is to be removed immediately from the sand-bath. Separate the lighter super- natant liquid in the receiver from the heavier, and expose it to the air for a day ; then add to it the
74
iETHEREA.
Solution of Potassa previously mixed with the Distilled Water, and shake them together. Lastly, separate the Ethereal Oil as soon as it has sub- sided.
The specific gravity of Ethereal Oil is 1*096. It is volatile, of a yellowish colour and peculiar odour, very sparingly solu- ble in water, but readily dissolved by alcohol or ether, and does not change the colour of litmus.
SpiRITUS iETHERIS CoMPOSXTXJS.
Compound Spirit of Ether .
Spiritus AEtheris Sulphurici Compositus, U. S. Ph .,
1840.
(Hoffmann’’ s Anodyne Liquor.)
Take of Ether half a pint ;
Alcohol a pint;
Ethereal Oil three fluidrachms.
Mix them.
Compound Spirit of Ether is of the specific gravity 0*816, has the peculiar odour of Ethereal Oil, is wholly volatilized by heat, does not change the coloifr of litmus, and assumes a milky appearance when mixed with water.
Spiritus jEtiieris Nitric i.
Spirit of Nitric Ether .
(Spiritus Nitri Dulcis. — Siveet Spirit of JYitre.)
Take of Nitrate of Potassa, in coarse powder, twro pounds ;
2ETHEREA.
Sulphuric Acid a pound and a half;
Alcohol nine pints and a half;
/
Diluted Alcohol a pint;
Carbonate of Potassa an ounce.
Mix the Nitrate of Potassa and the Alcohol in a large glass retort, and, having gradually poured in the Acid, digest with a gentle heat for two hours ; then raise the heat and distil a gallon. To the distilled liquor add the Diluted Alcohol and Carbonate of Potassa, and again distil a gallon.
Spirit of Nitric Ether is of the specific gravity 0-834, is co- lourless, has a peculiar odour, slightly reddens litmus, does not effervesce with carbonate of soda, and, if heated by means of a water-bath to 160°, begins to boil.
Chlorofo rmum.
Chloroform .
Take of Chlorinated Lime ten pounds;
Water three gallons and a half;
Alcohol two pints.
Mix the Chlorinated Lime first with the Water, and then with the Alcohol, in a distillatory vessel having the capacity of about six gallons. Distil with a brisk heat into a refrigerated receiver, and, when the temperature approaches to 176°, with-
76
iETHEREA.
draw the fire, in order that the distillation may proceed by the heat derived solely from the re- action of the materials. When the distillation slackens, hasten it by a fresh application of heat, and continue to distil until the liquid ceases to come over with a sweet taste. Separate the heavier layer of liquid in the receiver from the lighter by decantation, and, having washed it first with water, and then with a weak solution of car- bonate of soda, agitate it thoroughly with pow-
’j
dered chloride of calcium, and distil it off by means of a water-bath, stopping the distillation when eleven-twelfths of the liquid have come over. The residue, together with the light liquid of the first distillation, may be reserved for use in a second operation.
Chloroform is a colourless liquid, volatile, not inflammable, of a bland ethereal odour, and hot, aromatic saccharine taste. Its specific gravity is 1*49, and boiling point 142°. It is slightly soluble in water, but freely so in alcohol and in ether. Mixed with an equal volume of sulphuric acid, it does not as- sume a reddish-brown colour, nor is the acid discoloured. When dropped into a cold mixture of equal weights of sulphuric acid and water, it sinks to the bottom. If a small quantity be added to distilled water, it forms transparent globules under the water, without assuming a milky appearance.
2ETHEREA.
77
COLLODTUM.
Collodion .
Take of Cotton, freed from impurities, and finely carded, half an ounce ;
Nitrate of Potassa, in powder, ten ounces ;
Sulphuric Acid eight fluidounces and a half ;
Ether two pints and a half;
Alcohol a fluidounce.
Add the Sulphuric Acid to the Nitrate of Po- tassa in a Wedgwood mortar, and triturate them until uniformly mixed ; then add the Cotton, and, by means of the pestle and a glass rod, imbue it thoroughly with the mixture for four minutes. Transfer the Cotton to a vessel containing water, and wash it, in successive portions, by agitation and pressure, until the washings cease to have an acid taste, or to be precipitated on the addition of chloride of barium. Having separated the fibres by picking, dry the cotton with a gentle heat, dissolve it by agitation in the Ether previously mixed with the Alcohol, and strain. Collodion should be kept in closely stopped bottles previously well dried.
T8
ALCOHOL.— ALUMEN.
, '■ *
ALCOHOL.
Alcohol, Dilutum. Diluted Alcohol.
Take of Alcohol,
Distilled Water, each, a pint. Mix them.
The specific gravity of Diluted Alcohol is 0*935.
ALUMEN.
Alumen Exsiccatum.
Dried Alum.
Take of Alum, in coarse powder, a convenient quantity.
Melt it in a shallow iron or earthen vessel, and maintain it at a moderate heat until ebullition ceases, and it becomes dry ; then rub it into powder.
AMMONIA.
T9
AMMONIA.
Liquor Ammonlk.
Solution of Ammonia.
(Aqua Ammonite. — Water of Ammonia.)
Take of Muriate of Ammonia, in fine powder, Lime, each, a pound ;
Distilled Water a pint ;
Water nine fluidounces.
Break the Lime in pieces, and pour the Water upon it in an earthen or iron vessel ; then cover the vessel, and set it aside till the Lime falls into powder and becomes cold. Mix this thoroughly with the Muriate of Ammonia in a mortar, and immediately introduce the mixture into a glass retort. Place the retort upon a sand-bath, and adapt to it a receiver, previously connected, by means of a glass tube, with a quart bottle contain- ing the Distilled Water. Then apply heat, to be gradually increased till the bottom of the iron vessel containing the sand becomes red-hot ; and continue the process so long as ammonia comes over. Remove the liquor contained in the quart bottle, and for every fluidounce of it add three and a half fiuidrachms of Distilled Water, or so
80
AMMONIA.
much as may be necessary to raise its specific gravity to 0*960. Keep the solution in small bot- tles well stopped.
Solution of Ammonia may also be prepared by mixing one part, by measure, of Stronger Solution of Ammonia with two parts of Distilled Water.
The specific gravity of Solution of Ammonia is 0*960, and 100 grains of it saturate 30 grains of officinal sulphuric acid. In other respects it agrees in properties with Stronger Solution of Ammonia. (See Liquor Ammonia Fortior.)
Spirit us Ammomje.
Spirit of Ammonia .
Take of Muriate of Ammonia, in fine powder, Lime, each, a pound;
Alcohol twenty fluidounces ;
Water nine fluidounces.
Slake the Lime with the Water, mix it with the Muriate of Ammonia, and proceed in the manner directed for Solution of Ammonia, the Alcohol being introduced into the quart bottle instead of Distilled Water. When all the ammo- nia has come over, remove the liquor contained in the quart bottle, and keep it in small bottles well stopped.
AMMONIA.
81
Of Spirit of Ammonia 100 grains saturate about 30 grains of officinal sulphuric acid.
Spiritus Ammonia Aromaticus. Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia .
Take of Muriate of Ammonia five ounces : Carbonate of Potassa eight ounces ; Cinnamon, bruised,
Cloves, bruised, each, two drachms : Lemon Peel four ounces ;
Alcohol,
Water, each, five pints.
Mix them and distil seven pints and a half.
Liquor Ammonia: Acetatis.
Solution of Acetate of Ammonia .
(Spiritus Mindereri .—Spirit of Minder erus .)
Take of Diluted Acetic Acid two pints ;
Carbonate of Ammonia, in powder, a sufficient quantity.
Add the Carbonate of Ammonia gradually to the Acid until it is saturated.
This solution is colourless, and does not become coloured by the action of sulphohydric acid. It yields no precipitate with nitrate of silver or chloride of barium.
6
82
ANTIMONIUM.
Ammonite Carbonas.
Carbonate of Ammonia .
Take of Muriate of Ammonia a pound ;
Chalk, dried, a pound and a half.
Pulverize them separately; then mix them tho- roughly, and sublime with a gradually increasing heat.
Carbonate of Ammonia is in whitish, translucent masses, wholly dissipated by heat, of a pungent ammoniacal odour, and soluble without residue in water. On exposure to the air, it becomes opaque, falls into powder, and deteriorates by the loss of ammonia. When it is saturated by nitric acid, neither chlo- ride of barium nor nitrate of silver causes a precipitate.
ANTIMONIUM.
Antimonii et Potassa; Tartras. Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa.
( Tartar Emetic.)
Take of Sulphuret of Antimonyj in fine pow- der, four ounces ;
Muriatic Acid twenty-five ounces ; Nitric Acid two drachms ;
Water a gallon.
Having mixed the Acids together in a glass ves-
ANTIMONIUM.
83
sel, add by degrees the Sulphuret of Antimony, and digest the mixture, with a gradually increasing heat, till effervescence ceases ; then boil for an hour. Filter the liquor when it has become cold, and pour it into the Water. Wash the precipi- tated powder frequently with water, till it is en- tirely freed from acid, and then dry it.
Take of this powder two ounces ;
Bitartrate of Fotassa, in very fine pow- der, two ounces and a half ;
Distilled Water eighteen fluidounces.
Boil the Water in a glass vessel; then add the powders previously mixed together, and boil for an hour ; lastly, filter the liquor while hot, and set it aside to crystallize. By further evaporation, the liquor may be made to yield an additional quantity of crystals, which should be purified by a second crystallization.
Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa is in transparent crystals, which become white and opaque on exposure to the air. It is wholly soluble in twenty parts of water. Its solution does not yield a precipitate with chloride of barium, nor, if very dilute, with nitrate of silver. Sulphohydric acid produces with it an orange-red precipitate. A solution, containing one part in forty parts of water, is not disturbed by an equal volume of a solution of eight parts of acetate of lead in thirty- t\#o parts of water and fifteen of acetic acid.
84
ANTIMONIUM.
Vinum Antimonii.
Antimonial Wine-
Take of Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa a scruple ;
White Wine ten fluidounces.
Dissolve the Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa in the Wine.
Antimonii Sulphuretum Pra:cipitatum.
Precipitated Sulphur et of Antimony .
Take of Sulphuret of Antimony, in fine pow- der, six ounces ;
Solution of Potassa four pints ;
Distilled Water,
Diluted Sulphuric Acid, each, a suffi- cient quantity.
Mix the Sulphuret of Antimony with the Solu- tion of Potassa and twelve pints of Distilled Water, and boil them over a gentle fire for two hours, constantly stirring, and occasionally adding Dis- tilled Water so as to preserve the same measure. Strain the liquor immediately through a double linen cloth, and drop into it, while yet hot, Diluted Sulphuric Acid so long as it produces a precipitate; then wash away the sulphate of potassa with hot
AQUA.
85
water, dry the Precipitated Sulpliuret of Anti- mony, and rub it into a fine powder.
Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony is a reddish-brown, in- soluble powder. When treated with twelve times its weight of chlorohydric acid of the sp. gr. 1*16, with the aid of heat, it is nearly all dissolved, with effervescence of sulphohydric acid. The residue, after having been washed and dried, burns with the characters of sulphur, and leaves a scanty ash. The chlo- rohydric solution, when added to water, deposits a white pow- der. The liquor filtered from this powder yields an orange- red precipitate with sulphohydrate of ammonia. Water in which the preparation has been boiled should not yield a white precipitate with chloride of barium or oxalate of ammonia.
1 ikk i |1 I r M .
AQUA.
Aqua Destillata.
Distilled Water.
Take of Water ten gallons.
First distil two pints, and throw them away; then distil eight gallons. Keep the Distilled Wa- ter in glass bottles.
Distilled Water is colourless and inodorous, and when evapo- rated leaves no residue. It is not affected by lime-water, sul- phohydric acid, chloride of barium, nitrate of silver, or oxalate of ammonia.
86
AQUAE MEDICATE.
A Q U ^ MEDICATE.
Aqua Acidi Carbonici.
Carbonic Acid Water.
By means of a forcing pump, throw into a suitable receiver, nearly filled with Water, a quan- tity of carbonic acid equal to five times the hulk of the Water.
Carbonic acid is obtained from Marble by means of dilute sulphuric acid.
Carbonic Acid Water is not discoloured by sulphohydric acid or solution of ammonia, and yields no precipitate with sulphate of soda or ferrocyanuret of potassium.
Aqua Amygdala: A mar a.
Bitter Almond Water.
Take of Oil of Bitter Almonds sixteen minims;
Carbonate of Magnesia a drachm ;
Water two pints.
Proceed in the manner directed for Cinnamon Water.
I V . .
Aqua Camphora.
Camphor Water.
Take of Camphor two drachms ;
AQUiE MEDICATiE.
87
Alcohol forty minims ;
Carbonate of Magnesia four drachms ;
Distilled Water two pints.
Rub the Camphor first with the Alcohol, after- wards with the Carbonate of Magnesia, and lastly with the Water gradually added ; then filter through paper.
Aqua Cinnamomi.
Cinnamon Water.
Take of Oil of Cinnamon half a flu i drachm ; Carbonate of Magnesia a drachm ; Distilled Water two pints.
Rub the Oil of Cinnamon first with the Car- bonate of Magnesia, then with the Water gradu- ally added, and filter through paper.
In the same manner prepare
Aqua Fceniculi,
Fennel Water ,
From Oil of Fennel;
Aqua Menthje Piperita:, Peppermint Water ,
From Oil of Peppermint; and
88
ARGENTUM.
Aqua Mentha; Viridis,
Spearmint Water ,
From Oil of Spearmint.
Aqua Rosa:.
Rose Water.
Take of Fresh Hundred-leaved Roses eight pounds ;
Water two gallons.
Mix them and distil a gallon.
•* — ' *, ■ ’ / v • ' ' > 1 * " j • . c . .
ARGENTUM.
Argenti Cyanuretum.
Cyanuret of Silver.
Take of Nitrate of Silver,
Ferrocyanuret of Potassium, each, two ounces;
Sulphuric Acid an ounce and a half ; Distilled Water a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in a pint of Dis- tilled Water, and pour the solution into a tubulated glass receiver. Dissolve the Ferrocyanuret of Po- tassium in ten fluidounces of Distilled Water, and
#
ARGENTUM.
89
pour the solution into a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the receiver. Having mixed the Sulphuric Acid with four fluidounces of Dis- tilled Water, add the mixture to the solution in the retort, and distil, by means of a sand-bath, with a moderate heat, until six fluidounces pass over, or until the liquid that passes produces no longer a precipitate in the receiver. Finally, wash the precipitate with distilled water, and dry it.
Cyanuret of Silver is a white powder, insoluble in water and in cold nitric acid, but soluble in that acid at the boiling temperature. When heated it is decomposed, cyanogen being given off, and metallic silver remaining.
Argenti Nitras.
Nitrate of Silver .
Take of Silver, in small pieces, an ounce ;
Nitric Acid seven fluidrachms ;
Distilled Water two fluidounces.
Mix the Acid with the Water, and dissolve the Silver in the mixture, on a sand-bath, with a gentle heat. Pour off the clear solution into a porcelain capsule, and, having evaporated it to one- half, allow it to cool that crystals may form. Pour off the supernatant liquid, and, after due evapora-
90
ARGENTUM.
lion, put it aside for the formation of fresh crys- tals. Again pour off the liquid, and evaporate for a third crop of crystals. Lastly, place the crystals in a glass funnel, in order that they may drain, and, when they are dry, put them into a bottle, which is to be well stopped, and protected from the light.
The silver remaining in the mother water of the last crystallization may be obtained by intro- ducing into it a plate of copper, which will precipitate the whole of the silver in the form of a gray powder, which, when washed with water, will be perfectly pure.
Nitrate of Silver is a colourless, anhydrous salt, wholly so- luble in distilled water, and crystallizing in plates, W’hich are sometimes of considerable size. Its solution yields with chloride of sodium a white precipitate totally soluble in ammo- nia. When deprived of silver by chloride of sodium, and fil- tered, the solution is not coloured nor precipitated by sulpho- hydric acid.
Argenti Nitras Fuses.
Fused Nitrate of Silver.
Take of Silver, in small pieces, an ounce ; Nitric Acid seven fluidrachms; Distilled Water two fluidounces.
ARGENTUM.
91
Mix the Acid with the Water, and dissolve the Silver in the mixture, on a sand-bath, with a gen- tle heat; then gradually increase the heat, and evaporate to dryness. Melt the resulting salt in a crucible over a gentle fire, and continue the heat until ebullition ceases ; then immediately pour it into suitable moulds.
Fused Nitrate of Silver is at first white, but darkens on ex- posure to light. It is wholly soluble in distilled water. A solu- tion, containing 25 grains of the salt, yields with chloride of sodium about 21 grains of a white precipitate totally soluble in ammonia. Its characters with other tests are the same as those given under Nitrate of Silver.
Argenti Oxidum.
Oxide of Silver.
Take of Nitrate of Silver four ounces ;
Distilled Water half a pint;
Solution of Potassa a pint and a half, or a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in the Water, and to the solution add the Solution of Potassa, so long as it produces a precipitate. Wash the precipitate repeatedly with water until the washings are nearly tasteless. Lastly, dry the powder, and
92
ARSENICUM.
keep it in a well stopped bottle, protected from the light.
Oxide of Silver is an olive-brown powder, very slightly solu- ble in water. Exposed to heat it gives out oxygen, and is wholly converted into metallic silver. When it is dissolved in nitric acid, and the solution is precipitated by chloride of so- dium in excess, the supernatant liquid is not discoloured by sulphohydrate of ammonia.
ARSENICUM.
Arsenici Iodidum.
Iodide of Arsenic.
Take of Arsenic a drachm ;
Iodine five drachms.
Rub the Arsenic in a mortar until reduced to a very fine powder, free from metallic lustre ; then add the Iodine, and rub them together till they are thoroughly mixed. Put the mixture into a small flask or a test-tube, loosely stopped, and heat it very gently until liquefaction occurs. Then incline the vessel in different directions, in order that any portion of the Iodine, which may have condensed on its inner surface, may be returned
ARSENICUM.
93
into the fused mass. Lastly, pour the melted Iodide on a porcelain slab, and, when it is cold, break it into pieces, and put it into a bottle, which is to be well stopped.
Iodide of Arsenic is an orange-red, crystalline solid, entirely soluble in water, and wholly volatilized by heat.
Liquor Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi. Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury . Take of Iodide of Arsenic,
Red Iodide of Mercury, each, thirty- five grains ;
Distilled Water half a pint.
Rub the Iodides with half a fluidounce of the Water, and, when they have dissolved, add the remainder of the Water, heat to the boiling point, and filter.
Liquor Potassa; Arsenitis.
Solution of Arsenite of Potassa.
Take of Arsenious Acid, in small fragments,
Pure Carbonate of Potassa, each, sixty- four grains ;
Distilled Water a sufficient quantity:
94
BARIUM.
Compound Spirit of Lavender half a fluidounce.
Boil the Arsenious Acid and Carbonate of Po- tassa, in a glass vessel, with twelve fluidounces of Distilled Water till the Acid is entirely dissolved. To the solution, when cold, add the Spirit of La- vender, and afterwards sufficient Distilled Water to make it fill exactly the measure of a pint.
BARIUM.
Barix Chloridxjm.
Chloride of Barium .
(Barytac Murias. — Muriate of Baryta.)
Take of Carbonate of Baryta, in small frag- ments, a pound ;
Muriatic Acid twelve fluidounces ;
Water three pints.
Mix the Acid with the Water, and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. Towards the close of the effervescence apply a gentle heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the liquor, and evapo- rate so that crystals may form when it cools.
BISMUTHUM.
95
Chloride of Barium is wholly soluble in water. Its solution is not affected by ammonia or sulphohydric acid. When sul- phuric acid is added in excess, no further precipitate is produced on the addition of carbonate of soda.
Liquor Barix Chloridi.
Solution of Chloride of Barium.
Take of Chloride of Barium an ounce;
Distilled Water three fluidounces. Dissolve the Chloride of Barium in the Water, and filter.
BISMUTHUM.
Bismuths Surnitras.
Subnitrate of Bismuth .
Take of Bismuth, in fragments, an ounce;
Nitric Acid two fluidounces ;
Distilled Water a sufficient quantity.
Mix a fluidounce of Distilled Water with the Nitric Acid, and dissolve the Bismuth in the mix- ture. When the solution is complete, pour the clear liquor into three pints of Distilled Water, and set the mixture by, that the powder may sub-
96
CALX.
side. Lastly, having poured off the supernatant liquid, wash the Subnitrate of Bismuth with Dis- tilled Water, wrap it in bibulous paper, and dry it with a gentle heat.
Subnitrate of Bismuth is a white powder, which is black- ened by sulphohydric acid. It is dissolved, without efferves- cence, by nitric acid, forming a colourless solution, which does not yield a precipitate upon the addition of diluted sulphuric acid.
7 k “\ *• ' . 1 • / • * ■ r '
CALX.
Liquor Calcii Chloridx.
Solution of Chloride of Calcium .
( Solution of Muriate of Lime.)
Take of Marble, in fragments, nine ounces ;
Muriatic Acid a pint ;
Distilled Water a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Acid with half a pint of the Distilled Water, and gradually add the Marble. Towrards the close of the effervescence apply a gentle heat, and, when the action has ceased, pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in its weight and a half of Distilled Water, and filter the solution.
CALX.
97
Liquor Calcis.
Lime-water .
Take of Lime four ounces ;
Distilled Water a gallon.
Upon the Lime, first slaked with a little of the Water, pour the remainder of the Water, and stir them together ; then immediately cover the vessel, and set it aside for three hours. Keep the solu- tion, together with the undissolved Lime, in stopped glass bottles, and pour off the clear liquor when wanted for use.
Water free from saline or other obvious impu- rity, though not distilled, may be employed in this process.
Calcis Carbonas Pill cum tat is. Precipitated Carbonate of Lime .
Take of Solution of Chloride of Calcium five pints and a half;
Carbonate of Soda six pounds ; Distilled Water a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the Carbonate of Soda in six pints of Distilled Water. Heat this solution and the Solu- tion of Chloride of Calcium, separately, to the boil- ing point, and mix them. After the precipitate 7
98
CALX.
has subsided, pour off the supernatant liquid, wash the precipitate repeatedly with Distilled Water, and dry it on bibulous paper.
Precipitated Carbonate of Lime is a very fine white powder, free from grittiness, insoluble in water, but wholly soluble in dilute chlorohydric acid, with copious effervescence of carbonic acid gas.
Greta Prjeparata.
Prepared Chalk .
Take of Chalk a convenient quantity.
Add a little water to the Chalk, and rub it into a fine powder. Throw this into a large vessel nearly full of water, stir briskly, and, after a short interval, pour the supernatant liquor, while yet turbid, into another vessel. Repeat the process with the Chalk remaining in the first vessel, and set the turbid liquor by, that the powder may sub- side. Lastly, pour off the water, and dry the powder.
Testa Pra;parata.
Prepared Oyster-shell
Take of Oyster-shell a convenient quantity. Free it from extraneous matter, wash it with
CARBO ANIMALIS.
99
boiling water, and reduce it to powder ; then pre- pare it in the manner directed for Chalk.
■ »i»»6 & C<«'»
CARBO ANIMALIS.
Carbo Animalis Purificatus.
Purified Animal Charcoal .
Take of Animal Charcoal a pound ;
Muriatic Acid,
Water, each, twelve fluidounces.
Pour the Muriatic Acid, previously mixed with the Water, gradually upon the Charcoal, and di- gest with a gentle heat for two days, occasionally stirring the mixture. Having allowed the undis- solved portion to subside, pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the Charcoal frequently with water until it is entirely free from aeid, and dry it.
Purified Animal Charcoal does not effervesce on the addition of chloroh)Tdric acid, nor does it impart to the acid anything capable of yielding a precipitate with ammonia or its car- bonate.
100
CERATA.
CERATA.
Ceratum Calaminai.
Calamine Cerate .
Ceratum Zinci Carbonatis, U. S. Ph ., 1840, (Turner's Cerate.)
Take of Prepared Calamine,
Yellow Wax, each, three ounces ;
Lard a pound.
Melt the Wax and Lard together, and, when upon cooling they begin to thicken, add the Cala- mine, and stir the mixture constantly until cool.
Ceratum Cantharidis.
Cerate of Spanish Flies .
(Emplastrum Epispasticum. — Blistering Plaster.)
Take of Spanish Flies, in very fine powder, a pound ;
Yellow Wax,
Resin, each, seven ounces ;
Lard ten ounces.
To the Wax, Resin, and Lard, previously melt- ed together and strained, add the Spanish Flies, and, by means of a water-bath, keep the mixture in a fluid state for half an hour, stirring occa-
CERATA.
101
sionally ; then remove it from the bath, and stir it constantly until cool.
Ceratum Cetacei.
Spermaceti Cerate .
Take of Spermaceti an ounce ;
White Wax three ounces ;
Olive Oil six fluidounces.
Melt together the Spermaceti and Wax; then add the Oil previously heated, and stir the mixture until cool.
Ceratum Plumri Subacetatis.
Cerate of Subacetate of Lead.
(Goulard’s Cerate.)
Take of Solution of Subacetate of Lead two fluidounces and a half ;
White Wax four ounces ;
Olive Oil nine fluidounces ;
Camphor half a drachm.
Mix the Wax, previously melted, with eight fluidounces of the Oil ; then remove the mixture from the fire, and, when it begins to thicken, gra- dually pour in the Solution of Subacetate of Lead, stirring constantly with a wooden spatula till it becomes cool. Lastly, add the Camphor dissolved in the remainder of the Oil, and mix.
102
CERATA.
Ceratum Resina:.
Resin Cerate .
( Basilicon Ointment.)
Take of Resin five ounces;
Lard eight ounces;
Yellow Wax two ounces.
Melt them together, strain through linen, and stir them constantly until cook
Ceratum Resina: Compositum. Compound Resin Cerate .
Take of Resin,
Suet,
Yellow Wax, each, a pound; Turpentine half a pound ;
Flaxseed Oil half a pint.
Melt them together, strain through linen, and stir them constantly until cool.
Ceratum Sabina:.
Savine Cerate .
Take of Savine, in powder, two ounces;
Resin Cerate a pound.
Mix the Savine with the Cerate previously softened.
CERATA.
103
Ceratum Saponis.
Soap Cerate .
Take of Solution of Subacetate of Lead two pints ;
Soap six ounces ;
White Wax ten ounces ;
Olive Oil a pint.
Boil the Solution of Subacetate of Lead with the Soap, over a slow fire, to the consistence of honey ; then transfer to a water-bath, and evapo- rate until all the moisture is dissipated ; lastly, add the Wax previously melted with the Oil, and mix.
Ceratum Simplex.
Simple Cerate .
Take of Lard eight ounces;
White Wax four ounces.
Melt them together, and stir them constantly until cool.
Ceratum Zinci Carbonatis.
Cerate of Carbonate of Zinc.
Take of Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc two drachms ;
Simple Ointment ten drachms.
Mix them.
104
CONFECTIONES.
CONFECTIONES.
CONFECTIO AROMATICA.
Aromatic Confection .
Take of Aromatic Powder five ounces and a half;
Saffron, in powder, half an ounce ; Syrup of Orange Peel six ounces; Clarified Honey two ounces.
Rub the Aromatic Powder with the Saffron ; then add the Syrup and Honey, and beat the whole together until thoroughly mixed.
CoNFECTIO AtJRANTII CoRTICIS.
Confection of Orange Peel .
Take of Orange Peel, recently separated from the fruit by grating, a pound ;
Sugar three pounds.
Beat the Orange Peel with the Sugar gradually added, till they are thoroughly mixed.
. . V • •' " • v‘ ■' - 1 ’■( ■
CONFECTIONES.
105
CoNFECTIO OfII.
Confection of Opium .
Take of Opium, in powder, four drachms and a half ;
Aromatic Powder six ounces ; Clarified Honey fourteen ounces.
Rub the Opium w7ith the Aromatic Powder; then add the Honey, and heat the whole together until thoroughly mixed.
CoNFECTIO RoS.E.
Confection of Roses .
( Conserve of Roses.)
Take of Red Roses, in powder, four ounces ; Sugar, in powder, thirty ounces ; Clarified Honey six ounces ;
Rose Water eight fluidounces.
Rub the Roses with the Rose Water heated to 150°; then gradually add the Sugar and Honey, and heat the whole together until thoroughly mixed.
106
CONFECTIONES.
CoNFECTIO SeNNJE.
Confection of Senna .
(. Lenitive Electuary .)
Take of Senna eight ounces ;
Coriander four ounces ;
Liquorice Root, bruised, three ounces;
Figs a pound ;
Pulp of Prunes,
Pulp of Tamarinds,
Pulp of Purging Cassia, each, half a pound ;
Sugar two pounds and a half ;
Water four pints.
Rub the Senna and Coriander together, and separate ten ounces of the powder with a sieve. Boil the residue with the Liquorice Root and Figs, in the Water, to one-half; then press out the liquor and strain. Evaporate the strained liquor, by means of a water-bath, to a pint and a half ; then add the Sugar and form a syrup. Last- ly, rub the Pulps with the syrup gradually added, and, having thrown in the sifted powder, beat all together until thoroughly mixed.
CUPRUM.— DECOCTA.
107
CUPRUM.
Cuprum Ammoniatum.
Jlmmoniated Copper.
Take of Sulphate of Copper half an ounce;
Carbonate of Ammonia six drachms. Rub them together in a glass mortar till the effervescence ceases ; then wrap the Ammoniated Copper in bibulous paper, and dry it with a gentle heat. Let it be kept in a well-stopped glass bottle.
DECOCTA.
De COCTUM CeTRARDE.
Decoction of Iceland Moss.
Take of Iceland Moss half an ounce ;
Water a pint and a half.
Boil down to a pint, and strain with compres- sion.
Decoctum Chxmaphieje.
Decoction of Pipsissewa.
Take of Pipsissewa, bruised, an ounce ;
Water a pint and a half.
Boil down to a pint, and strain.
108
DECOCTA.
Decoctum Cinchona Flava:. Decoction of Yellow Bark .
Take of Yellow Bark, bruised, an ounce ; Water a pint.
Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain the liquor while hot.
^ . • * *
Decoctum Cinchona: Rubra:. Decoction of Red Bark.
Take of Red Bark, bruised, an ounce ;
Water a pint.
Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain the liquor while hot.
Decoctum Cornus Florida:.
Decoction of Dogwood.
Take of Dogwood, bruised, an ounce;
Water a pint.
Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain the liquor while hot.
Decoctum Dulcamara:.
Decoction of Bittersweet.
Take of Bittersweet, bruised, an ounce;
Water a pint and a half.
Boil down to a pint, and strain.
DECOCTA.
109
DeCOCTUM HiEMATOXYLI.
Decoction of Logwood.
Take of Logwood, rasped, an ounce;
Water two pints.
Boil down to a pint, and strain.
Decoctum Horde i.
Decoction of Barley.
Take of Barley two ounces;
Water four pints and a half.
First wash away, with cold water, the extrane- ous matters which adhere to the Barley ; then pour upon it half a pint of the Water, and boil for a short time. Having thrown away this Water, pour the remainder boiling hot upon the Barley; then boil down to two pints, and strain.
Decoctum Quercus Aebje.
Decoction of White Oak Bark.
Take of White Oak Bark, bruised, an ounce;
Water a pint and a half.
Boil down to a pint, and strain.
110
DECOCTA.
Decoctum Sarsaparilla Compositum. Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla .
Take of Sarsaparilla, sliced and bruised, six ounces ;
Bark of Sassafras Root, sliced, Guaiacum Wood, rasped,
Liquorice Root, bruised, each, an ounce ;
Mezereon, sliced, three drachms; Water four pints.
Macerate for twelve hours ; then boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain.
Decoctum Senega.
Decoction of Seneka.
Take of Seneka, bruised, an ounce;
Water a pint and a half.
Boil down to a pint, and strain.
. . — -
Decoctum Uya Ursi.
Decoction of Uva Ursi.
Take of Uva Ursi an ounce;
Water twenty fluidounces.
Boil down to a pint, and strain.
EMPLASTRA.
Ill
EMPLASTRA.
Emplastrum Ammoniaci.
Ammoniac Plaster .
Take of Ammoniac five ounces ;
Diluted Acetic Acid half a pint. Dissolve the Ammoniac in the Diluted Acetic Acid, and strain; then evaporate the solution by means of a water-bath, stirring constantly until it acquires a proper consistence.
Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro.
Plaster of Ammoniac with Mercury .
Take of Ammoniac a pound ;
Mercury three ounces ;
Olive Oil a fluidrachm ;
Sulphur eight grains.
Heat the Oil, and gradually add the Sulphur, constantly stirring, until they unite ; then add the Mercury, and triturate until globules no longer appear. Boil the Ammoniac with sufficient water to cover it until they are mixed ; then strain through a hair sieve, and evaporate, by means of a water-bath, until a small portion taken from the
112
EMPLASTRA.
vessel hardens on cooling. Lastly, add the Am- moniac, while yet hot, gradually to the mixture of Oil, Sulphur, and Mercury, and thoroughly incor- porate all the ingredients.
EmPLASTRUM AsSAFCETIDA.
Assafetida Plaster .
Take of Assafetida,
Lead Plaster, each, a pound ;
Galbanum,
Yellow Wax, each, half a pound;
Alcohol three pints.
Dissolve the Assafetida and Galbanum in the
Alcohol with the aid of a water-bath, strain the liquor while hot, and evaporate to the consistence of honey ; then add the Lead Plaster and Wax previously melted together, stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper consistence.
Emplastrum Belladonna:. Belladonna Plaster .
Take of Resin Plaster three ounces ;
Extract of Belladonna an ounce and a half.
Add the Extract to the Plaster, previously melted by the heat of a water-bath, and mix.
EMPLASTRA.
113
Emplastrum Ferri.
Iron Plaster .
(Emplastrum Roborans. — Strengthening Plaster.)
Take of Subcarbonate of Iron three ounces ;
Lead Plaster two pounds ;
Burgundy Pitch half a pound.
Add the Subcarbonate of Iron to the Lead Plaster and Burgundy Pitch, previously melted together, and stir them constantly until they thicken upon cooling.
Emplastrum Galbani Compositum.
Compound Galbanum Plaster .
Take of Galbanum eight ounces;
Turpentine ten drachms;
Burgundy Pitch three ounces ;
Lead Plaster three pounds.
To the Galbanum and Turpentine, previously melted together and strained, add first the Bur- gundy Pitch, and afterwards the Lead Plaster, melted over a gentle fire, and mix the whole together.
8
114
EMPLASTRA.
EiMPLASTRUM HydRARGYRIo
Mercurial Plaster .
Take of Mercury six ounces ;
Olive Oil,
Resin, each, two ounces ;
Lead Plaster a pound.
Melt the Oil and Resin together, and, when they have become cool, rub the Mercury with them till the globules disappear; then gradually add the Lead Plaster previously melted, and mix the whole together.
Emplastrum Opii.
Opium Plaster .
Take of Opium, in powder, two ounces ; Burgundy Pitch three ounces;
Lead Plaster a pound ;
Boiling Water four fluidounces.
Melt together the Lead Plaster and Burgundy Pitch; then add the Opium previously mixed with the Water, and boil them over a gentle fire to the proper consistence.
s
EMPLASTRA.
115
EMPLASTRUM PlCIS BuRGUNDICiE.
Burgundy Pitch Plaster .
Take of Burgundy Pitch six pounds ;
Yellow Wax half a pound.
Melt them together, and stir them constantly till they thicken on cooling.
Emplastrum Picis cum Cantharide. Plaster of Pitch with Spanish Flies.
(Emplastrum Calefaciens. — Warming Plaster.)
Take of Burgundy Pitch three pounds and a half;
Cerate of Spanish Flies half a pound. Melt them together by means of a water-bath, and stir them constantly till they thicken upon cooling,
' j
Emplastrum Plumbi.
' • > V ' • • * . \ . - .
Lead Plaster .
Take of Semivitrified Oxide of Lead, in very fine powder, five pounds;
Olive Oil a gallon ;
Water two pints.
Boil them together over a gentle fire, stirring constantly, until the Oil and Oxide of Lead unite
116
EMPLASTRA.
into a plaster. It will be proper to add a little boiling water, if that employed at the commence- ment be nearly all consumed before the end of the process.
Emplastrum Resina:.
Resin Plaster .
{Adhesive Plaster.)
Take of Resin, in powder, half a pound ;
Lead Plaster three pounds.
To the Lead Plaster, melted over a gentle fire, add the Resin, and mix them.
Emplastrum Saponis.
Soap Plaster .
Take of Soap, sliced, four ounces;
Lead Plaster three pounds.
Rub the Soap with sufficient water to bring it to a semi-fluid state ; then mix it with the Plaster previously melted, and boil to the proper con- sistence.
EXTRACTA.
117
EXTRACTA.
In the preparation of the Extracts, evaporate, unless otherwise directed, as quickly as possible, in broad, shallowT dishes, by means of a water-bath, until they have acquired the consistence proper for forming pills ; and, towards the end of the process, stir them constantly with a spatula. Sprinkle upon the softer Extracts a small quan- tity of Alcohol.
Extractum Aconiti Alcoholicum.
Alcoholic Extract of Aconite .
Take of Aconite Leaves, in coarse powder, a pound;
Diluted Alcohol four pints.
Moisten the powder with half a pint of the Diluted Alcohol, and, having allowed the mixture to stand for twenty-four hours, transfer it to a percolator, and add gradually the remainder of the Diluted Alcohol. When the last portion of this has penetrated the powder, pour in sufficient water from time to time to keep the mass covered. Cease to filter when the liquid which passes be-
118
EXTRACTA.
gins to produce a precipitate, as it falls, in that which has already passed. Distil off the alcohol from the filtered liquor, and evaporate the residue to the proper consistence.
In the same manner prepare Ext 11 a c t tj m Belladonna Alcoholicum, Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna ,
From Belladonna, in coarse powder;
Extractum Conii Alcoholicum, Alcoholic Extract of Hemlock ,
From Hemlock Leaves, in coarse powder ;
Extractum Hellebori,
Extract of Black Hellebore ,
From Black Hellebore, in coarse powder;
Extractum Hyqscyami Alcoholicum, Alcoholic Extract of Henbane ,
From Henbane Leaves, in coarse powder; and
Extractum Sarsaparilla,
Extract of Sarsaparilla ,
From Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder.
EXTRACTA.
119
Extractum Cinchona: Flava:.
Extract of Yellow Bark.
Take of Yellow Bark, in coarse powder, a pound ;
Alcohol four pints ;
Water a sufficient quantity.
Macerate the Yellow Bark with the Alcohol for four days; then filter by means of a percolator, and, when the liquid ceases to pass, pour gradually upon the Bark sufficient Water to keep its surface covered. When the filtered tincture measures four pints, set it aside and proceed with the filtra- tion until six pints of infusion are obtained. Distil off the alcohol from the tincture, and evaporate the infusion, till the liquids respectively are brought to the consistence of thin honey ; then mix them, and evaporate so as to form an extract.
In the same manner prepare
Extractum Cinchona: Rubra:,
Extract of Red Bark ,
From Red Bark, in coarse powder;
Extractum Jalaiuk,
Extract of Jalap ,
From Jalap, in coarse powder; and
120
EXTRACTA.
Extract um Podophylli,
Extract of May-apple,
From May-apple, in coarse powder.
■V * • .
Extractum Colchicx Acetxcum.
Acetic Extract of Colchicum.
Take of Colchicum Root, in coarse powder, a pound ;
Acetic Acid four fluidounces ;
Water a sufficient quantity.
To the Acetic Acid add a pint of Water, and mix the resulting liquid with the Colchicum Root. Transfer the mixture to a percolator, and pour Water gradually upon it until the liquid passes with little or no taste. Lastly, evaporate the liquid, in a porcelain vessel, to the proper con- sistence.
Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum. Compound Extract of Colocynth.
Take of Colocynth, deprived of the seeds and sliced, six ounces;
Aloes, in powder, twelve ounces ; Scammony, in powder, four ounces ; Cardamom, in powder, an ounce;
EXTRACTA.
121
Soap three ounces;
Diluted Alcohol a gallon.
Macerate the Colocynth in the Diluted Alco- hol, with a gentle heat, for four days. Express and filter the liquor, and add to it the Aloes, Scammony, and Soap ; then evaporate to the pro- per consistence, and, near the end of the process,
mix the Cardamom with the other ingredients.
—
Extract or Conii.
Extract of Hemlock .
Take of fresh Hemlock Leaves a pound.
Bruise them in a stone mortar, sprinkling on them a little water; then express the juice, and, having heated it to the boiling point, filter it, and evaporate to the proper consistence, either in a vacuum with the aid of heat, or in shallow ves- sels, at ordinary temperatures, by means of a cur- rent of air directed over the surface of the liquid.
• r
Extra c toi Gent fax a.
Extract of Gentian .
Take of Gentian, in coarse powder, a pound;
W ater a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Gentian with a pint of Water, and,
122
EXTRACTA.
after allowing the mixture to stand for twenty-four hours, transfer it to a percolator, and pour Water upon it gradually until the liquid passes but slightly impregnated with the properties of the Gentian. Heat the filtered liquor to the boiling point, strain, and evaporate to the proper con- sistence.
i ' . * , - , '
In the same manner prepare
Extractum Dulcamaras,
Extract of Bittersweet ,
From Bittersweet, in coarse powder;
Extractum Juglanbis,
Extract of Butternut ,
From Butternut, in coarse powder;
Extractum Kramerle,
Extract of Rhatany ,
From Rhatany, in coarse powder ; and
Extractum Qu assize,
Extract of Quassia ,
From Quassia, rasped.
EXTRACTA.
123
ExTRACTUM HiEMATOXYLI.
Extract of Logwood .
Take of Logwood, rasped, a pound;
Water a gallon.
Boil down to four pints, and strain the liquor while hot; then evaporate to the proper con- sistence.
Extractum Nucxs Vomica:.
Extract of Nux Vomica.
Take of Nux Vomica a pound;
Alcohol a sufficient quantity.
Expose the Nux Vomica to steam till it is soft- ened ; then, having sliced and dried it, grind it into powder. Introduce it into a percolator, and pour Alcohol upon it gradually until the liquid passes without bitterness. Distil off the greater part of the alcohol from the filtered liquor, and evaporate the residue to the proper consistence.
Extractum Opii.
Extract of Opium .
Take of Opium a pound ;
Water five pints.
Cut the Opium into small pieces, macerate it
124
EXTRACTA.
for twenty-four hours in a pint of the Water, and reduce it to a soft mass by trituration. Express the liquid, and treat the residue with each of the four remaining pints of Water successively in the same manner. Mix the liquors, filter, and evaporate by means of a water-bath to the proper consistence.
Extra ctum Rhei.
Extract of Rhubarb .
Take of Rhubarb, in coarse powder, a pound ;
Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Rhubarb with an equal bulk of coarse sand, moisten it thoroughly with Diluted Alcohol, and, having allowed it to stand for twenty-four hours, put it into a percolator, and add Diluted Alcohol gradually until four pints of filtered liquor are obtained; then, by means of a water-bath, evaporate to the proper consistence.
Extract um Stramonii Foliorlm.
Extract of Stramonium Leaves .
Take of Stramonium Leaves a pound.
Bruise them in a stone mortar, sprinkling on them a little water ; then express the juice, and, having heated it to the boiling point, strain, and evaporate to the proper consistence.
EXTRACTA.
125
In the same manner prepare
Extract ltm Aconiti, Extract of Aconite , From fresh Aconite Leaves ;
Extractum Belladonna, Extract of Belladonna , From fresh Belladonna ; and
Extractum Hyoscyami, Extract of Henbane , From fresh Henbane Leaves.
Extractum Stramonii Seminis.
Extract of Stramonium Seed .
Take of Stramonium Seed, ground into powder, a pound ;
Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity.
Having rubbed the powder with half a pint of Diluted Alcohol, introduce the mixture into a per- colator, and pour upon it gradually Diluted Alco- hol till the liquid passes colourless. Distil off the alcohol from the filtered liquor, and evaporate the residue to the proper consistence.
126
EXTRACTA ELUIDA.
Extractum Taraxaci.
Extract of Dandelion.
Take of Dandelion, gathered in September, five pounds.
Slice the Dandelion ; bruise it in a stone mor- tar, sprinkling on it a little water, until reduced to a pulp ; then express the juice, strain, and evaporate in a vacuum, or in a shallow dish over a water-bath, constantly stirring, to the proper con- sistence.
EXTRACTA FLUIDA,
Extractum Cubebje Fluidum.
Fluid Extract of Cubebs.
Take of Cubebs, in powder, a pound;
Ether a sufficient quantity.
Put the Cubebs into a percolator, and, having packed it carefully, pour Ether gradually upon it until two pints of filtered liquor are obtained ; then distil off, by means of a water-bath, at a gentle heat, a pint and a half of the ether, and expose the residue, in a shallow vessel, until the whole of the ether has evaporated.
EXTRACTA FLUIDA.
127
Extractum Piperis Fluidum.
Fluid Extract of Black Pepper.
Take of Black Pepper, in powder, a pound ;
Ether a sufficient quantity.
Put the powder into a percolator, and pour Ether gradually upon it until two pints of filtered liquor are obtained. From this distil off, by means of a water-bath, at a gentle heat, a pint and a half of ether, and expose the residue, in a shallow vessel, until the whole of the ether has evaporated, and the deposition of piperin in crystals has ceased. Lastly, separate the piperin by expression through a cloth, and keep the liquid portion.
Extractum Rhei Fluidum.
Fluid Extract of Rhubarb.
Take of Rhubarb, in coarse powder, eight ounces:
Sugar five ounces ;
Tincture of Ginger half a fluidounce ;
Oil of Fennel,
Oil of Anise, each, four minims;
Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity.
To the Rhubarb, previously mixed with an equal
128
EXTRACTA FLUIDA.
bulk of coarse sand, add twelve fluidounces of Diluted Alcohol, and allow the mixture to stand for twenty-four hours. Transfer the mass to a percolator, and gradually pour upon it Diluted Alcohol until the liquid which passes has little of the odour or taste of the Rhubarb. Evaporate the tincture thus obtained, by means of a water-bath, to five fluidounces ; then add the Sugar, and, after it is dissolved, mix thoroughly with the resulting Fluid Extract the Tincture of Ginger holding the Oils in solution.
Extractum Sarsaparilla Fluid um. Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla .
Take of Sarsaparilla, sliced and bruised, sixteen ounces ;
Liquorice Root, bruised,
Bark of Sassafras Root, bruised, each, two ounces;
Mezereon, sliced, six drachms;
Sugar twelve ounces ;
Diluted Alcohol eight pints.
Macerate all the ingredients together, excepting the Sugar, for fourteen days; then express and filter. Evaporate the liquid, by means of a water-
EXTRACTA FLUIDA.
129
bath, to twelve fluidounces ; add the Sugar to it while still hot ; and remove from the bath as soon as the Sugar is dissolved.
Extractum Senna: Fluidum.
v * " '
Fluid Extract of Senna .
Take of Senna, in coarse powder, two pounds and a half;
Sugar twenty ounces ;
Oil of Fennel a fluidrachm ;
Compound Spirit of Ether two flui- drachms;
Diluted Alcohol four pints.
Mix the Senna with the Diluted Alcohol, and, having allowed the mixture to stand for twenty- four hours, introduce it into a percolator, and gradually pour in water mixed with one-third of its bulk of Alcohol, until a gallon and a half of liquid shall have passed. Evaporate the liquid by means of a water-bath to twenty fluidounces, filter, then add the Sugar, and, when it is dissolved, the Compound Spirit of Ether holding the Oil of Fennel in solution.
9
©
180
EXTRACTA FLUIDA.
Extractum Spigelia: et Senna: Feuidum.
Fluid Extract of Spigelia and Senna .
Take of Pinkroot, in coarse powder, a pound ;
Senna, in coarse powder, six ounces ;
Sugar a pound and a half ;
Carbonate of Potassa six drachms ;
Oil of Caraway,
Oil of Anise, each, half a fluidrachm ;
Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Pinkroot and Senna with two pints of Diluted Alcohol, and, having allowed the mixture to stand for two days, transfer it to a percolator, and gradually pour upon it Diluted Alcohol until half a gallon of liquid has passed. Evaporate the liquid, by means of a water-bath, to a pint; then add the Carbonate of Potassa, and, after the sedi- ment has dissolved, the Sugar previously triturated with the Oils. Lastly, dissolve the Sugar with a gentle heat.
Extract um Valeriana: Feuidum.
Fluid Extract of Valerian .
Take of Valerian, in coarse powder, eight ounces ;
Ether four fluidounces ;
EXTRACTA FLUIDA.
181
Alcohol twelve fluidounces;
Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Ether and Alcohol, and, having incor- porated the Valerian with one half of the mixture, introduce the mass into a percolator, and gradually pour in the remainder ; then add Diluted Alco- hol until the whole liquid which has passed shall amount to a pint. Put the ethereal liquid thus obtained into a shallow vessel, and allow it to evaporate spontaneously until reduced to five fluidounces. Upon the mass in the percolator pour gradually Diluted Alcohol until ten fluid- ounces of tincture have passed. With this mix the five fluidounces left after the spontaneous evapo- ration, taking care to dissolve in a little alcohol any oleo-resinous matter which may have been deposited, and to add it to the rest. Allow the mixture to stand, with occasional agitation, for four hours, and then filter. The resulting Fluid Extract should measure a pint ; and, if it be less than that quantity, the deficiency should be sup- plied by the addition of alcohol.
132
FERRUM,
FEREUM.
Tin ct ur a Ferri Chloride Tincture of Chloride of Iron .
(Tincture of Muriate of Iron.)
Take of Subcarbonate of Iron half a pound ;
Muriatic Acid a pint;
Alcohol three pints.
Pour the Acid upon the Subcarbonate of Iron5 in a glass or porcelain vessel, mix them, and, when effervescence has ceased, apply a gentle heat, and continue it, stirring occasionally, until the Carbonate is dissolved ; then filter the solution, and mix it with the Alcohol.
Ferri Citras,
Citrate of Iron.
Take of Citric Acid five ounces and a half;
Sulphate of Iron twelve ounces ;
Distilled W ater five fluidounces.
Dissolve the Acid in the Water. Then prepare from the Sulphate the Hydrated Oxide of Iron, according to the formula for that substance. To the solution of the Acid, heated to about 150°, and
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133
maintained at that temperature, gradually add the Hydrated Oxide, in its moist and recent state, as long as it is dissolved, and until the Acid is fully saturated. Filter the liquid, and, having evapo- rated it to the consistence of a thick syrup, spread it in layers on glass or porcelain plates, so that, when dried, it may form thin laminae, which are to be detached from the plates, and broken into pieces of convenient size.
Citrate of Iron, as thus prepared, is in thin transparent pieces, of a garnet-red colour. It is slowly soluble in cold, but readily soluble in boiling water, and possesses a mild, acid, chalybeate taste.
FeRRI ET PoTASSiE TARTRAS.
Tartrate of Iron and Potassa .
Take of Sulphate of Iron eight ounces ;
Bitartrate of Potassa seven ounces ;
Distilled Water half a gallon.
Prepare from the Sulphate the Hydrated Oxide of Iron, according to the formula for that sub- stance. Mix the Bitartrate of Potassa with the Distilled Water, heat the mixture to 140°, and, keeping it at that temperature, add gradually the Hydrated Oxide, frequently stirring, until it ceases
134
FERRUM.
to be dissolved. Then filter the solution, evaporate it by means of a water-bath to the consistence of Syrup, and spread it upon plates of glass or porce- lain, so that it may dry in the form of scales.
Tartrate of Iron and Potassa is in transparent scales, of a ruby-red colour, and wholly soluble in water. Its solution does not change the colour of litmus, and at common temperatures does not yield a precipitate with potassa, soda, or ammonia. Ferrocyanuret of potassium does not render it blue, unless an acid be added.
Ferri Ferrocyanuretum.
Ferrocyanuret of Iron .
[Pure Prussian Blue.)
Take of Sulphate of Iron four ounces ;
Sulphuric Acid three fluidrachms and a half;
Nitric Acid six fluidrachms, or a suffi- cient quantity;
Ferrocyanuret of Potassium four ounces and a half ;
Water two pints.
Dissolve the Sulphate of Iron in a pint of the Water, and, having added the Sulphuric Acid, boil the solution. Pour into it the Nitric Acid, in small portions, boiling the liquid for a minute or two after each addition, until a dark colour is no
FERRUM.
135
longer produced; then allow it to cool. Dissolve the Ferrocyanuret of Potassium in the remainder of the Water, and add this solution gradually to the first liquid, agitating the mixture after each addition; then pour it upon a filter. Wash the precipitate with boiling water until the washings pass tasteless. Lastly, dry it and rub it into powder.
If Ferrocyanuret of Iron be boiled with dilute chlorohydric acid, and ammonia be added to the filtered liquor, no precipi- tate is produced.
Ferrt Iodidum.
Iodide of Iron .
Take of Iodine two ounces ;
Iron Filings an ounce;
Distilled Water a pint and a half.
Mix the Iodine with a pint of the Distilled Water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, and gradually add the Iron Filings, stirring constantly. Heat the mixture gently until the liquid acquires a light greenish colour ; then filter, and, after the liquid has passed, pour upon the filter the remainder of the Distilled Water boiling hot. When this has passed, evaporate the filtered liquor, at a
136
EERRUM.
temperature not exceeding 212°, in an iron vessel, to dryness. Keep the dry Iodide in a closely stopped bottle.
Iodide of Iron, when recently prepared, is wholly soluble in water, forming a greenish solution, which has the properties mentioned under Solution of Iodide of Iron. It is decomposed by heat, with the escape of violet vapours, and the production of sesquioxide of iron.
Liquor Ferri Iodidi.
Solution of Iodide of Iron .
Take of Iodine two ounces ;
Iron Filings an ounce;
Sugar, in powder, twelve ounces;
Distilled Water a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Iodine with five fluidounces of Distilled Water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, and gradually add the Iron Filings, stirring constantly. Heat the mixture gently until all the Iodine is dissolved, or until the liquid acquires a light greenish colour. Then filter the solution into a glass bottle, con- taining the Sugar, and, after it has passed, pour Distilled Water gradually upon the filter until the filtered liquor, including the Sugar, measures twenty fluidounces. Lastly, shake the bottle until the Sugar is dissolved, and keep it closely stopped.
FERRUM.
137
Solution of Iodide of Iron is of a pale greenish colour, but, on the addition of sulphuric acid, becomes brown, and emits violet vapours if heated. It deposits little or no sediment, and does not communicate a blue colour to starch.
Liquor Ferri Nitratis.
Solution of Nitrate of Iron .
Take of Iron Wire, cut in pieces, an ounce;
Nitric Acid three fluidounces ;
Distilled Water a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Acid with a pint of Distilled Water, add the Iron, and agitate occasionally until gas ceases to he disengaged ; then filter the solution, and add to it sufficient Distilled Water to make it measure thirty fluidounces.
Ferri Oxidum Hydratum.
Hydrated Oxide of Iron .
Take of Sulphate of Iron four ounces ;
Sulphuric Acid three fluidrachms and a half;
Nitric Acid six fluidrachms, or a suffi- cient quantity; ;
Solution of Ammonia a sufficient quantity ;
Water two pints.
188
EERRUM.
Dissolve the Sulphate of Iron in the Water, and, having added the Sulphuric Acid, boil the solu- tion; then add the Nitric Acid, in small portions, boiling the liquid for a minute or two after each addition, until the Acid ceases to produce a dark colour. Filter the liquid, allow it to cool, and add Solution of Ammonia in excess, stirring the mix- ture briskly. Wash the precipitate with water until the washings cease to yield a precipitate with chloride of barium, and keep it in close bottles with water sufficient to cover it.
Hydrated Oxide of Iron is wholly soluble in chlorohydric acid without effervescence. If dried by a heat not exceeding 180°, it afterwards loses, upon exposure to a red heat, 18 per cent, of water.
Ferri Phosphas.
Phosphate of Iron .
Take of Sulphate of Iron five ounces ;
Phosphate of Soda six ounces ;
Water a gallon.
Dissolve the Sulphate of Iron and Phosphate of Soda, severally, in four pints of the Water ; then mix the solutions, and set the mixture by that the powder may subside; lastly, having poured off the
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139
supernatant liquor, wash the Phosphate of Iron with hot water, and dry it with a gentle heat.
Phosphate of Iron is insoluble in water, but is dissolved by dilute chlorohydric acid, forming a solution which yields with ammonia a precipitate insoluble in an excess of the alkali.
Ferri Pulyis.
Powder of Iron .
Take of Subcarbonate of Iron, previously cal- cined in an open vessel, two pounds and a half, or a convenient quantity.
Into a wrought iron reduction tube, of about four inches in diameter, introduce the Subcar- bonate, contained in an incomplete sheet-iron tube, open at both ends, made by bending the iron into the form of a cylinder, and of such a size as to fill loosely about seven-eighths of the reduction tube. Place the reduction tube longitudinally in an oblong charcoal furnace; and, by means of a self-regulating generator of hydrogen, pass through it a stream of that gas, previously purified by bub- bling successively through Solution of Subacetate of Lead, diluted with three times its volume of water, and through milk of lime, severally con- tained in half-gallon bottles, about one-third filled. Connect with the further extremity of the re-
140
FERRUM.
duction tube a lead tube bent so as to dip into water. Make all the junctions air-tight by ap- propriate lutes ; and, when the hydrogen has passed long enough to fill the whole of the appara- tus, to the exclusion of atmospheric air, light the fire, and bring that part of the reduction tube oc- cupied by the Subcarbonate to a dull red heat, which must be kept up so long as the bubbles of hydrogen, breaking from the water covering the orifice of the lead tube, are smaller than those passing through the milk of lime. When the re- duction is completed, remove the fire, and allow the whole to cool to the ordinary temperature, keeping up, during the refrigeration, a moderate current of hydrogen through the apparatus. Lastly, withdraw the reduced iron from the re- duction tube, detach it from the sheet-iron tube, and, having powdered it, keep it in well-stopped bottles.
When two pounds and a half of Subcarbonate of Iron are operated on, the process occupies from five to eight hours.
Powder of Iron is tasteless, and of an iron-gray colour. When thrown into a dilute acid, it causes a lively effervescence. A small portion of it, struck on an anvil, with a smooth ham- mer, forms a scale having a brilliant metallic lustre.
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141
Ferri Subcarbonas.
Subcarbonate of Iron .
(. Precipitated Carbonate of Iron.)
Take of Sulphate of Iron eight ounces;
Carbonate of Soda nine ounces ;
Boiling Water a gallon.
Dissolve the Sulphate of Iron and Carbonate of Soda, severally, in four pints of the Water; then mix the solutions, and, having stirred the mixture, set it by that the powder may subside ; lastly, having poured off the supernatant liquor, wash the Subcarbonate of Iron with hot water, wrap it in bibulous paper, and dry it with a gentle heat.
Subcarbonate of Iron is wholly dissolved by dilute chloro- hydric acid with a slight effervescence; and the sesquioxide of iron is precipitated from the solution by ammonia. The liquid which remains is not coloured by sulphohydric acid or ferro- cyanuret of potassium.
Ferri Sulphas.
Sulphate of Iron .
Take of Iron Wire, cut in pieces, twelve ounces ;
Sulphuric Acid eighteen ounces ;
Water a gallon.
Mix the Sulphuric Acid and Water, and add
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EERRUM.
the Iron ; then heat the mixture until efferves- cence ceases. Pour off* the solution, and, having added half a drachm of Sulphuric Acid, filter through paper, allowing the lower end of the fun- nel to touch the bottom of the receiving vessel. Evaporate the filtered liquor in a matrass until sufficiently concentrated ; then set it aside in a covered vessel to crystallize. Drain the crystals in a funnel, dry them on bibulous paper, and keep them in closely stopped bottles.
The crystals of Sulphate of Iron are transparent and bluish- green, but on exposure to the air effloresce and change their colour. They are wholly soluble in water, and iron does not produce with their solution a precipitate of copper.
Ferrum Ammoniatum.
Ammoniated Iron .
Take of Subcarbonate of Iron three ounces;
Muriatic Acid ten fluidounces;
Muriate of Ammonia two pounds and a half;
Distilled Water four pints.
Mix the Subcarbonate of Iron with the Muriatic Acid in a glass vessel, and digest for two hours ; then add the Muriate of Ammonia, previously dis-
GLYCEBINA.
143
solved in the Distilled Water, and, having filtered the liquor, evaporate to dryness. Rub the residue to powder.
\ •
Ammoniated Iron is of an orange-red colour, and wholly
soluble in water and diluted alcohol. Potassa throws down sesquioxide of iron from the solution, and afterwards, if added in excess, occasions the evolution of ammonia.
GLYCERIN A.
Geycerina.
Glycerin .
Take of Lead Plaster, recently prepared and yet fluid,
Boiling Water, each, a gallon.
Mix them, stir briskly for fifteen minutes, then allow them to cool, and pour off the supernatant liquid. Evaporate this until it has the specific gravity 1*15, and pass a current of sulphohydric acid slowly through it until a black precipitate is no longer produced. Filter, and boil until the sulphohydric acid is driven off. Lastly, evaporate the liquid until it ceases to lose weight.
144
HYDRARGYRUM.
Glycerin is a colourless or straw-coloured syrupy liquid, inodorous, of a sweet taste, and of the specific gravity 1 *25. It is soluble in water and in alcohol, but not in ether. Ex- posed to a full red heat, it takes fire, and continues to burn with a blue flame. It is destroyed by distillation. It com- bines with potassa and baryta, and also with sulphuric acid. When diluted with water it affords no precipitate with sulpho- hydrate of ammonia or ferrocyanuret of potassium.
HYDRARGYRUM.
Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosiyum.
Corrosive Chloride of Mercury .
( Corrosive Sublimate.)
Take of Mercury two pounds ;
Sulphuric Acid three pounds ;
Chloride of Sodium a pound and a half.
Boil the Mercury with the Sulphuric Acid until a white dry mass is left. Rub this, when cold, with the Chloride of Sodium, in an earthen- ware mortar; then sublime with a gradually in- creasing heat.
Corrosive Chloride of Mercury is in colourless crystals or crystalline masses, which are fusible by heat, sublime without residue, and are entirely soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Solution of potassa and lime-water occasion with its solution a reddish or yellow, and ammonia a white precipitate.
HYDRARGYRUM.
145
Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite.
Mild Chloride of Mercury.
(Calomelas. — Calomel.)
Take of Mercury four pounds ;
Sulphuric Acid three pounds;
Chloride of Sodium a pound and a half;
Distilled Water a sufficient quantity.
Boil two pounds of the Mercury with the Sul- phuric Acid, until a dry white mass is left. Rub this, when cold, with the remainder of the Mercury, in an earthenware mortar, until they are thoroughly mixed. Then add the Chloride of Sodium, and rub it with the other ingredients till all the globules disappear ; afterwards sublime. Reduce the sublimed matter to a very fine pow- der, and wash it frequently with boiling Distilled Water, till the washings afford no precipitate upon the addition of solution of ammonia ; then dry it.
Mild Chloride of Mercury is a whitish powder, wholly vola- tilizable by heat, and insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is blackened by potassa; and the oxide of mercury which re- sults is reduced by heat to the metallic state. Distilled water, after having been boiled with it, yields no precipitate on the addition of ammonia or nitrate of silver.
10
146
HYDRARGYRUM.
Hydrargyri Cyanuretum.
Cyanuret of Mercury.
Take of Ferrocyanuret of Iron four ounces;
Red Oxide of Mercury three ounces, or a sufficient quantity;
Distilled Water three pints.
Put the Ferrocyanuret of Iron and three ounces of the Oxide of Mercury, previously powdered and thoroughly mixed, into a glass vessel; and pour upon them two pints of the Distilled Water. Then boil the mixture, stirring constant- ly; and, if at the end of half an hour the blue colour remain, add small portions of the Oxide of Mercury, continuing the ebullition until the mixture becomes of a yellowish colour; after which, filter it through paper. Wash the residue
in the remainder of the Distilled Water, and filter
■ )
as before. Mix the solutions, and evaporate till a pellicle appears ; then set the liquor aside that crystals may form. To purify the crystals, dis- solve them in distilled water, filter and evaporate the solution, and set it aside to crystallize.
Cyanuret of Mercury is in transparent crystals, wholly solu- ble in water. When chlorohydric acid is added to the solu- tion, cyanohydric acid is evolved, which is recognised by its odour, and bichloride of mercury is left, which is entirely
HYDRARGYRUM.
147
volatilized by heat. When Cyanuret of Mercury is heated, cyanogen is given off, and a black matter is left containing globules of mercury.
Hydrargyri Iodidum.
Iodide of Mercury .
( Protiodide of Mercury .)
Take of Mercury an ounce ;
Iodine five drachms ;
Alcohol a sufficient quantity.
Rub the Mercury and Iodine together, adding sufficient Alcohol to form a soft paste, and continue the trituration till the globules disappear. Then dry the Iodide in the dark, with a gentle heat, and keep it in a well stopped bottle protected from the light.
Iodide of Mercury is a greenish-yellow powder, insoluble in water, alcohol, or solution of chloride of sodium, but soluble in ether. Heated quickly, it sublimes in red crystals, which afterwards become yellow.
Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum.
Red Iodide of Mercury .
( Biniodide of Mercury.')
Take of Corrosive Chloride of Mercury an
ounce ;
148
HYDRARGYRUM.
Iodide of Potassium ten drachms;
Distilled Water two pints.
Dissolve the Chloride of Mercury in a pint and a half, and the Iodide of Potassium in half a pint of the Distilled Water, and mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate upon a filter, and, having washed it with distilled water, dry it with a mo- derate heat, and keep it in a well stopped bottle.
Red Iodide of Mercury is wholly volatilized by heat, con- densing in scales, which are at first yellow, but afterwards become red. It is insoluble in water, but is dissolved by boil- ing alcohol, and by the solutions of iodide of potassium and chloride of sodium.
Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum.
Black Oxide of Mercury .
Take of Mild Chloride of Mercury,
Potassa, each, four ounces ;
Water a pint.
Dissolve the Potassa in the Water, and, when the dregs have subsided, pour off the clear solu- tion. To this add the Mild Chloride of Mercury, and stir them constantly together till the Black Oxide is formed. Having poured off the super- natant liquor, wash the Black Oxide with distilled water, and dry it with a gentle heat.
HYDRARGYRUM.
149
Black Oxide of Mercury becomes olive coloured by the action of light. It is wholly dissipated by a strong heat, and metallic globules are sublimed. It is insoluble in water, but is wholly dissolved by acetic acid. When digested for a short time in chlorohydric acid, it is not dissolved, and no precipitate is afterwards produced in the liquid by potassa or ammonia.
Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum.
Red Oxide of Mercury .
(Red Precipitate.)
Take of Mercury thirty-six ounces;
Nitric Acid eighteen fluidounces;
Water two pints.
Dissolve the Mercury, with a gentle heat, in the Acid and Water previously mixed together, and evaporate to dryness. Rub the dry mass into powder, and heat it in a very shallow vessel till red vapours cease to rise.
Red Oxide of Mercury is in orange-red crystalline scales, entirely soluble in chlorohydric acid. It emits no reddish fumes when heated, but yields oxygen; while the mercury either runs into globules, or is wholly dissipated.
Hydrargyri Sulphas Flayus.
Yellow Sulphate of Mercury .
( Turpeth Mineral.)
Take of Mercury four ounces;
Sulphuric Acid six ounces.
150
HYDRARGYRUM.
Mix them in a glass vessel, and boil by means of a sand-bath till a dry white mass remains. Rub this into powder, and throw it into boiling water. Pour off the supernatant liquor, and wash the yellow precipitated powder repeatedly with hot water ; then dry it.
Yellow Sulphate of Mercury is a lemon-yellow powder, almost insoluble in water. It is entirely dissipated by heat, sulphuric acid being evolved, and metallic globules sublimed.
Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Nigrum.
Black Sulphuret of Mercury .
( Ethiops Mineral.)
Take of Mercury,
Sulphur, each, a pound.
Rub them together till all the globules disappear.
Black Sulphuret of Mercury is wholly dissipated by heat. It does not communicate a white stain to gold w7hen rubbed upon it, and exhibits no mercurial globules under the micro- scope. Chlorohydric acid which has been boiled with it pro- duces no precipitate when poured into water.
Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Rurrum.
Red Sulphuret of Mercury .
(Cinnabar.)
Take of Mercury forty ounces;
Sulphur eight ounces.
HYDRARGYRUM.
151
Mix the Mercury with the melted Sulphur over the fire ; and, as soon as the mass begins to swell, remove the vessel from the fire, and cover it with considerable force, to prevent combustion 5 then rub the mass into powder, and sublime.
Red Sulphuret of Mercury is entirely volatilized by heat. When heated with potassa, it yields globules of mercury. It is not soluble in nitric acid or chlorohydric acid, but is dis- solved by a mixture of the two. Acetic acid with which it has been digested does not yield a precipitate with iodide of potassium.
Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum.
Ammoniated Mercury .
( White Precipitate.)
Take of Corrosive Chloride of Mercury six ounces ;
Distilled Water a gallon;
Solution of Ammonia eight fluid- ounces.
Dissolve the Corrosive Chloride of Mercury in the Water, with the aid of heat, and to the solu- tion, when cold, add the Solution of Ammonia, frequently stirring. Wash the precipitate till the washings become tasteless, and dry it.
Ammoniated Mercury is in the form of a white powder or
152
HYDRARGYRUM.
of pulverulent masses, decomposed and entirely dissipated by a strong heat, insoluble in water or alcohol, but dissolved with- out effervescence by chlorohydric acid. Acetic acid with which it has been digested does not yield with iodide of po- tassium either a yellow or blue precipitate. It is not blackened when rubbed with lime-water. Heated with solution of potassa it becomes yellow, and evolves ammonia.
Hydrargyrum cum Greta.
Mercury with Chalk .
Take of Mercury three ounces ;
Prepared Chalk five ounces.
Rub them together till all the globules disap- pear.
INFUS A.
Infusum Angusturje.
Infusion of Angustura Bark .
Take of Angustura Bark, bruised, half an ounce ; Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
INFUSA.
153
Infusum Anthemidis.
Infusion of Chamomile.
Take of Chamomile half an ounce;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Armoracee.
Infusion of Horse-radish .
Take of Horse-radish, sliced,
Mustard, bruised, each, an ounce ; Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Bi ciiu.
Infusion of Bnchu .
Infusum Diosmse, US. Ph ., 1840.
Take of Buchu an ounce ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
154
INFUSA.
Infusum Capsici.
Infusion of Cayenne Pepper.
Take of Cayenne Pepper, in coarse powder, half an ounce ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum C ary o phalli.
Infusion of Cloves.
Take of Cloves, bruised, two drachms ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Cascarilla:.
Infusion of Cascarilla.
Take of Cascarilla, bruised, an ounce;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
INFUSA.
155
Infusum Catechij Compositum.
Compound Infusion of Catechu .
Take of Catechu, in powder, half an ounce ;
Cinnamon, bruised, a drachm ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Cinchonas Compositum.
Compound Infusion of Peruvian Bark.
Take of Red Bark, in powder, an ounce ;
Aromatic Sulphuric Acid a fluidrachm ;
Water a pint.
Macerate for twelve hours, occasionally shaking, and strain.
The Infusion may also be prepared from the same quantity of Red Bark, in coarse powder, by the process of displacement, in the manner di- rected for Infusion of Yellow Bark, a fluidrachm of Aromatic Sulphuric Acid being added to the Water with which the Bark is moistened.
Infusum Cinchona Flavje. Infusion of Yellow Bark.
Take of Yellow Bark, bruised, an ounce; Boiling Water a pint.
156
INFUSA.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
This Infusion may also he prepared from the same quantity of Yellow Bark, in coarse powder, in the following manner : — Having moistened the Bark thoroughly with water, introduce it into a percolator, press it slightly, and pour water upon its surface so as to keep it covered. So long as the liquid passes turbid, return it into the appara- tus ; then allow the filtration to continue until a pint of clear infusion is obtained.
INFUSUM ClNCTION E RuBlliE.
Infusion of Red Bark.
Take of Red Bark, bruised, an ounce ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Prepare the Infusion in the manner directed for Infusion of Yellow7 Bark.
INFUSUM CoLOMBiE.
Infusion of Columbo.
Take of Columbo, bruised, half an ounce;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
INFUSA.
157
Infusum Digitalis.
Infusion of Foxglove .
Take of Foxglove a drachm ;
Boiling Water half a pint ;
Tincture of Cinnamon a fluidounce. Macerate the Foxglove with the Water for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain ; then add the Tincture of Cinnamon.
Infusum Eupatorii.
Infusion of Thoroughwort .
Take of Thoroughwort an ounce ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Gentians Compositum. Compound Infusion of Gentian .
Take of Gentian, bruised, half an ounce; Orange Peel, bruised,
Coriander, bruised, each, a drachm; Diluted Alcohol four fluidounces ; Water twelve fluidounces.
First pour on the Diluted Alcohol, and, three hours afterwards, the Water; then macerate for twelve hours, and strain.
158
INFUSA.
Infusum Humuli.
Infusion of Hops.
Take of Hops half an ounce;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Kramerije.
Infusion of Rhatany.
Take of Rhatany, bruised, an ounce ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for four hours in a covered vessel, and
strain.
This Infusion may also be prepared from the same quantity of Rhatany, in coarse powder, by the process of displacement, in the manner di- rected for Infusion of Yellow Bark.
Infusum Lini Compositum.
Compound Infusion of Flaxseed .
Infusum Lini, U. S. Ph ., 1840.
Take of Flaxseed half an ounce ;
Liquorice Root, bruised, two drachms ; Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
INFUSA.
159
Infusum Pruni Virginians.
Infusion of Wild-cherry Bark.
Take of Wild-cherry Bark, bruised, half an ounce ;
Water a pint.
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain.
This Infusion may also be prepared from the same quantity of Wild-cherry Bark, in coarse powder, by the process of displacement, in the manner directed for Infusion of Yellow Bark.
Infusum Quassije. Infusion of Quassia.
Take of Quassia, rasped, two drachms ; Water a pint.
Macerate for twelve hours, and strain.
Infusum Rhei.
Infusion of Rhubarb.
Take of Rhubarb, bruised, a drachm;
Boiling Water half a pint.
Digest for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
160
INFUSA.
InFUSUM RoSA CoMPOSITUM. Compound Infusion of Roses Take of Red Roses half an ounce;
Boiling Water two pints and a half; Diluted Sulphuric Acid three flui- drachms ;
Sugar an ounce and a half.
Pour the Water upon the Roses in a glass ves- sel ; then add the Acid, and macerate for half an hour ; lastly, strain the liquor, and add the Sugar.
Infusum Sarsaparilla.
Infusion of Sarsaparilla.
Take of Sarsaparilla, bruised, an ounce;
Boiling Water a pint.
Digest for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
This Infusion may also be prepared from the same quantity of Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, by the process of displacement, in the manner di- rected for Infusion of Yellow Bark.
INFUSA.
161
Xnfusum Sassafras Medulla:. Infusion of Sassafras Pith .
'■ i
Take of Sassafras Pith a drachm ; Water a pint.
Macerate for three hours, and strain.
Xnfusum Senna:.
Infusion of Senna .
Take of Senna an ounce ;
Coriander, bruised, a drachm ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.
Xnfusum Serpentaria.
Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot.
Take of Virginia Snakeroot half an ounce ; Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
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162
INFUSA.
INFUSUM SpiGELIiE.
Infusion of Pinkroot.
Take of Pinkroot half an ounce ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Tabaci.
Infusion of Tobacco .
Take of Tobacco a drachm ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Taraxaci.
Infusion of Dandelion.
Take of Dandelion, bruised, two ounces ; Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
INFUSA.
163
Infusum Ulmi.
Infusion of Slippery Elm Bark .
Take of Slippery Elm Bark, sliced and bruised, an ounce ;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Valerians.
Infusion of Valerian .
Take of Valerian half an ounce;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.
Infusum Zingiberis.
Infusion of Ginger .
Take of Ginger, bruised, half an ounce ; Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
164
IODINIUM. — LINIMENTA.
IODINIUM.
Liquor Iodinii Compositus. Compound Solution of Iodine .
Liquor lodini Compositus, U. S. Ph 1840.
Take of Iodine six drachms;
Iodide of Potassium an ounce and a half ;
Distilled Water a pint.
Dissolve the Iodine and Iodide of Potassium in the Water.
LINIMENTA.
Linimentum Ammonije.
Liniment of dlmmonia.
Take of Solution of Ammonia a fluidounce ;
Olive Oil two fluidounces.
Mix them.
LINIMENTA.
165
Linimentum Calcis.
Lime Liniment.
Take of Lime-water,
Flaxseed Oil, each, two fluidounces. Mix them.
Linimentum Camphors. Camphor Liniment. Take of Camphor half an ounce ;
Olive Oil two fluidounces. Dissolve the Camphor in the Oil.
Linimentum Cantharidis.
Liniment of Spanish Flies.
Take of Spanish Flies, in powder, an ounce ;
Oil of Turpentine half a pint.
Digest for three hours, in a. close vessel, by means of a water-bath, and strain.
166
LINIMENTA.
Linimentum Saponis Camphoratum.
Camphorated Soap Liniment.
( Opodeldoc.)
Take of Common Soap, sliced, three ounces ;
Camphor an ounce ;
Oil of Rosemary,
Oil of Origanum, each, a fluidrachm ;
Alcohol a pint.
Digest the Soap with the Alcohol, by means of a sand-bath, till it is dissolved ; then add the Cam- phor and Oils, and, when they are dissolved, pour the liquor into broad-mouthed bottles.
This Liniment has, when cold, the consistence of a soft ointment.
Linimentum Terebinthinje.
Liniment of Turpentine .
Take of Oil of Turpentine half a pint;
Resin Cerate a pound.
Add the Oil of Turpentine to the Cerate pre- viously melted, and mix them.
MAGNESIA.
167
MAGNESIA.
Magnesia.
Magnesia .
Take of Carbonate of Magnesia any quantity.
Put it into an earthen vessel, and expose it to a red heat for two hours, or till the carbonic acid is wholly expelled.
Magnesia is wholly dissolved, without effervescence, by dilute chlorohydric acid; and the solution yields no precipitate with oxalate of ammonia or chloride of barium.
Liquor Magnesia: Citratis.
Solution of Citrate of Magnesia.
Take of Carbonate of Magnesia five drachms ;
Citric Acid seven drachms and a half;
Syrup of Citric Acid two fluidounces;
Water a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the Citric Acid in four fluidounces of Water, and add to the solution four drachms of the Carbonate of Magnesia, previously rubbed with three fluidounces of Water. When the reaction has ceased, filter the solution into a strong glass bottle, of the capacity of twelve fluidounces, into which
168
MELLITA.
the Syrup of Citric Acid has been previously intro- duced. Rub the remaining Carbonate of Magne- sia with two fluidounces of Water, and pour the mixture into the bottle, which is then to be tightly corked, and secured with twine. Lastly, shake the mixture occasionally until it becomes transparent.
1 «* ' *>
■ ; ' ' ’V
MELLITA.
Mel Despumatum.
Clarified Honey .
Take of Honey any quantity.
Melt it by means of a water-bath, and then re- move the scum.
Mel Rosa:.
Honey of Roses.
Take of Red Roses, in coarse powder, two ounces; Clarified Honey twenty fluidounces ; Boiling Water twelve fluidounces. Macerate the Roses in eight fluidounces of boil- ing Water for four hours, in a glass or earthen
MELLITA.
169
vessel; then, with strong pressure, remove as much as possible of the infusion, and set it aside. Ma- cerate the residue in four fluidounees of boiling Water for half an hour, and again express. Re- serving four fluidounees of the first infusion, mix the remainder with the infusion last obtained, add the Honey, and by means of a water-bath evapo- rate to a pint. Lastly, add the reserved infusion, and strain.
OXYMEL SciLEiE.
Oxymel of Squill .
Take of Vinegar of Squill two pints;
Clarified Honey a pint and a half.
Mix them, and evaporate by means of a water- bath to the proper consistence. The specific gra- vity of the Oxymel of Squill should be T32,
1T0
MISTUKiE.
MISTURjE.
Mistura Ammoniaci.
Ammoniac Mixture .
Take of Ammoniac two drachms ;
Water half a pint.
Rub the Ammoniac with the Water gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed.
Mistura Amygdala;.
Almond Mixture.
Take of Sweet Almonds half an ounce ;
Gum Arabic, in powder, half a drachm ;
Sugar twodrachms ;
Distilled Water eight fluidounces.
Macerate the Almonds in water, and, having removed their external coat, beat them with the Gum Arabic and Sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly mixed; then rub the mix- ture with the Distilled Water gradually added, and strain.
MISTURiE.
171
Mistura Assafcetidje.
Assafetida Mixture .
Take of Assafetida two drachms ;
Water half a pint.
Rub the Assafetida with the Water gradually
added, until they are thoroughly mixed,
• -
Mistura Cretje.
Chalk Mixture .
Take of Prepared Chalk half an ounce ;
Sugar,
Gum Arabic, in powder, each, two drachms ;
Cinnamon Water,
Water, each, four fluidounces.
Rub them together till they are thoroughly mixed.
Mistura Ferri Composita. Compound Mixture of Iron .
Take of Myrrh a drachm;
Carbonate of Potassa twenty-five grains; Sulphate of Iron, in powder, a scruple ; Spirit of Lavender half a fluidounce ; Sugar a drachm ;
172
MISTUBJE.
Rose Water seven fluidounces and a half.
Rub the Myrrh with the Rose Water gradually added ; then mix with these the Spirit of Laven- der, Sugar, and Carbonate of Potassa, and, lastly, the Sulphate of Iron. Pour the mixture imme- diately into a glass bottle, which is to ‘be well
Mxstura Glycyrrhiza: Composita. Compound Mixture of Liquorice .
{Brown Mixture.)
Take of Liquorice, in powder,
Gum Arabic, in powder,
Sugar, each, half an ounce ; Camphorated Tincture of Opium two fluidounces ;
Antimonial Wine a fluidounce;
Spirit of Nitric Ether half a fluidounce; Water twelve fluidounces.
Rub the Liquorice, Gum Arabic, and Sugar with the Water gradually poured upon them; then add the other ingredients, and mix.
MORPHIA.
173 .
MORPHIA,
Morphia.
Morphia .
Take of Opium, sliced, a pound ;
Solution of Ammonia six fluidounces;
Distilled Water,
Alcohol,
Animal Charcoal, each, a sufficient quantity.
Macerate the Opium with four pints of Dis- tilled Water for twenty-four hours, and, having worked it with the hand, digest for twenty-four hours, and strain. In like manner, macerate the residue twice successively with the same quantity of Distilled Water, and strain. Mix the infusions, evaporate to six pints, and filter; then add first five pints of Alcohol, and afterwards three fluidounces of the Solution of Ammonia, previously mixed with half a pint of Alcohol. After twenty-four hours, pour in the remainder of the Solution of Ammonia, mixed, as before, with half a pint of Alcohol ; and set the liquor aside for twenty-four hours, that crystals may form. To purify these, boil them
174
MORPHIA.
with two pints of Alcohol till they are dissolved, filter the solution, while hot, through Animal Charcoal, and set it aside to crystallize.
Morphia is in colourless crystals, which are inflammable, and wholly dissipated by a red heat. It is scarcely soluble in cold water or in ether, is very slightly so in boiling water, and is readily dissolved by boiling alcohol. Nitric acid first red- dens it and afterwards renders it yellow. With solution of sesquichloride of iron it assumes a deep blue colour. Its solu- tion restores the colour of litmus, previously reddened by an acid.
MoRPHIiE ACETAS.
Acetate of Morphia .
Take of Morphia, in powder, freed from nar- cotina by boiling with Ether, an ounce ;
Distilled Water half a pint;
Acetic Acid a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Morphia with the Water ; then care- fully drop in the Acid, constantly stirring, until the Morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evapo- rate the solution, by means of a water-bath, to the consistence of syrup. Lastly, dry the Acetate
with a gentle heat, and rub it into powder.
Acetate of Morphia is wholly soluble in water, or in water acidulated with acetic acid. It is also soluble in alcohol. From
MORPHIA.
175
its solution, potassa throws down a precipitate which is dis- solved by an excess of the alkali. It is affected by heat, nitric acid, and sesquichloride of iron, in the same manner as Mor- phia. When sulphuric acid is added to the salt, acetous vapours are evolved.
Morphia: Murias.
Muriate of Morphia .
Take of Morphia, in powder, an ounce;
Distilled Water half a pint;
Muriatic Acid a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Morphia with the Water; then care- fully drop in the Acid, constantly stirring, till the Morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate the solution by means of a water-bath, so that it may crystallize upon cooling. Dry the crystals upon bibulous paper/
Muriate of Morphia is in snow-white feathery crystals, wholly soluble in water and alcohol. Potassa affects its solu- tion in the same manner as the solution of Acetate of Morphia. With nitrate of silver the solution yields a precipitate insoluble in nitric or chlorohydric acid, but soluble in an excess of ammo- nia. It is affected by heat, nitric acid, and sesquichloride of iron in the same manner as Morphia.
176
MORPHIA.
Morphia: Sulphas.
Sulphate of Morphia .
Take of Morphia, in powder, an ounce ;
Distilled Water half a pint;
Diluted Sulphuric Acid a sufficient quantity.
Mix the Morphia with the Water ; then care- fully drop in the Acid, constantly stirring, till the Morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate the solution by means of a water-bath, so that it may crystallize upon cooling. Dry the crystals upon bibulous paper.
Sulphate of Morphia is in snow-white feathery crystals, which are wholly soluble in water. Its solution is affected by potassa in the same manner as the solution of Acetate of Morphia. With chloride of barium it yields a white precipitate insoluble in nitric acid. It is affected by heat, nitric acid, and sesquichloride of iron in the same manner as Morphia.
Liquor Morphia: Sulpiiatis.
Solution of Sulphate of Morphia .
Take of Sulphate of Morphia eight grains ;
Distilled Water half a pint.
Dissolve the Sulphate of Morphia in the Water.
MUCILAGINES.
ITT
MUCILAGINES.
Mucilago Acacia.
Mucilage of Gum Arabic.
Take of Gum Arabic, in powder, four ounces ;
Boiling Water half a pint.
Add the Water gradually to the Gum, rubbing them together till the mucilage is formed.
MuCILAGO TllAGACANTHiE.
Mucilage of Tragacanth.
Take of Tragacanth an ounce;
Boiling Water a pint.
Macerate the Tragacanth in the Water for twenty-four hours, occasionally stirring ; then tri- turate it so as to render the mucilage uniform, and strain forcibly through linen.
— — »»»»0 @ 0444*^—
OLEA DESTILLATA.
In the preparation of the Distilled Oils, put the substance from which the oil is to be extracted into a retort, or other vessel suitable for distilla- te
1T8
OLEA DESTILLATA.
tion, and add enough water to cover it; then distil into a large refrigeratory. Separate the Distilled Oil from the water which comes over with it.
In this manner prepare
Oleum Anisi,
Oil of Anise,
From Anise;
Oleum Cari5 Oil of Caraway ,
From Caraway;
Oleum Caryophylli3 Oil of Cloves 5
From Cloves;
Oleum Chenopodii,
Oil of Wormseed ,
From Wormseed;
U • • - I ,
Oleum Cubeb;e3 Oil of Cuhebs ,
From Cubebs;
Oleum Fceniculi5 Oil of Fennel ,
From Fennel-seed ;
OLEA DESTILLATA,
179
Oleum Gaultheria:5 Oil of Partridge-berry , From Partridge-berry ;
Oleum Hedeoma:,
Oil of Pennyroyal From Pennyroyal;
Oleum Juniperl Oil of Juniper ,
From Juniper;
Oleum Lavandula:,
Oil of Lavender ,
From Lavender;
Oleum Mentha: Piperita:. Oil of Peppermint , From Peppermint;
Oleum Mentha: Yiridis, Oil of Spearmint ,
From Spearmint ;
Oleum Mona rile.
Oil of Ilorsemintj From Horsemint;
Oleum Origani,
Oil of Origanum ,
From Origanum ;
180
OLEA DESTILLATA.
Oleum Pimentje,
Oil of Pimento ,
From Pimento;
Oleum Rosmarini, Oil of Rosemary , From Rosemary;
Oleum Sabina:,
Oil of Savine ,
From Savine;
Oleum Sassafras,
Oil of Sassafras ,
From Bark of Sassafras Root ; and
Oleum Valerianae, Oil of Valerian , From Valerian.
Oleum Copaiba:.
Oil of Copaiba .
Take of Copaiba two pounds ;
Water four gallons.
Add the Copaiba to the Water in a tinned still, and, having adapted a proper refrigeratory, distil three gallons. Separate the Oil which comes over
OLEA DESTXLLATA.
181
from the water, return the latter to the Copaiba, and again distil three gallons. Lastly, separate the Oil obtained in the second distillation, add it to that first obtained, and keep the whole in a well stopped bottle.
Oleum Succini.
Oil of Amber.
Take of Amber, in powder, any quantity.
Put the Amber, previously mixed with an equal weight of sand, into a glass retort, which is to be only half filled ; then distil by means of a sand- bath, with a gradually increasing heat, an acid liquor, an oil, and a concrete acid impregnated with oil. Separate the Oil from the other mat- ters, and keep it in well stopped bottles.
Oleum Succini Rectificatum.
Rectified Oil of Amber.
Take of Oil of Amber a pint ;
Water six pints.
Mix them in a glass retort, and distil until four pints of the Water have passed with the oil into the receiver ; then separate the Oil from the water, and keep it in well stopped bottles.
182
PILULJE.
Oleum Tabaci.
Oil of Tobacco.
Take of Tobacco, in coarse powder, a pound.
Put the Tobacco into a retort of green glass, con- nected with a refrigeratory, to which a tube is at- tached for the escape of the incondensible products; then, by means of a sand-bath, heat the retort gradually to dull redness, and maintain that tem- perature until empyreumatic oil ceases to come over. Lastly, separate the dark oily liquid in the receiver from the watery portion, and keep it for use.
PILULE
PiLULiE Aloes.
Jlloetic Pills.
Take of Aloes, in powder.
Soap, each, an ounce.
Beat them with water so as to form a mass, to be divided into two hundred and forty pills.
PILULiE.
183
Pilule Aloes et Assafcetide.
Pills of Aloes and Assafetida.
Take of Aloes, in powder,
Assafetida,
Soap, each, half an ounce.
Beat them with water so as to form a mass, to be divided into one hundred and eighty pills.
Pilulje Aloes et Myrrhs.
Pills of Aloes and Myrrh .
Take of Aloes, in powder, two ounces ;
Myrrh, in powder, an ounce;
Saffron half an ounce ;
Syrup a sufficient quantity.
Beat the whole together so as to form a mass to be divided into four hundred and eighty pills.
PlLULiE ASSAFCETIBJE.
Assafetida Pills.
Take of Assafetida an ounce and a half ;
Soap half an ounce.
Beat them with water so as to form a mass, to be divided into two hundred and forty pills.
184
PILULiE.
Pilule Cathartics Composite. Compound Cathartic Pills.
Take of Compound Extract of Colocynth, in powder, half an ounce;
Extract of Jalap,
Mild Chloride of Mercury, each, three drachms ;
Gamboge, in powder, two scruples. Mix them together; then with water form a mass, to be divided into one hundred and eighty pills.
PlLULJE CoPAIBS.
•
Copaiba Pills.
Take of Copaiba two ounces ;
Magnesia, recently prepared, a drachm. Mix them, and set the mixture aside till it con- cretes into a pilular mass, which is to be divided into two hundred pills.
Filuls Ferri Careonatis.
Pills of Carbonate of Iron .
( Valleys Ferruginous Pills.)
Take of Sulphate of Iron eight ounces ; Carbonate of Soda ten ounces; Clarified Honey three ounces ;
PILULiE.
185
Sugar, in powder, two ounces;
Boiling Water two pints;
Syrup a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the Sulphate of Iron and Carbonate of Soda, each, in a pint of the W ater, a fluidounce of Syrup having been previously added to each pint ; then mix the two solutions, when cold, in a bottle just large enough to hold them, close it accurately with a stopper, and set it by that the carbonate of iron may subside. Pour off the supernatant liquid, and, having washed the precipitate with water sweetened writh Syrup, in the proportion of a fluid- ounce of the latter to a pint of the former, until the washings no longer have a saline taste, place it upon a flannel cloth to drain, and afterwards ex- press as much of the water as possible ; then im- mediately mix the precipitate with the Honey and Sugar, and by means of a water-bath evaporate the mixture, constantly stirring, until it is so far concentrated as to have a pilular consistence on